高考解题思路之利用“主旨”破题（阅读理解篇）课件高三上学期英语一轮复习专项

2024.05.30高考解题思路之

利用“主旨”破题阅读理解篇01.掌握“主旨”的概念及特征02.03.Objectives了解高考阅读题对“主旨”的考查形式学会利用“主旨”破题01.阅读理解

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———————————阅读+理解高考出题背景——能力考察考察能力考生要求分析、归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力把握主题、理解中心思想的能力总体上把握文章理解主题句或中心句概括、判断、归纳、推理添加标题Convenientlyiteratetop-linealignmentsforwirelessmetrics.近四年高考真题中主旨题分布概况2023文章体裁2022文章体裁2021文章体裁2020文章体裁新高考I32.段落主旨说明文21.文章来源应用文31.文章标题记叙文7.主旨推断记叙文34.段落主旨说明文35.段落主旨说明文11.文章目的12.文章主旨书评说明文全国甲（I）27.文章标题说明文3.文章来源应用文32.段落主旨说明文31.文章主旨记叙文15.文章标题议论文35.文章标题说明文全国乙（II）32.段落主旨议论文27.文章类型书评24.段落主旨说明文27.文章主旨说明文35.文章来源31.文章标题说明文31文章标题记叙文35.文章标题记叙文新课标II27.文章标题说明文28.文章来源说明文鹅，鹅，鹅曲项向天歌白毛浮绿水红掌拨清波鹅“鹅”“鹅”的脖子“鹅”的白毛“鹅”的红掌鹅，鹅，鹅曲项向天歌白毛浮绿水红掌拨清波鹅Para.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Title如何确定主旨：2.文章第一段首句/尾句4.文章反复出现的词

3.文章每段首/尾句

1.标题Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章标题Type4写作意图“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题题干表现形式主题型目的型标题型Themainideaofthepassageis______Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Thepassageismainlyabout________Thepassageismeantto_________Thepurposeofthearticleisto______Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe___What’sthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章标题Type4写作意图“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.

Thecostofmaking"Apes." B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout“Apes." D.Theperformanceofrealapes.例题1

(2020全国III)Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.高考直通车总结1：体现主旨的中心词会反复出现B补充1:

考查词汇3500+（包括词汇变形，如前后缀含义等）Type1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章标题Type4写作意图“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Achildhooddream.B．Anunforgettableexperience.C．Sailingaroundtheworld.D．MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.例题2(2022·全国甲卷阅读C)

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.高考直通车总结2：主旨句读懂看句子主干（主谓宾）；

中文是提示词BType1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章标题Type4写作意图“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HumanVoices:asurprisingdeep-rootedfearinwildlifeB.Lions:theprimarysourceofthreatforthelocalanimalsC.LionSounds:thepotentialuseforwildlifeprotectionD.Humans:theimpactondecreasingrhinopopulation例题3（2023南宁市教学质量调研

阅读D）Despiteheavyillegalhuntingofrhinos,SouthAfrica’sKrugerNationalParkisstillanaturalparadise.OneofthelargestremaininglionpopulationsinAfricalivesthere.Yetthereissomethingthelocalanimalsfearevenmorethanthebigcats.LianaZanetteofWesternUniversityinOntarioandhercolleagueswereabletoshowthatanimalsreactmoststronglytohumanvoicesandfleeinresponse....旧题复现补充2:

“伪分段”

第一段的主旨句含有指代不明的词或第二段开头出现转折词，此时，主旨将出现在第二段。补充1:

转折词如but，yet，however等后的内容往往是作者真正想要表达的观点AType1段落大意Type2文章大意Type3文章标题Type4写作意图“主旨”考点1：“主旨大意”题35．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.例题4（2017·北京）Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.高考直通车c“主旨”考点2：题与“主旨”，“主旨”与题1.题目是

____________的题目

2.正确答案是____________的答案《2019·全国·高考真题》观察题目与答案，思考并回答两个问题（6mins）例题5（2019·全国）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?Noneofyourbusiness!LunchisBechtel’s“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.1.题目是____________的题目围绕主旨1．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Foodvariety.B．Eatinghabits.C．Tablemanners.D．Restaurantservice.2．WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.B．Tocatchupwithherwork.C．Tohavesometimeonherown.D．Tocollectdataforherreport.3．WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.B．He’sfondofthefoodatthebar.C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.D．He’sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.B．Theimportanceofself-reflection.C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.2.正答是____________的答案围绕主旨02.限时训练结合本节课所学，完成《2021江苏卷》（6mins）（2021江苏南通）We’veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain.Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary(久坐的)behaviorisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe(中颞叶),abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,aged45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachair,theworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon’tneedtomovemuchto

enhance

cognition(认知);juststandingwillmakeit.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantsarepresentedwithconflictingstimuli(刺激),liketheword“green”inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolor.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya32millisecondmargin.Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforeveryone.Iknow,thisallrunscountertoreceiveideasaboutdeepthought,fromourgradeschoolteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin'sfamous“Thinker”seatedwithchinonhand.Theywerewrong.Youcannowallstandup.1．WhatcanweinferfromParagraphs3and4?A．Sedentarybehaviorwillpossiblydamageourbrain.B．Severeexercisecanreducethedamageofsitting.C．Severeexercisecangreatlyimproveourbrainhealth.D．Brainhealthhasnothingtodowithsedentarybehavior.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enhance”inParagraph5mean?A．keep B．weaken C．improve D．decrease3．Whatisthereceivedideaaboutdeepthought?A．Sittingmoreisgoodforourmentalhealth. B．Sittingisbetterwhenwethink.C．Exercisemorecanimproveourcognition. D．Weshouldstandwhilethinking.4．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．peopletendtositwhilethinkingB．physicalexercisecanimproveourbrainhealthC．sedentarybehaviorleadstocountlesshealthproblemsD．standingmorecanmakeourbrainhealthier03.积累与巩固词（块）含义词（块）含义createv.创造creationn.创造creativea.富有创造力的WordBankHomework

复习课上所学，完成活页课后练Thanks关键词关键词关键词关键词1.关键词原则：(ps:如果一个词反复出现在文章任何一处或者题目任意一题，它反而不是定位词)2.同义替换3.题文同序4.话题一致（黄鼠狼与鸡太美）关键词5.只看一句1有一只鸡叫太美，它跟黄鼠狼是邻居。2过年了，黄鼠狼盘算着去鸡太美家里拜年。3路上遇到了一只隔壁鸭太极，搓了一顿麻将。4眼见着太阳快下山了，黄鼠狼告辞了鸭太极，直奔鸡太美的农场。幸好，鸡太美并没有计较它的迟到。他俩快快乐乐地过了个好年。黄鼠狼与鸡太美请问：这篇文章讲了什么？A.黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的恩怨情仇。B.黄鼠狼与鸭太极是好朋友。C.鸡太美喜欢鸭太极。D.黄鼠狼与鸡太美之间的友谊。√立德树人核心价值育人功能语文：市摸底考：“家风”玉林市联考：应对百年未有之大局的变与不变数学：市摸底考：甲醛浓度与室温的关系（生态）玉林市联考：2021年东奥，举重与体重英语：玉林市联考：B篇：Greta对我的影响（人与社会）C篇：洗车方式对环境的影响（人与自然）D篇：老年人的心理健康（人与社会）完型：一对夫妻教会女儿学会分享，感恩生命

（人与社会、人与自我）27.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?（）A.StoringSolarEnergyforBuildings B.KeepingBuildingsCoolwithColdWaterC.ChangingtheWayBuildingsAreBuilt 73.17%

D.RethinkingHowBuildingsAreCooled1.靠主题做题：所有的选项必须符合主题例题1：（2021南宁市摸底考B）UniversityofArizonaarchitecturestudentswonthefirstplaceinanationalcompetitionforaprojectthatreimaginesthewaybuildingsstoreenergyforcooling.(Para1)35.Whatcanbetheconclusionofthestudy?()A.Bodypostureaffectsourconfidencelevel.B.Confidenceleadtogoodbodyposture.C.Bodypostureaffectsprofessionalperformance.D.Personaltraitaffectprofessionalperformance.89.91%例题2：（2021南宁市摸底考D）Sittingupstraightinyourchairisn'tjustgoodforyourposture,italsogivesyoumoreconfidenceinyourownthoughtsaccordingtoanewstudy.(Para1)2.靠“找”做题定位答案：找到与题干意思相近的句子理解：利用简单句+定状补读懂这个句子（单词看不懂：背！语法不行：做题！）找不到答案时：往下走一句句中有代词时：往上走一句例题3：（2021南宁市摸底考B）TheSunBlockconcept,designedspecificallyfortheSonoranDesert,focusesoncooling.ThemainwayitisdifferentfromatraditionaldistrictenergysystemisthateachSunBlockbuildingwouldhaveitsownsolar-poweredsystemth