北京市石景山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末英语试题 含解析

2024北京石景山高二(下)期末英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenIsettledinAuckland,mynewcityseemedsobigandunfriendly.ThenIhadaphysicalproblemandhadtogotohospitalforanexamination.Nothavinga___1___,IwasdependingonacoupleofbusestogetmefromAtoB.AlthoughI’dleftmyselfplentyoftime,soonitwas___2___Iwasgoingtobelate,asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeinthe___3___direction.I___4___thebusandstoodonthesidewalknotknowingwhattodo.Ilookedintotheeyesofa___5___whowastryingtogetpastme.___6___,insteadofmovingon,shestoppedtoaskifIwasOK.AfterIexplainedmy___7___toher,shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomyappointment.Sittingtherewaiting,Ifelt___8___thatsomeonehadbeenwillingtohelp.Then,hearingahorn(喇叭)nearby,Ilookeduptoseeacarwithmynewfriendwavingatmetogetin.Shehadreturnedtooffermea___9___tothehospital.Suchunexpectedkindnessfromapasserbywasalovelygifttoreceive.AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher,shesmiledandtoldmenottolose____10____,forallthingsarepossible.1.A.car B.house C.friend D.job2.A.strange B.necessary C.obvious D.important3.A.same B.right C.general D.opposite4.A.lookedat B.waitedfor C.gotoff D.raninto5.A.driver B.friend C.stranger D.gentleman6.A.Especially B.Surprisingly C.Probably D.Normally7.A.idea B.motivation C.excuse D.situation8.A.afraid B.grateful C.certain D.disappointed9.A.lift B.suggestion C.bike D.guidebook10.A.power B.support C.touch D.faith【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.C5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者初到新的城市定居，由于坐错车导致快要迟到，得到陌生人帮助的故事。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有一辆汽车，我依赖几辆公共汽车来从A点到B点。A.car汽车；B.house房子；C.friend朋友；D.job工作。根据下文“IwasdependingonacoupleofbusestogetmefromAtoB.”可推知，作者没有汽车，所以需要依靠公共交通工具公共汽车。故选A。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我给自己留了很多时间，但很快很明显我就要迟到了，因为我错误地登上了一辆带我去相反方向的公共汽车。A.strange奇怪的；B.necessary必要的；C.obvious明显的；D.important重要的。根据下文“asIhadmistakenlyboardedabusthatwastakingmeinthe___3___direction.”可知，作者坐错了公共汽车，所以此处表示很明显作者要迟到了。故选C。【3题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我给自己留了很多时间，但很快很明显我就要迟到了，因为我错误地登上了一辆带我去相反方向的公共汽车。A.same同样的；B.right正确的；C.general一般的；D.opposite相反的。根据下文“shepointedtoabusstopacrossthestreet,whereabuswouldtakemebackintothecitytomyappointment.”可推知，此处表示作者登上了一辆去相反方向的公共汽车。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我下了车，站在人行道上不知道该做什么。A.lookedat看；B.waitedfor等待；C.gotoff下车；D.raninto遇到。根据下文“andstoodonthesidewalknotknowingwhattodo.”可知，此处表示作者下车，站在人行道上。故选C。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着一个试图从我从我身边经过的陌生人的眼睛。A.driver司机；B.friend朋友；C.stranger陌生人；D.gentleman绅士。根据下文“whowastryingtogetpastme.”以及语境可知，作者站在人行道上，身边经过的是陌生人。故选C。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，她没有继续走，而是停下来问我是否还好。A.Especially尤其；B.Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C.Probably大概；D.Normally通常。根据下文“insteadofmovingon,shestoppedtoaskifIwasOK.”以及语境可知，这位陌生人的行为超出了作者的预期，所以此处表示这是令人惊讶的。故选B。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我向她解释了我的情况之后，她指了指街对面的一个公共汽车站，那里有一辆公共汽车会带我回城里赴约。A.idea主意；B.motivation动机；C.excuse借口；D.situation情况。根据上文“AfterIexplainedmy”以及语境可知，作者会向对方解释自己的情况。故选D。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在那里等待时，我感到很感激有人愿意帮忙。A.afraid害怕的；B.grateful感激的；C.certain肯定的；D.disappointed失望的。根据下文“thatsomeonehadbeenwillingtohelp.”可知，作者对陌生人愿意帮忙感到感激。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她返回来让我搭便车去医院。A.lift搭便车；B.suggestion建议；C.bike自行车；D.guidebook指南。根据下文“AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher,”可推知，此处表示对方让作者搭便车去医院。故选A。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我从车上下来，在医院门口转身感谢她时，她微笑着告诉我不要失去信心，因为一切皆有可能。A.power权力；B.support支持；C.touch触摸；D.faith信心。根据下文“forallthingsarepossible”可知，此处表示对方告诉作者不要失去对生活的信心。故选D。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Myfatheralwaystellsmenottogossip(八卦)aboutothersbehindtheirbacks.Wheninmiddleschool,Ionce____11____(compete)withanotherclassmate,Amy,forthemonitor.Togainanadvantage,IinvitedsomeclassmatestomyhomeandgossipedalotaboutAmy.____12____(hear)whatIsaid,myfathertoldme,“Whenyourforefinger____13____(point)atothers’back,youhaveotherthreefingerspointingat____14____(you)andfightingbackwithtriplepower.”【答案】11.competed12.Havingheard##Hearing13.points##ispointing14.yourself【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了父亲教导我不要在背后说别人的闲话。【11题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：在中学的时候，我曾经和另一个同学艾米竞争班长。分析句子可知，compete(竞争)是句中谓语动词，与主语I之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语Wheninmiddleschool，应使用一般过去时态。故填competed。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说：“当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。”。分析句子可知，hear是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语myfather之间是主动关系，结合句意，“(hear)whatIsaid”可以理解为发生在“myfathertoldme”之前，用现在分词的完成式havingheard，表示主动和已经发生，也可以理解为与“myfathertoldme”同时发生，用现在分词的一般式hearing，表主动和同时发生，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Havingheard/Hearing。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说：“当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。”。分析句子可知，point是时间状语从句中谓语动词，与主语yourforefinger之间是主动关系，结合句意，父亲的话“yourforefinger(point)atothers’back”可以理解为普遍现象，用一般现在时，也可以理解为强调正发生，用现在进行时，主语yourforefinger是单数名词，谓语动词也用单数形式。故填points/ispointing。【14题详解】考查反身代词。句意：父亲听了我的话，对我说：“当你用食指指着别人的时候，你就用另外三个手指指着自己，而且三倍的力量回击。”。根据句意可知，“你用你的另外三个手指指着自己”，其中施动者和动作承受者都是“你自己”，应用反身代词yourself作宾语。故填yourself。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Rereadingstoriesisgoodfun.Youalreadyknow____15____isgoingtohappen,sowhenyourereadit,youcanimagineyouareinthesettingofthestory.Itgivesyouanopportunity____16____(think)aboutwhetherthebookhasamoraloradeepermeaning.Storiescanhelpyoudealwithyouremotionsaswell.Rereadingthemisanotherwaytofeelgoodemotionsandstop____17____(feel)annoyed.There’salwayssomethingnewtofindoutwhenyourereadit.【答案】15.what16.tothink17.feeling【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述重读故事的好处。【15题详解】考查宾语从句关系词。句意：你已经知道了会发生什么。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，由句意可知表示“什么”，因而用what引导。故填what。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它使你有机会思考这本书是有道德意义还是有更深的含义。分析句子结构可知，设空处需填入不定式作目的状语。故填tothink。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：重读它们是另一种感受良好情绪和停止烦恼的方式。stopdoing表示“停止做某事”，因此设空处需填入现在分词形式。故填feeling。点睛】C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Yourpersonalityshapesyou.Personalityisthecharacteristicpatternsofthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors____18____makeapersonunique.Understandingpersonalityallowsus____19____(predict)howpeoplewillrespondtocertainsituationsandwhattheypreferandvalue.Forexample,anoutgoingpersonmayjumpforjoywhenfacingnewexperiences,whileashypersonmayfeel____20____(embarrass)infrontofalargegroupofpeople.【答案】18.which##that19.topredict20.embarrassed【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是什么是人格和理解人格的作用。【18题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：人格是使一个人独一无二的思想、情感和行为的特征模式。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词patterns是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。【19题详解】考查不定式和固定短语。句意：理解人格可以让我们预测人们对特定情况的反应，以及他们的喜好和价值。allowsb.todosth.是固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此空格处是不定式topredict，故填topredict。【20题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，一个外向的人在面对新的经历时可能会高兴得跳起来，而一个害羞的人可能会在一大群人面前感到尴尬。feel后跟形容词作表语，修饰person用ed形容词，即embarrassed，意为“感到尴尬的”，故填embarrassed。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWelcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear（鞋类）intheworldthatwillmakeyougreenwithenvy.HereattheFootwearMuseumyoucanseeexhibits（展品）fromallovertheworld.YoucanfindoutaboutshoeswornbyeveryonefromtheAncientEgyptianstopopstars.Room1Thecelebrity（名人）footwearsectionisprobablythemostpopularintheentiremuseum.Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!Mostvisitorsfindthecelebrities’choiceoffootwearextremelyinteresting.Room2Mostofourvisitorsareamazed—andshocked—bythecollectionof“specialpurpose”shoesonexhibitionhereattheMuseumofFootwear.Forexample,thereareChineseshoesmadeofsilk,thatwerewornbywomentotietheirfeetfirmlytopreventthemfromgrowingtoomuch!Room3Aswellasshoesandbootsthemuseumalsoexhibitsshoe-shapedobjects.Thevarietyisunbelievable.Forexample,thereisametallampthatresemblesapairofshoes,andGreekwinebottlesthatlikelegs!ThefootwearLibraryPeoplecomefromallovertheworldtostudyinourexcellentfootwearlibrary.Designersandresearcherscomeheretolookupinformationonanythingandeverythingrelatedtothesubjectoffootwear.21.Wherewouldyoufindafamoussinger’sshoes?ARoom1 B.Room2C.Room3 D.ThefootwearLibrary22.Allexhibitsineachroom________________.A.sharethesamethemeB.havethesameshapeC.aremadeofthesamematerialD.belongtothesamesocialclass23.Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto__________________.A.doresearchB.designshoesCvisitthemuseumD.followcelebrities【答案】21.A22.A23.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一个关于鞋类收藏品的博物馆。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Startedinthe1950sthereisawidevarietyofshoesandbootsbelongingtoeveryonefromqueensandpresidentstopopstarsandactors!”可知，一号房间里有从女王、总统、流行歌星到演员的鞋子和靴子，因此在一号房间你能看到著名歌手的鞋，故A项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Room1，Room2及Room3的内容可知，每个房间的展品都有一个共同的主题——鞋类，故A项正确。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Welcometooneofthelargestcollectionsoffootwear（鞋类）intheworld”可知，欢迎来到世界上最大的鞋类收藏博物馆之一，由此可知，这篇文章的目的是吸引更多的人来参观这个博物馆，故C项正确。B阅读理解。Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeforsuccess.Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two­thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.However,itwasn'tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomes,whileaggressionandfightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.Onereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalsarejustopposite.Forexample,whenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsaggression,whileadogdoingthesamesignalssubmission.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefully,researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother'slanguage.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalk“Dog”,anddogscanlearnhowtotalk“Cat”.What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother'sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother'spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom(梳理)eachother.Thesignificanceofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon'tgetalong,includingneighbors,colleaguesatwork,andevenworldsuperpowers.Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.24.Theunderlinedword“swimmingly”inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.early B.sweetlyC.quickly D.smoothly25.Whatisfoundsurprisingaboutcatsanddogs?A.Theyeatandsleeptogether.B.Theyobserveeachother'sbehaviors.C.Theylearntospeakeachother'slanguage.D.Theyknowsomethingfromeachother'svoices.26.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs________.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanthoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanexpected27.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.【答案】24.D25.C26.B27.A【解析】【导语】这一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了猫和狗可以和睦相处，并呼吁人类应该学会和谐相处。【24题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Two­thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.(三分之二的受访家庭表示，他们的猫狗关系良好。)”可知，划线词所在的句子意思是：根据这项研究，如果猫在狗之前被收养，而且它们是在很小的时候被引进的(猫不到6个月，狗不到一年)，这两只宠物很可能会相处得很好。如果采取适当的措施，猫与狗之间是可以和平相处的，因而“swimmingly”应该是“顺利地；轻易地”之意。D项smoothly意为“平稳地；顺利地”，切合题意。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“researchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother'slanguage(研究人员观察到一种令人惊讶的行为。他们正在学习如何讲彼此的语言)”可知，这个令人吃惊的发现便是猫与狗竟然能够互相学习对方的语言。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligence.Theycanlearnhowtoreadeachother'sbodysignals,suggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwaspreviouslysuspected.Oncefamiliarwitheachother'spresenceandbodylanguage,catsanddogscanplaytogether,greeteachothernosetonose,andenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofa.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroomeachother.(有趣的是，猫和狗似乎都在发展它们的智力。它们可以学习如何读懂对方的身体信号，这表明它们之间的共同点可能比之前怀疑的要多。一旦熟悉了彼此的存在感和肢体语言，猫和狗就可以一起玩耍，面对面地打招呼，一起睡在沙发上。他们可以很容易地共用一个水碗，在某些情况下还会互相梳理毛发。)”可知，事实上猫与狗之间存在更多的共同点，它们并没有我们想象中的那么格格不入。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome?(狗和猫能在同一个家里和睦相处吗？)”和最后一段“Ifcatsanddogscanlearntogetalong,surelypeoplehaveagoodchance.(如果猫和狗都能学会和睦相处，人类当然也有很大的机会。)”可知，通过猫与狗的研究可以得出我们人类应该学会和谐相处。故选A。CTheproductionofcoffeebeansisahuge,profitablebusiness,but,unfortunately,full-sunproductionistakingovertheindustryandbringingaboutalotofdamage.Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld’secologicalbalance.Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.Theshadeoftheforesttreesprovidesahomeforbirdsandother(物种)thatdependonthetrees’flowersandfruits.Full-suncoffeegrowersdestroythisforesthome.Asaresult,manyspeciesarequicklydyingout.Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.Medicalresearchoftenmakesuseoftheforests’plantandanimallife,andthedestructionofsuchspeciescouldpreventresearchersfromfindingcuresforcertaindiseases.Inaddition,newcoffee-growingtechniquesarepoisoningthewaterlocally,andeventuallytheworld’sgroundwater.Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld’sclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.Moreover,thenewgrowingtechniquesarecontributingtoacidic(酸性的)soilconditions.Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutfull-suncoffeeproductionfromParagraph4?A.Itlimitsthespreadofnewgrowingtechniques.B.Itleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.C.Itslowsdownthelossofshadetrees.D.Itimproveslocalsoilconditions.29.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.A.entertain B.advertise C.instruct D.persuade30.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?(CP:CentralPointP:PointC:Conclusion)A. B.C. D.【答案】28.B29.D30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全日照的咖啡生产方式给环境和生态带来的种种危害，呼吁人们购买遮荫种植的咖啡。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantations(种植园)couldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.Thelossofshadetreesisalreadycausingaslightchangeintheworld’sclimate,andstudiesshowthatlossofoxygen-givingtreesalsoleadstoairpollutionandglobalwarming.(在当地和全球范围内，全日照咖啡种植园的持续扩张可能意味着雨林生态的破坏。遮荫树的减少已经导致世界气候的轻微变化，研究表明，供氧气的树木的减少也会导致空气污染和全球变暖)”可知，全日照咖啡的种植方式会导致空气污染和全球变暖。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butconsumersdohaveachoice.Theycanpurchaseshade-growncoffeewheneverpossible,althoughatahighercost.Thefuturehealthoftheplanetandmankindissurelyworthmorethananinexpensivecupofcoffee.(但消费者确实有选择。只要有可能，他们可以购买遮荫种植的咖啡，尽管价格更高。地球和人类未来的健康肯定比一杯廉价的咖啡更有价值)”可推知，作者写作本文的目的是劝说人们购买遮荫种植的咖啡。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段“Thechangeinhowcoffeeisgrownfromshade-grownproductiontofull-sunproductionendangerstheveryexistenceofcertainanimalsandbirds,andevendisturbstheworld’secologicalbalance.(咖啡种植方式从遮荫生产转变为全日照生产，这危及了某些动物和鸟类的生存，甚至扰乱了世界的生态平衡)”提出中心论点，全日照的咖啡生产方式带来危害，第二段“Onalocallevel,thedamageoftheforestrequiredbyfull-sunfieldsaffectsthearea’sbirdsandanimals.(在地方层面上，充足的阳光场对森林的破坏会影响该地区的鸟类和动物)”、第三段“Onamoregloballevel,thedestructionoftherainforestforfull-suncoffeefieldsalsothreatens(威胁)humanlife.(在更全球化的层面上，为全日照咖啡田而破坏雨林也威胁着人类的生命)”以及第四段“Bothlocallyandglobally,thecontinuedspreadoffull-suncoffeeplantationscouldmeanthedestructionoftherainforestecology.(在当地和全球范围内，全日照咖啡种植园的持续扩张可能意味着雨林生态的破坏)”从不同层面展开说明，三段为并列关系，最后一段“Itisobviousthatthewaymuchcoffeeisgrownaffectsmanyaspectsoflife,fromthelocalenvironmenttotheglobalecology.(很明显，咖啡的种植方式会影响生活的许多方面，从当地环境到全球生态)”给出结论，所以A项能够体现文章的结构。故选A。DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybecompletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotential(潜在的)resourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherunexpectedbenefitsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandincommunicationsystems.Evennon-stickpansandmirroredsunglassesareby-products(副产品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry!Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingstosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.31.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts.B.Tocomparedifferentideas.C.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.D.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth.32.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humansarenature-borntodoso.B.Humanshavethetendencytofight.C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood.D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.33.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Ourgeneticmakeup.B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans.D.By-productsinspaceexploration.34.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.B.Spaceexplorationprovidesthebestvalueformoney.C.Spaceexplorationcanbenefitscienceandtechnology.D.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.【答案】31.C32.A33.C34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从人类天性的角度剖析了人类进行太空探索的动机，以及从中获得的益处——太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的一些问题。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.(人类为什么要探索太空？为什么要花费金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究那些没有什么明显好处的东西呢？为什么资源应该花在太空上，而不是花在地球上的环境和人身上？可以理解的是，这些问题经常被问到)”可知，作者用连续的三个问题来说明人们对太空探索的意义的困惑，再结合下文段落对此进行解答可推知，作者提出这些问题是为了引出要讨论的主题——太空探索的意义。故选C项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeup(基因构成)ashumanbeings.(也许最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成)”和“Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.(也许探索太空的最好理由是这种向任何可能的地方扩张的遗传倾向)”可知，本段给出的理由是人类的基因决定了人类倾向于向任何可能的地方扩张，去探索太空，即人类天生就会这么做。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.(虽然地球是已知的唯一一个支持生命的星球，但人类的适应能力肯定会允许我们在其他星球上生活)”可知，人类的适应能力使得人类居住在其他星球上成为可能。故选C项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段以问题的形式引出对太空探索意义的思考，第二到五段从不同方面说明进行太空探索的原因，包括人类有向任何可能的地方扩张的基因倾向，每个文明都会探索周围环境以降低危险，探索使得人类能够发现潜在能源，发现拯救自身的办法，第六段用人类强大的适应能力说明人类有可能住在其他星球上，表达对未来的希望。由此可知，文章的主旨是太空探索可以帮助我们避免地球上潜在的一些问题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somepeoplethinkthatsuccessisonlyforthosewithtalentorwhogrowupintherightfamily.Othersbelievethatsuccessmostlycomesdowntoluck.I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence.____35____However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.____36____Togetreallygoodatsomething,youneedtospendatleast10,000hoursstudyingandpracticing.Tobecomegreatatcertainthings,it’llrequireevenmoretime.Mostpeoplewon’tputinthattime.Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itwillfeellikeunbearablepain.Youwilllikelyquitbeforeyoubecomegoodatit.____37____Whenyouseepeoplewithgreatskillsorwhohaveachievedgreatsuccess,remembertheyhavededicatedahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.____38____Butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andyou’reprobablywrong.____39____Youmustalmostreachthepointofaddictionandkeepatitforalongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpectanyrewards.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteethelevelofsuccessyouwant.Butitwillguaranteeyoubecomereallygoodatwhateveryoudedicateyourselfto.A.That’sjusthowlifeis.B.Onecannotsucceedwithouttime.C.Andthen,youneedtomakeitpractical.D.Successfulpeopleliketoshowtheirgreatskillsandtalent.E.It’seasytothinktheygotluckyorwerebornwithraretalent.F.Thisisabigreasonwhymanysuccessfulpeopleadviseyoutodosomethingyoulove.G.Whateveryoudo,ifyouwanttobecomegreatatit,youneedtoworkdayinanddayout.【答案】35.A36.C37.F38.E39.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功的关键在于设定目标，投入大量时间和努力并坚持不懈。【35题详解】上文“I’mnotgoingtosayluck,talent,andcircumstancesdon’tcomeintoplaybecausetheydo.Somepeoplearebornintotherightfamilywhileothersarebornwithgreatintelligence.(我不会说运气、天赋和环境不会发挥作用，因为它们的确会发挥作用。有些人出生在合适的家庭，而另一些人天生就很聪明)”说明实际上运气、天赋和环境的确会发挥作用，A项“生活就是这样。”承接上文，并引出下文内容“However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”，A项符合题意。故选A。36题详解】上文“However,tosucceedinlife,youneedtosetagoal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”说明你需要设定目标，C项中it指代上文提及的goal，C项“然后，你需要让它变得实用。”进一步说明设定目标后需要采取的做法，承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【37题详解】上文“Ifyoudon’tenjoywhatyoudo,itwillfeellikeunbearablepain.Youwilllikelyquitbeforeyoubecomegoodatit.(如果你不喜欢你所做的事情，那将是难以忍受的痛苦。你可能会在擅长之前就放弃)”说明如果你不喜欢自己所做的事情，将会产生不好的结果，所以要做自己喜欢做的事，F项中somethingyoulove是关键词汇，F项“这就是为什么许多成功人士建议你做自己喜欢的事情的一个重要原因。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【38题详解】上文“Whenyouseepeoplewithgreatskillsorwhohaveachievedgreatsuccess,remembertheyhavededicatedahugepartoftheirlifetogetthereatahugecost.(当你看到那些拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人时，请记住，他们付出了巨大的代价，付出了生命中的很大一部分)”介绍拥有高超技能或取得成功的人们事实上是付出了代价的，E项中they指代上文中拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人，E项“人们很容易认为他们很幸运，或者天生就有罕见的天赋。”承接上文，并与下文“Butthinkingthatwaydoesyounogood,andyou’reprobablywrong.(但那样想对你没有好处，而且你可能错了)”构成转折关系，符合题意。故选E。【39题详解】下文“Youmustalmostreachthepointofaddictionandkeepatitforalongperiodoftime.Ifyou’renotwillingtoputinthetimeandwork,don’texpectanyrewards.Consistent,hardworkwon’tguaranteethelevelofsuccessyouwant.Butitwillguaranteeyoubecomereallygoodatwhateveryoudedicateyourselfto.(你必须几乎达到上瘾的程度，并保持很长一段时间。如果你不愿意投入时间和工作，不要指望任何回报。持续的努力工作并不能保证你想要的成功水平。但这将保证你真正擅长你所致力于的任何事情)”说明你应该坚持不懈地做事，G项“无论你做什么，如果你想变得很棒，你需要日复一日地工作。”与下文语意一致，符合题意。故选G。第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Doyouspendoveranhoureachdaytextingmessagestoyourfriends?Doyoufrequentlyignorework,study,andotheractivitiestocheckyourphoneformessages?Areyouanxiousandrestlessifyouareseparatedfromyourmobilephone?Ifyouanswer“yes”toanyofthequestions,thenitisverypossiblethatyouareatextaholic.Atextaholiccanbedefinedassomeonewhoisaddictedtosendingandreceivingmessages.Themainsymptoms(症状)areastrongdesiretotextmessages,whichtakesprecedence(优先)overeverythingelse,andbadmoods,lowspiritsandalackofself-confidenceifmessagesfailtocomein.Therootoftheproblem,aswithmanyaddictions,isthedesiretoescapefromemotionaldifficultiessuchasstress,anxietyandrelationshipproblems.Expertswarnthattextaddictionislikelytobecomethemostcommonformofaddictioninthefuture,especiallyamongtheyoung．

Sowhatcanyoudoifyouthinkyoumaybeatextaholic?Thekeyistogetyourlifebackinbalance.Makesureyouresisttheu