北京市大兴区2023-2024学年高二上学期期中检测英语试卷 含解析

大兴区2023-2024学年度第一学期期中检测试卷高二英语满分：100分考试时长：90分钟第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Intheheartofthecity,nestedbetweenthetoweringskyscrapers,stoodalittlelibrarythathadwithstoodthetestof___1___.Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssoulswhohadwalkedits___2___.Anna,ayoungwriter,oftenvisitedthisoasis(绿洲)ofknowledge.Shewasonthe___3___ofpublishingherfirstbookbutwasfacingthecripplingself-doubtthatoftentroublescreators.Oneevening,asshewanderedbetweentheshelves,shehappenedtoseeanold,dusty___4___.Itwasajournalfromthe1800s,writtenbyathen-unknownwriternamedLillian.AsAnnaskimmedthroughthepages,shewas___5___byLillian’sstruggleswhichmirroredherown.Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.Butshealsowroteofher___6___moments,wherethewordsflowedlikeariverandthestoriestookalifeoftheirown.ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.Itread,“Tothefuturedreamerswhomayfindthis:Remember,every___7___hasitsdawn.Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.Keepwriting,keepdreaming,andoneday,yourstorieswilllightupsomeone’s___8___justasyouhavelitupmine.”AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.Withrenewed___9___,sheleftthelibrary,readytofacethechallengesahead.Forinherheart,shecarriedLillian’sstory—abeaconofhopeandatestamenttothetimelessjourneyof____10____.1.A.modernity B.time C.innovation D.criticism2.A.rows B.rooms C.seats D.gates3.A.edge B.top C.end D.middle4.A.novel B.diary C.manuscript D.brochure5.A.prevented B.amazed C.struck D.puzzled6.A.disorderly B.ordinary C.bright D.final7.A.story B.night C.path D.task8.A.day B.world C.despair D.book9.A.energy B.purpose C.hesitation D.perspective10.A.creation B.writing C.discovery D.learning【答案】1.B2.A3.A4.B5.C6.C7.B8.B9.A10.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个小小图书馆，不仅承载了书籍里的故事，也书写了读者的故事。年轻作家Anna面临要出版的书籍，处于焦虑期，当她来到这个图书馆偶然发现了几个世纪以前的Lillian的日记，这本日记唤起了Anna的共鸣，激励了她继续前行。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在城市的中心，高耸的摩天大楼之间，矗立着一个经受住了时间考验的小图书馆。A.modernity现代性；B.time时间；C.innovation创新；D.criticism批评。根据后文“Everybrickandbookinthatbuildingheldstoriesnotjustfromthepages,butofthecountlesssouls…(大楼里的每一块砖、每一本书都承载着故事，不仅仅是书页上的故事，还有无数灵魂的故事……)”的描述可推知，这个小小图书馆有着无数的故事，历史悠久，经历了时间的洗礼。故选B项。【2题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座建筑里的每一块砖和每一本书都有故事，不仅来自书页，还有无数走过这座建筑的灵魂的故事。A.rows排；B.rooms房间；C.seats座位；D.gates大门。分析语境可知，该部分的主题是“alittlelibrary(一个小图书馆)”，同时结合常识，无论是来这里选择书架上的书，还是坐在成排的桌子前看书，人们都会一排一排的走过。因此，这里应是“rows”，用在句中表达来此的人一排一排的走过。故选A项。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她快要出版第一本书，但却面临着严重的自我怀疑，这常常困扰着创作者。A.edge边缘；B.top顶端；C.end末尾；D.middle中间。固定搭配“ontheedgeofdoing”，意为“快要做某事，即将做某事”。故选A项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，当她在书架之间徘徊时，偶然看到一本尘封的旧日记。A.novel小说；B.diary日记；C.manuscript手稿；D.brochure资料（或广告）手册。根据后文“Itwasajournal(这是一本日记)”可知，这是一本日记。故选B项。5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Anna浏览页面时，她被Lillian的挣扎所打动，这与她自己的挣扎如出一辙。A.prevented阻止；B.amazed使震惊；C.struck引起（强烈感情）；D.puzzled使困惑。根据后文“Lillianwroteofherrejections,hermomentsofdespair,andthenightsshewantedtogiveup.(Lillian写下了她的排斥，她绝望的时刻，以及她想放弃的夜晚)”可推知，Lillian在日记里写到的感受，Anna都经历过，感同身受，所以她有深深的触动。“bestruckby”，意为“被……所触动，被……打动”。故选C项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但她也写下了自己的精彩时刻，文字像河流一样流动，故事也有了自己的生命。A.disorderly混乱的；B.ordinary普通的；C.bright鲜艳的；D.final最后的，最终的。分析语境可知，该句前有“But(但是)”，因此，所选词应与前一句中的“rejections(排斥)”，“despair(绝望)”等为反义词。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于未来的梦想家们，你们可能会发现：记住，黑夜也有黎明（黑夜过去就是黎明）。A.story故事；B.night黑夜；C.path小路，路线；D.task任务。根据后文“Yourstrugglesaremerelythedarkbeforethemorninglight.(你的挣扎不过是黎明前的黑暗)”可知，黑暗过去才会有黎明，即黑夜过去才会有黎明。“everynighthasitsdawn”意为“每个夜晚之后都有黎明”。故选B项。【8题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：继续写作，继续梦想，总有一天，你的故事会照亮别人的世界，就像你照亮我的世界一样。A.day白天；B.world世界；C.despair绝望；D.book书籍。根据前文“ThefinalentrywasdatedadaybeforeLillian’sfirstbookwaspublished.(最后一个条目的日期是Lillian的第一本书出版的前一天)”可知，Lillian的第一本书出版了，由此可推知，这里Lillian鼓励“后来人”终有一天也能用故事点亮他人的精神世界。故选B项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着新的活力，她离开了图书馆，准备迎接未来的挑战。A.energy活力；B.purpose目的；C.hesitation犹豫踟蹰；D.perspective观点。根据前文“AnnafeltaconnectiontoLillianacrossthecenturies.(Anna觉得自己和Lillian有一种跨越几个世纪的联系)”可推知，Anna受到了鼓励，重新焕发了精神和活力。故选A项。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为在她的心中，她承载着Lillian的故事——一座希望的灯塔，也是写作永恒之旅的见证。A.creation创作；B.writing写作；C.discovery发现；D.learning学问。根据前文“shecarriedLillian’sstory(她带着Lillian的故事)”可推知，Anna继续坚持写作。故选B项。第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Millionsofyearsago,theEarth___11___(inhabit)bywonderfulcreaturesthatnolongerwalkourlands.Onesuchcreature,thedodo,oncethrivedontheisolatedislandofMauritius.Itwasaflightlessbird___12___auniqueappearance.Sadly,duetohumaninterferenceandintroducedspecies,thesebirdsweredriventoextinctionwithinafewcenturiesoftheir___13___(discover).【答案】11.wasinhabited12.with13.discovery【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种几百万年以前在地球上出现过，现已灭绝的鸟类。【11题详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：数百万年前，地球上居住着奇妙的生物，这些生物现已不再在我们的土地上行走。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语“Millionsofyearsago”可知，应用一般过去时；主语是“theEarth”，与“inhabit”之间为被动关系，表示“地球被……居住”，故应用被动语态，且谓语动词为单数。故填wasinhabited。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：这是一种不会飞的鸟，有着独特的外表。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语“auniqueapperance”；介词with表示“具有”，符合句意。故填with。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：可悲是，由于人类的干扰和外来物种的引入，这些鸟类在发现后的几个世纪内就灭绝了。根据“their”可知，空处应为名词，作宾语；discovery为名词，意为“发现、发觉”，符合句意。故填discovery。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。MarieCurie,borninWarsaw,Poland,wasatrailblazingphysicistandchemistacknowledgedforher___14___(pioneer)researchonradioactivity.Notonlydidshebecomethefirstwoman___15___(win)aNobelPrize,butshealsoremainstheonlypersonwhohaswonNobelPrizesinbothPhysicsandChemistry.Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield___16___(inspire)countlessindividualsworldwide.【答案】14.pioneering15.towin16.inspired##hasinspired.【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了玛丽·居里在科学上所做出的功绩和获得的奖项。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：玛丽·居里出生于波兰华沙，是一位开拓性的物理学家和化学家，以其在放射性方面的开创性研究而闻名。根据空格后的名词research可知，空格处应填形容词作定语，根据句意“开拓性的”是形容词pioneering。故填pioneering。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她不仅成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，而且仍然是唯一一位同时获得诺贝尔物理学和化学奖的人。空格处作定语，被修饰名词woman被序数词修饰时应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填towin。【16题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：她在男性主导的领域中的奉献精神和毅力激励了全世界无数人。空格处作谓语，根据句意应用一般过去时或现在完成时，主语Herdedicationandperseveranceinamale-dominatedfield为第三人称给单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填inspired/hasinspired。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DuringtheRenaissance,aperiod___17___coversfromthe14thtothe17thcentury,Europeexperiencedarevivalofart,culture,andintellect.LeonardodaVinci,oftenreferredtoasthearchetypeofthe“RenaissanceMan”,wasnotonlyanartistbutalso___18___inventor,scientist,andmathematician.Hispainting,theMonaLisa,isconsideredoneof___19___(famous)iconicworksofart.Yet,manyofhis___20___(invention),althoughrevolutionary,werenotbuiltduringhislifetime.【答案】17.which##that18.an19.themostfamous20.inventions【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了文艺复兴时期著名艺术家、科学家和数学家列奥纳多·达·芬奇的生平事迹。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在14世纪到17世纪的文艺复兴时期，欧洲经历了艺术、文化和智力的复兴。此处为定语从句修饰先行词period，先行词在从句中作主语，可用which/that引导从句。故填which/that。【18题详解】考查冠词。句意：列奥纳多·达·芬奇，通常被称为“文艺复兴时期的人”的原型，他不仅是一位艺术家，还是一位发明家、科学家和数学家。inventor为可数名词，此处表示泛指，inventor发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an。故填an。【19题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：他的画作《蒙娜丽莎》被认为是最著名的标志性艺术作品之一。空格处作定语，oneof+the+形容词最高级+复数名词，为固定结构，意为“最……之一”。故填themostfamous。【20题详解】考查名词的数。句意：然而，他的许多发明虽然具有革命性，但并不是在他有生之年完成的。根据空格前的his和manyof可知，空格处应填名词的复数形式作主语。故填inventions。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节,38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHorizonInstitute:AnnualWinterWorkshopBackgroundEstablishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.Withover20,000alumniworldwide,ourfocusisonprovidinghands-onexperiencesinawiderangeofdisciplines.WorkshopDetails:Dates:December5th-December20thCoursesAvailable:AdvancedMathematics,ExperimentalPhysics,DigitalArtDesign,andLeadershipDynamics.Eligibility:Studentsaged12-18withakeeninterestinthechosensubject.Fee:$350forasinglecourse.Enrollintwoormorecoursesfora15%discountonthetotalfee.FacilitiesandFeatures:State-of-the-artlaboratoriesanddesignstudios.Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.Accesstoourextensivelibraryandonlineresources.AdditionalBenefits:Certificationuponcoursecompletion.Opportunitiesforinternshipsinpartnerorganizations.NetworkingeventswithHorizonalumniandindustryleadersForMoreDetails:VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.Contactusviaemail:contact@orcall:(456)789-0123.21.WhatisHorizonInstitute’sprimarymission?A.Hostingwinterworkshopseveryyear.B.Organizingnetworkingeventsforstudents.C.Linkingacademicteachingstopracticalexperiences.D.Offeringonlinecoursesinvariousdisciplines.22.Whatcanstudentsexpectwhentheyjoinintheworkshop?A.Freemealsthroughoutthecourse.B.Personalizedone-on-oneteachingsessions.C.Interactionwithprofessionalsfromvariousindustries.D.Achancetostudyabroadwithpartnerinstitutions.23.Howcansomeonegatherin-depthinformationabouttheworkshop?A.Bybrowsingtheinstitute’sonlinecatalog.B.ByattendingtheopenhouseonNovember15th.C.Bywaitingfortheannualnewsletter.D.Byjoiningtheinstitute’ssocialmediapage.【答案】21.C22.C23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了地平线研究所年度冬季研讨会的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Background部分的“Establishedin2005,HorizonInstituteiscommittedtobridgingthegapbetweenacademictheoryandreal-worldapplication.(地平线研究所成立于2005年，致力于弥合学术理论与现实应用之间的差距。)”可知，地平线研究所的主要使命是将学术教学与实践经验联系起来。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据FacilitiesandFeatures部分的“Interactivesessionswithindustryexperts.(与行业专家的互动会议。)”和“Dedicatedmentorshipbyexperiencedprofessionals.(由经验丰富的专业人士提供专业指导。)”可知，学生们可以期待与来自不同行业的专业人士进行互动。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章ForMoreDetails部分的“VisitourcampusonNovember15thforanopenhousesession.(11月15日参观我们的校园，参加开放日活动。)”可知，可以通过参加11月15日的开放日来收集有关研讨会的深入信息。故选B。BInthesprawlingmetropolisofGrayville,whereskyscraperstouchedtheheavensandstreetswereconstantlybuzzingwithlife,thereexistedauniqueplacecalled“TheCornerofQuietude”.Itwasneitheraparknorabuilding.Infact,itwassimplyastreetcorner,markedbyasinglelamppostwithapeculiarsign:“Speaksoftly,forthisisaplaceofsolace”.Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.Overtheyears,manyhadcometoexperienceitsmagic.Theyspokeofheartbreaks,dreams,regrets,andwishes,seekingsolaceinitsembrace.Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotestthelegend.Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworldaroundherpaused.Elladugintothehistoryof“TheCornerofQuietude”.Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syearningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.24.Whatwasuniqueabout“TheCornerofQuietude”inGrayville?A.Itwastheoldestparkinthisbusycity.B.ItwaswhereAlaricplayedmusiceverynight.C.Peoplefoundtheirwordsreplacedbyquietness.DItwasasilentzonewherenosoundwasallowed.25.WhydidEllacometothecornerinthefirstplace?A.Tocheckthelegend. B.Towhisperherfears.C.Tomeetthemusician. D.Tofinishherassignment.26.HowdidEllareactuponexperiencingthecorner’smagic?A.Shefeltitwasjustanothercitymystery.B.Sheimmediatelybelievedinthelegend.C.Shewroteanarticletoclarifythetruth.D.Shewassurprisedandfeltasenseofcalm.27.WhatissuggestedaboutthemusicianAlaric?A.HewasthefounderofGrayvilleandthecorner.B.Hereclaimedhisvoicebyplayingatthecorner.C.Heplayedmusictodisruptthepeaceofthecorner.D.Hissilenttunescontributedtothecorner’smysterioussense.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“安静之角”的特殊之处。【24题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Legendhaditthatanyonespeakingbeneaththislamppost,regardlessofthesurroundingnoise,wouldfindtheirwordsdrownedout,replacedbyanmysteriouspeace.(传说任何在这个灯柱下说话的人，不管周围有什么噪音，都会发现他们的话被淹没，取而代之的是一种神秘的平静。)”可知，在格雷维尔的《安静之角》人们发现他们的话语被安静所取代。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Ella,ajournalistnewtoGrayville,stumbleduponthiscornerduringanassignment.Doubtful,shedecidedtotestthelegend.(艾拉是格雷维尔新来的记者，在一次任务中偶然发现了这个角落。她心存疑虑，决定验证一下这个传说。)”可知，埃拉来到这里是为了验证一下这个传说。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Whisperingherdeepestfearsaboutherfailingcareerandstrugglesinthebigcity,shewasshockedwhenallsheheardwasacalmingwhisper,almostasiftheworldaroundherpaused.(她低声诉说着自己对事业失败和在大城市里的挣扎最深的恐惧，当她听到的只是平静的低语时，她震惊了，仿佛她周围的世界都停顿了。)”可知，埃拉在经历了角落的魔法后感到很惊讶，但又感觉仿佛她周围的世界都停顿了，即感到一种平静。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Shediscoveredthatdecadesago,amusiciannamedAlarichadlosthisvoiceandwouldvisitthecornereverynight,playinghissilenttunesonaviolin,hopingtocommunicatethroughhismusic.SomebelievedthatthecornerabsorbedAlaric’syearningforexpressionandbecameaplaceforallwhosoughttovoicetheirinnermostemotions.(她发现，几十年前，一位名叫阿拉里的音乐家失声了，每天晚上都会来到这个角落，用小提琴演奏他无声的曲调，希望通过他的音乐与人交流。一些人认为，这个角落吸收了阿拉里克对表达的渴望，成为所有寻求表达内心情感的人的地方。)”可知，阿拉里那无声的曲调增加了角落的神秘感。故选D。CChinesescientistsrecentlyachievedprecisetotalsynthesis(合成)ofsugarfromcarbondioxideinthelaboratory,markingacrucialstepinartificialsugarsynthesis.Thesynthesis,whichtookmorethantwoyearstorealize,wasachievedbyteamsfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences’TianjinInstituteofIndustrialBiotechnologyandtheacademy’sDalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics.TheirresearchwaspublishedlastweekinapaperinChineseScienceBulletin,amultidisciplinaryacademicjournal.Sugarisamajorsourceofenergyforthehumanbodyandakeyrawmaterialforindustrialproduction,anditismainlyobtainedbyextractingitfromcropssuchassugarcane.However,thetraditionalmethodofextractionislimitedbytheenergyconversionefficiencyofplantphotosynthesis.Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.Intheirlatestresearch,theChinesescientistsadjustedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideandotherrawmaterialsinthereactionsolution.Withthehelpofchemicalcatalystsandenzyme(酶)catalysts,theyobtainedfourkindsofsugars:glucose,allulose,tagatoseandmannose.Theexperimentlastedabout17hours,muchshorterthanthetimerequiredfortraditionalmethodsofsugarextraction,accordingtoYangJiangang,leadauthorofthepaperandassociateresearcherattheTianjininstitute.Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.Thestudyalsoachievedprecisecontrolofartificialsugarsynthesis.“Bycontrollingthevariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes,theoreticallyalmostanytypeofsugarcanbesynthesized,”Yangsaid.Regardingthestudy,ManfredReetz,amemberoftheGermanNationalAcademyofSciencesLeopoldina,saiditisaparticularlychallengingtasktoconvertcarbondioxideintosugars.TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfieldthatfocusesonhowtofullyutilizerawmaterialsandenergyintheprocessofproducingtheintendedproductwhileminimizingoreliminatingtheuseandgenerationofharmfulsubstances.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.28.Whydoscientistskeepstudyingartificialsugarsynthesis?A.Becausesugarisanessentialenergysourceforindustrialproduction.B.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachisnotenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Becauserawmaterialsupplyisunreliableintheprocessoftraditionalsugarextraction.D.Becausethetraditionalextractionapproachislessproductivethanplantphotosynthesis.29.HowistheChinesestudysignificant?A.Itsynthesizedalmostalltypesofsugarinthelaboratory.B.Itcontrolledvariedcatalyticeffectsofdifferentenzymes.C.Itconvertedhigh-concentrationcarbondioxideintosugar.D.Itlasted17hours,shorterthanprevioustraditionalmethods.30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Greenchemistryhelpeduseupallrawmaterialstogeneratemoreproducts.B.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwillbeusedinindustrialproductionsoon.C.GreenchemistryisanewfieldwhereChinesescientistswillputmoreeffortson.D.Carbondioxidetosugarconversionwilltakeupallsugarproductionduetoitsefficiency.【答案】28.C29.C30.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章讲述了中国科学家最近在实验室中实现了用二氧化碳精确合成糖，标志着人工糖合成迈出了关键一步。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Moreover,theprocessofextractingsugarhasbeenaffectedbyuncertainrawmaterialsuppliesduetolanddegradationandshortages,ecosystemdegradationandextremeweatherandnaturaldisasterscausedbyglobalwarming.(此外，由于土地退化和短缺、生态系统退化以及全球变暖导致的极端天气和自然灾害，原料供应不确定，影响了提取糖的过程)”及文章第四段“Asaresult,artificialsugarsynthesishasbeencontinuallystudiedbythescientificcommunityinrecentyears,andscientistsaroundtheworldhavecontributedtotheeffort.(因此，近年来，人工糖的合成一直受到科学界的不断研究，世界各地的科学家都为这一努力做出了贡献)”可知，传统的糖提取过程中原料供应不可靠，所以科学家一直研究人工糖合成。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Theefficiencyofsugarsynthesisinthisstudywas0.67gramsperliterperhour,whichwasmorethan10timeshigherthanthepreviousresultsachievedbyscientistsworldwide.Yangsaidthatthecarbondioxidetosugarconversionrateofglucosereached59.8nanomolesofcarbonpermilligramofcatalystperminute.Thisisthehighestlevelofartificialsugarproductionknowndomesticallyandinternationally.(在这项研究中，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上。杨教授说，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率达到每毫克催化剂每分钟59.8纳摩尔的碳。这是国内和国际上已知的人造糖产量的最高水平)”可知，二氧化碳转化为糖的葡萄糖转化率浓度高，糖的合成效率为每小时0.67克每升，比全球科学家之前取得的成果高出10倍以上，所以中国科学家的研究意义重大，是因为它将高浓度的二氧化碳转化为糖。故选C项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“TheachievementbyChinesescientistshasprovidedaflexible,multifunctionalandefficientsugarsynthesisroute,whichopensadoorforgreenchemistry,Reetzsaid.Greenchemistry,similartosustainablechemistry,isarapidlydevelopingfield(Reetz说，中国科学家的这一成就提供了一种灵活、多功能和高效的糖合成途径，为绿色化学打开了一扇门。绿色化学，类似于可持续化学，是一个快速发展的领域)”及最后一段“Carbondioxidetosugarconversionisseenasanexampleofgreenchemistry,sinceitwasconductedundernormaltemperatureandpressureconditionsanddidnotyieldanyharmfulsubstances.(二氧化碳到糖的转化被视为绿色化学的一个例子，因为它是在常温常压条件下进行的，不产生任何有害物质)”可知，二氧化碳精确合成糖为绿色化学打开了一扇门，它是一个快速发展的领域，可得出绿色化学是中国科学家将投入更多努力的一个新领域。故选C项。DMakingelectricityoutoffossilfuelsreleaseslotsofgreenhousegases,whichaccumulateintheatmosphereandheatuptheplanet.Nuclearpower,ontheotherhand,hasthepotentialtobeanalmostunlimitedandmoreclimate-friendlyenergysource.Thatisbecauseincontrasttofossilfuels,nogreenhousegasesarereleaseddirectlyduringtheimmediateuseofthefuel.However,therearealsoseveralmajorproblems.First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure(基建),whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.Weusecomputerandmathematicalmodelstounderstandifitmightbepossibletoredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaythattheyrunonnuclearwaste.Thiswouldreducethenegativeimpactsofcurrentandfuturenuclearpowergenerationimmensely.Ourmodelshowthatitisfeasible(可行的)toredesignnuclearpowerstationsinawaytheycanrunonspentnuclearfuel(SNF).Plus,theSNFdoesnothavetobefurthermodifiedbeforeitisused.Evenbetter,ouradvancednuclearpowerstationsdonotproduceanyadditionalwaste.Whiletheseinnovativepowerstationsdonotyetexist,ourresearchindicatesthattheyarearealpossibilityforthefuture.Inourresearch,so-calledmoltensaltreactorsseemapromisingcandidateforthenewtypeofnuclearpowerstationastheycouldberedesignedtorunonSNF.Moltensaltreactorsoperateonfuelmeltinliquidsalt.Overalifetimeof60years,oneofthesereactorswould“eatup”roughly70tonsofSNF.Thisamountaccumulatesin3to4yearsofoperationinatraditionalnuclearpowerstationofcomparablesize.Oursuggestedredesignwouldmakenuclearenergygenerationmuchmoreefficientandsustainable,asitcould“squeezeout”upto20timesmoreenergyfromalreadyspentnuclearfuel.ItwouldalsoeliminateanySNFasasourceofhighlyproblematicwaste.Creatingnuclearpowerstationsthatcanrunonexistingnuclearwasteisaworthyendeavor,andourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone.However,weneedalotofinnovativeandmultidisciplinaryresearchtoputthisvisionintoreality.“Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.ThenewoperationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwouldreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.Eveninscienceandtechnology,it’simportanttorealizewhenwehavetorethinkourcurrentapproachesandwhatouroptionsareforimprovement.Currentnuclearpowerstationshavebeencreatedwithpasttechnologiesandgoalsinmind.Nowadays,somepeopleclaim,theymightcreateoftenmoreproblemsthantheysolve.Weneedinnovativealternativestoprovidesustainable,safeandcleanenergyforgenerationstocome.31.Whentalkingaboutthemajorproblemsofnuclearpowerproduction,theauthortriestosay________.A.nuclearenergyisnotenvironmental-friendlyB.nuclearpowerplantsdeservetoberemodeledC.nuclearenergyisdangerousanddifficulttohandleD.nuclearpowerplantsarecomplexandhardtobuild32.Whatdoestheword“endeavor”underlinedinParagraph6mostprobablymean?A.attempt B.business C.candidate D.design33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theproposedreactorisfeasibleandlikelytobeputintouse.B.Theproposedreactoriseconomicalandoperationallyeffective.C.Theproposedreactorcansolvethemajorproblemspreviouslymentionedinthepassage.D.TheproposedreactorcanuseupSNFfrommanytraditionalreactorsofcomparablesize.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Nuclearwaste=fuelofthefuture?B.Nuclearproblems=effortstosolvethemC.Nuclearpower=cleanenergyforthefuture!D.Nuclearplants=innovationandmultidisciplinaryresearch【答案】31.B32.A33.B34.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对了核废料的未来利用的探讨。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“First,theminingofnuclearfueliscostlyandenergyintensiveandcausesmanyenvironmentalproblems.Second,nuclearenergyproductiongeneratessignificantamountsofradioactivewaste,whichisextremelydangerousifnothandledsafely.Finally,theentireprocessrequiresverycomplexandenergyintensiveinfrastructure(基建),whichcontributestoindirectgreenhousegasemissions.”（首先，核燃料的开采成本高，能源密集，并造成许多环境问题。其次，核能生产会产生大量的放射性废物，如果不安全处理，这些废物是极其危险的。最后，整个过程需要非常复杂和能源密集型的基础设施，这导致了间接的温室气体排放。）可知，使用核燃料不仅会产生环境问题，还会产生大量的放射性废物，如果处理不当，这些废物是极其危险的，充分说明了核电站在利用中应该考虑的不利结果，即作者想要说明核电站应该要得到改造。故选B。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“ourfeasibilityanalysisshowsthatitcanlikelybedone”（我们的可行性分析表明这是可能做到的）可知，我们的分析表明利用现在的核废料来建造核电站的方法是可能做到的，是值得尝试的，所以划线词的含义为“尝试”，故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Eatingup”radioactivewasteasfuelwouldeliminatethelong-termstorageproblemofcurrentnuclearwaste.Also,itwouldrelieveusfromthecostsandenvironmentaldamagesdonebyminingcurrentnuclearfuelandthecomplicatedprocessesrequiredforlongtermoperation.ThenewoperationalmodelwouldonlyconsistofmeltingtheSNF,operatingthereactor,andcleaningthefuelsalt.Allinall,itwouldreducemanyenvironmental,socialandpoliticalissuesofcurrentnuclearpowerproduction.Usingourcurrentnuclearwasteasfuelwouldallowustotakefulladvantageoftheclimate-friendlyaspectofnuclearpowergeneration.”（“全盘接受”放射性废料作为燃料将消除目前核废料的长期储存问题。此外，它将使我们从开采现有核燃料和长期运行所需的复杂过程所造成的成本和环境破坏中解脱出来。新的运行模式将只包括熔化SNF、运行反应堆和清洁燃料盐。总而言之，它将减少当前核电生产的许多环境、社会和政治问题。使用我们现有的核废料作为燃料将使我们能够充分利用核能发电对气候友好的一面。）可知，对现有的核废料全盘接受，当作燃料不仅可以消除核废料的长期储存问题，同时也能把开采核燃料时造成的成本和环境破坏中解脱出来，还能减少核电利用时产生的环境、社会和政治问题，使我们能够充分利用核能发电对气候友好的一面，说明这种方式不但经济而且有效。故选B。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章在第一段对比了化石燃料发电的问题和核电发电的优点；第二段描述了核电利用中的不足；第三段提出使用电脑和数学模型，利用核废料重新设计核电站的构想；第四、五、六段则描述了对这一构想的研究和实施的结果：使用提议的反应方式，它将减少当前核电生产的许多环境、社会和政治问题。使用我们现有的核废料作为燃料将使我们能够充分利用核能发电对气候友好的一面。最后一段提出：即使在科学和技术领域，重要的是要意识到我们何时必须重新思考我们目前的方法，以及我们有哪些改进的选择。我们需要创新的替代能源，为子孙后代提供可持续、安全和清洁的能源。所以，文章主要探讨的是对于核废料我们应该要创新。把其视为未来的能源，选项A符合题意，故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Haveyoubecomereallyinterestedinself-improvementlately?Thispursuitofmoreandbetterthings,whethertheybebette