高考英语听力解题法则之结构法则（Ⅱ）（学生版）

PAGE1PAGE高考英语听力解题法则Ⅲ——结构法则（Ⅱ）一：基础方法论述在高考听力考试中,我们从卷面上能看到每道题的题目及选项,因此,根据选项及题目推测问题的内容就显得尤为重要。通过分析选项我们发现,三个选项的结构或句式基本一致,且都有一些共同的规律。利用这些选项特点,再结合选项中的关键词语,我们可以预测出问题是针对什么提问的,并以此来判断我们的听音重点在哪里。下面是几种常见的选项结构特点、不同选项的考查类型以及相应的听音重点:选项结构考察类型听音重点形容词态度或评价形容词处地点场景地点表地点场景的关键词角色关系角色或关系表人物身份的关键词时间数字信息时间或数字的计算时间数字处二：例题讲解及思路分析例题Ⅴ：选项均以形容词开头选项均为形容词的题目一般可分为两类:一是考查讲话者的观点态度,此类题目一般需要综合推断才能得出答案;二是考查听力材料中提到的某人或某机构对人或事物的评价,此类题目只需捕捉关键词并找出选项中的近义词即可。1：WhatdidBenCarson'sclassmatesandteachersthinkofhimwhenhewasfirstatschool??选项分析AStupid.选项结构描述人物性格或特点的形容词BActive.考查类型对某一人物的评价CBrave.听音重点出现人物评价的地方以及相关形容词听力原文及翻译呈现：…..Tohisclassmatesandeventohisteachers,hewasthoughtofasthedumbestkidintheclass,accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories...根据原文分析：答案选择项例题Ⅵ：选项均为地点场景很明显,这类选项的问题考查的是“地点场景”。此类题目一般可分为两类,一是考查对话发生的地点或场景,二是考查某人所处的位置、曾经去过或将要去的地点。听录音时一方面要留意能够体现出选项中地点场景的标志词语,另一方面要留意与选项中地点场景相关的其他信息,做好笔记。有时,听力材料中可能会涉及多个地点,因此一定要留意不同地点对应的不同信息,并听清问题问的是什么,做到对号入座。2：Wheredoesthewomanliverightnow?选项分析AHolland.选项结构地点场景BIndonesia.考查类型对话发生的地点或场景、某人所处的位置、曾经去过或将要去的地点CEngland.听音重点与地点场景相关的标志词语听力原文及翻译呈现：W:Yeah,it'sreallyhard.That'stherealstrugglebecause,rightnow,IdoliveinHolland,butIreallydon'tsocializemuchwithDutchpeopleandmyboyfriend'sEnglishissogoodthatwejustbasicallyspeakEnglishallthetime...根据原文分析：答案选择项例题Ⅶ：选项均为角色关系选项为人物关系时,问题一般是考查对话双方的关系。选项为人物角色时,问题一般是考查听力材料中某个人物的职业或身份。听录音时要重点捕捉能够体现人物身份或者关系的关键词语,尤其要注意对话双方的称呼语,并留意双方的说话语气。3：WhatrelationisthewomantoMr.Cooper?选项分析A.Hiswife.选项结构人物关系或角色B.Hisboss．．考查类型对话双方的关系、人物职业或身份C.Hissecretary．听音重点表示人物身份或者关系的关键词听力原文及翻译呈现：W:Hello,ThomasBrothers.M:Hello,thisisMikeLandonhere.IsJackCoopertherebyanychance?W:Iamafraidnot,heisawayforadayortwo,backon,let’ssee,Mondaymorning.M:Oh,wellperhapsIcanleaveamessageforhim.W:Yes,ofcourse,justaminute.Now,let’ssee,toJackCooperfromMikeLondon.M:No,Landon,L-a-n-d-o-n.W:Sorry,yes,gotthat,andwhat’sthemessage?M:Wellit’sjustthis:couldhecometoameetingonMondayafternoonat5:00pm?W:That’sthiscomingMonday,October12th?M:Right,it’stodiscussthenewfactoryinFrance.W:Fine,I’vegotthat.IwillseethathegetsitassoonashecomesinonMonday.M:Good,thankyou,goodbye.根据原文分析：答案选择项4：Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?选项分析A.Bossandsecretary.选项结构人物关系或角色B.Hostessandguest.考查类型对话双方的关系、人物职业或身份C.Husbandandwife.听音重点表示人物身份或者关系的关键词听力原文及翻译呈现：W:Hello,HelenSmithspeaking.CanIhelpyou?M:Hello,thisisDavid.CouldIspeaktoMike,please?W:I'mafraidhe'snotavailableatthemoment.Wouldyouleaveamessage?M:Yes,I'mcallingtocancelthemeetingwescheduledforthisafternoon.W:OK.Letmetakethisdown.CouldIhaveyournameagain?M:Certainly.It'sDavidStone.根据原文分析：答案选择项例题Ⅷ：选项均为数字信息很明显,这类题目一般是关于时间、年龄、数量、价格等与数字相关的信息的考查。听录音时-定要留意听力材料中出现的数字以及各数字对应的信息,并做好笔记,而且一定要听清楚问题问的是什么。5：HowmuchmoredoesDavidneedforthecar?选项分析A.$5,000.选项结构时间数字B.$20,000.考查类型关于时间、年龄、数量、价格等与数字相关的信息C.$25,000.听音重点材料中出现的数字以及各数字对应的信息听力原文及翻译呈现：W:David,haveyousavedenoughforthecar?M:Ihave$20,000now,andthecarcosts$25,000.Myparentssaidtheywouldliketohelp,butIdon’twanttousetheirmoney.根据原文分析：答案选择项6：WhenwillthemanmeetMr.Stonethisafternoon?选项分析A.At3:00.选项结构时间数字B.At3:30.考查类型关于时间、年龄、数量、价格等与数字相关的信息C.At3:45.听音重点材料中出现的数字以及各数字对应的信息听力原文及翻译呈现：M:Ineedtotalkaboutmynewprogramwithhimbeforeheleaves.It’surgent.SowouldthisafternoonbeOK?W:Letmesee...OK.Mr.Stoneisfreethisafternoonafter3:00.M:Well,3:00isabitdifficult.ButIcouldmakeitafter3:30.W:So...shallwesayaquartertofourthisafternooninMr.Stone’soffice?M:That’sgreat.Thanks.M：在他离开之前，我需要和他谈谈我的新计划。这很紧急。那么今天下午好吗？W：让我看看...好的，斯通先生今天下午3：00之后就有空了。M：嗯，3：00有点难。但我可以在3：30之后到达。W：所以我们今天下午3.45在斯通先生的办公室里好吗？M：那太好了。谢谢。根据原文分析：答案选择项三：名校模拟题训练PassageA—Step1—听力选择练习听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhattimewillthewomanleavefortheSportsCenter?A.At5:30. B.At5:00. C.At4:30.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atthewoman'shouse. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inthemarket.3.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenewbook?A.Itssummaryisboring. B.It'sworthreading. C.Theplotisconfusing.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Aprogram. B.Anauthor. C.Abook.5.Whydoesthewomanwanttogotothegym?A.Tobestronger. B.Togetinshape. C.Tokilltime.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tointroducesometouristspots.B.Togetsomeinformation.C.Toissueaninvitation.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotothenaturalhabitat. B.Readthebrochure. C.Makeaphonecall.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whencanthewomanfinishherreport?A.ThisSaturday. B.ThisSunday. C.NextMonday.9.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Writeareportforhim. B.Treathimtodinner. C.Checkhisreport.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoesMichaelwanttoleavehiscompany?A.Hefailedtoaskforalongholiday.B.Heisn’tsatisfiedwiththesalary.C.Hehardlyhashisprivatetime.11.HowlonghasMichaelworkedinthecompany?A.4years. B.3years. C.2years.12.WhatdoesMichaelplantodofirstafterquittinghisjob?A.Findanewjob. B.Havesomelessons. C.Takeatrip.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhyisAlicefeelingunwell?A.Shehasaheadache. B.Shecatchesacold. C.Shegetsafever.14.WhatdidDanieldoinBeijing?A.Heattendedawedding.B.Hevisitedmanyplacesofinterest.C.Heheldameeting.15.WhatdoesDanielsuggestAlicedo?A.Takemedicineontime. B.TraveltoBeijing. C.Takesomewarmclothes.16.WhereisDanielgoing?A.Tohishome. B.Toaschool. C.Toarestaurant.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhatmadeDominguezopenherrestaurant?A.Thegovernment'sencouragement.B.TheinspirationfromaTVprogram.C.Theeagernesstobecomefamous.18.WhenwasDominguez'smansion(宅邸)built?A.In1937. B.In1987. C.In1994.19.WhatisthesecretofDominguez'ssuccess?A.Theloveforcooking. B.Thegraspofopportunities. C.Thedesireformoney.20.HowcanCuba'scuisinetourismdevelopaccordingtoAlicia?A.Chefsshouldstudyforeigndishes.B.Thegovernmentshouldinvestmoreinit.C.Localcuisineshouldbelargelypromoted.PassageA—Step2—听力填空拔高练Text1W:Hi,Eduardo,doyouknowwhattimethetoday?M:Hello!ItstartsatW:ThenIwillleaveanhourearlytoarriveontime.M:Okay,we'llseeeachotherText2M:Thankyouforinvitingmeoverfordinnerthisevening.W:You'rewelcome.Well,helpyourselftosomeshrimps.IboughtthemThey'resofresh.M:Mum...sodelicious.Text3W:I'vereadMoYan'snewbook.Imustadmitthatitisarealmasterpiece.M:Hmm...It'salittlehardformetounderstandtheW:Well,theplotisquitelogicalandnovelforme.Maybeyoucanreadthesummaryfirst.Text4M:Lily,didyouwatchthetalkshowonChannel?W:Ofcourse.Theshowisfantastic.Ithasintroducedmetomanyexcellentauthorsandgoodbooks.M:Icouldn'tagreemore.MyfavoriteauthorwillattendtheshowI’mlookingforwardtoit.Text5M:I'verecently.Ineedtogotothegym.W:I’llgowithyou.I’mgettingM:HowaboutweinviteLucy,too?Shetoldmeshedidn’tknowhowtokilltimeyesterday.Text6W:Hello.It'smyfirstdaywithmyhusbandhere.Iwouldlikeonthelocaltouristspots.M:Noproblem.Havealookatthisbrochureandseeifthere'sanythingyoulike.W:What'sthelike?M:It'sverygood.Ifyoudon'thavetimetogotothenaturalhabitat,youshouldgothere.W:Soundsgood.Myhusbandmustit.Oh,Ididn'tbringmycellphone.Couldyouringhim?M:Okay,tellmehisnumber.Text7M:Ican'tbelievewehavetofinishthereportIneedtospendthewholeweekendworkingonit.W:Yes,butIthinkIcanmakeitM:Maybeyoucouldwriteoneforme,too.W:Noway.Youwon’tlearnanythingifyoudon'tdoyourownwork.M:WhatifItreatyoutodinner?W:I’msorry.Butifyouwantmetolookoveryourreportbeforeyouhanditin,I’dbehappyto.M:Well,Iguessthat’sbetterthannothing.Text8M:Couldyouspareme,Cathy?W:Yes,Michael.What'sup?M:I’vedecidedtoquit.W:Oh,no.Isitbecausewe'removingoutofNewYork?M:Well,that’sonereason.Andthereisstillanotherreason.W:Isee.You'reunsatisfiedwiththesalary?M:No,I’mit.I’veworkedhereButIhaven'thadtimeforotherthings,especiallyintheIdon'tevenhaveaweekendnow.W:Oh,Iunderstand.Honestly,Icanifyouneedarest.M:Thankyou,butIjustwanttogivemyselfenoughtimetodowhatIlike.W:Well,whatcanIsay?I’mreallysorry.ButIunderstandyourdecision.Canyoutellmewhatdoyouwanttodoafter?M:Firstofall,Iwanttotakedrivinglessonsandgetacertificate.ThenIplantopayavisittoTibet.ThisisagoodplaceIalwayswanttogo.PerhapsIwillstaythereforbeforelookingforanewjob.W:Hmm...itisagoodarrangement.Thankyouforeverythingyouhavedonetothecompany.GoodLuck!Text9M:Hi,Alice.Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.Youdon'tlookverywell.W:Oh,Daniel.Myjustwentaway,butI’vegotacold.M:Pooryou.Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourhealthnow.Youmaywhenthecoldgets.W:Thanks.Iwill.I’mgoingtoattendaconferenceinBeijinginafewdays.Idon'tknowifI’llgetovermycoldthen.I’dbetterontime.M:You'reright.Oh,I’vejustcomebackfromBeijing.W:Didyoutravelthere?M:No.Itwasformysister'swedding.Bytheway,autumnistheoftheyearinBeijingandI’msureitwill.W:Soundsgood.Howistheweather?ShouldItakeanycoolclotheswithme?M:Well,thetemperaturevariesgreatlyfrommorningtoevening.You'llneedsomeW:Thanksalot.Areyouavailablenow?Shallwehavedinnertogether?M:Oh,I’dloveto,butmaybenexttime.Youreallyneedagoodrestnow.Andmyiswaitingformeinkindergarten.Text10LocatedatHavana'sPlaayadistrict,LaCocinadeLilliam,namedafteritsownerandcookLilliamDominguez,hasbecomeoneofthemost-visitedoutdoorrestaurantsforinternationaltourists.Thestorydatesbackto.DominguezwasinspiredbyaBraziliansoapoperaonTVandturnedherhouseintoagardenwheredinerscouldenjoytheflavorofthelocalcuisine.,diningismorethanjusteatingsincecustomerscangoonatouraroundthemansion,whereDominguezhaslivedwithherfamilysince“Cookingismypassion.Thatisthesecretofmysuccess,”saidDominguez.Cuba'scuisinemovementstartedintheInthebackgroundofeconomicandsocialtransformation,theprivatesectorappeared.Andthemovementhasgrownrapidlyoverthe.InCuba,thereare600,000employeesworkingfortheprivateareaontheisland.AliciaGarcia,aseniorfoodcriticsaidthathadthepotentialtodevelopcuisinetourismbutlocalcuisinemustbelargelypromoted.PassageB—Step1—听力选择练习第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分,满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.HowwillthewomanprobablygototheCityLibrary?A.Bybike. B.Bycar. C.Bybus.2.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Takearest. B.Boardtheplane. C.Leaveforthehotel.3.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toofferaninvitation. B.Tocancelacooperation. C.Tomakeanappointment.4.Howmuchdidthemanpayfortheelectrickettle?A.40dollars. B.20dollars. C.10dollars.5.Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Inagym. B.Inaclinic. C.Inaworkshop.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.Whendidthemancomeback?A.OnMonday. B.OnSaturday. C.OnSunday.7.WhatdidthemandoinLeeds?A.Hevisitedapark. B.Hedesignedaproduct. C.Hemadeapresentation.听第7段材料，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whydoesthemancometothewoman?A.Toaskforleave.B.Tomakeanapology. C.Toreportworkprogress.9.Whowillreplacetheman?A.Nobody. B.Richard. C.Sally.10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutfinishinghisworkontime?A.Doubtful. B.Hopeless. C.Confident.听第8段材料，回答第11至第13三个小题。11.Whatisthewoman’sconcernabouttheman?A.Hisideaofhonesty.B.Hisabsencefromclasses.C.Hisexplanationofbasics.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Joinahistoryclub. B.Memorizesometricks.C.Readuponsomebooks.13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Motherandson. C.Teacherandstudent.听第9段材料，回答第14至第17四个小题。14.Whatisthemandoing?A.Listeningtoatalk. B.Hostingatalentshow. C.Conductinganinterview.15.WhatdoesAnniedo?A.Sheisawriter. B.Sheisaphotographer. C.Sheisajournalist.16.WhatdoesAnnievaluemostinherjob?A.Curiosity. B.Generosity. C.Courage.17.WhatdoesAnniethinkofherjob?A.Well-paid. B.Rewarding. C.Difficult.听第10段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。18.WheredoesYangRuilive?A.Inthesuburbs. B.Inthecitycenter. C.Inaremotevillage.19.What’sYangRui’smainpurposeofrentingasmallvegetablegarden?A.Toreduceworkstress.B.Tohaveorganicvegetables.C.Toinvolvehiskidsinfarming.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.Apopularlifestyle. B.Alowcarbonfarm. C.Amonitoringsystem.PassageA—Step2—听力填空拔高练（听力原文）Text1W:IhavetototheCityLibrary.Mybikewasbrokenyesterday.M:Icangiveyouaride.W:It’sveryofyou.Text2Text3W:Hello,Mr.Hammer’soffice.ThisisCindy.M:Whenisheavailablethisweek?W:LetmeText4W:Ron,yourelectrickettlelookssosmart.Itmustbeveryexpensive.M:Goodeye,Jane.Guesswhat?SinceItoldmywifeitcostshehasbeencomplaining.ActuallythatisjusthalfofwhatIpaid.Text5M:Hi,areyoudonewiththisweightmachine?W:Yeah,Iam.Iwasjusttryingitout.IthinkImusthavedonesomethingwrong.Myareachingalready.M:MaybeIcanhelp.I’vebeenworkingouthereforText6M:Hey,Jane!W:Hey,John!Ididn’texpecttoseeyou.Didn’tyousayyouwouldbebackon?M:Yes,Idid.Buttheworkwascompletedaheadoftime.SoIcamebacktwodaysearlier.W:HowwasyourbusinesstripinLeeds?Wasyourproductpresentationsuccessful?M:Itwasgreatandthepresentationwasabigsuccess.Manycompaniessignedcontractswithus.W:It’ssocool.Youcanhaveaverynow.Text7M:Excuseme,Mrs.West.Doyouhaveamoment?W:Yes,Kevin.Whatisit?M:Ihopeyoudon’tmindmeasking,butwoulditbepossibleformetotakeacoupleofdaysoffon?W:Whathappened?Iseverythingokay?M:Well,Ineedtodosomehousepainting.W:Isee.Butyouknow,thisis.We’llhavetoaskSallyorRichardtocoverforyou.W:Great.Justremembertofilloutthe“LeaveRequest”form.M:Thanks,Mrs.West.Text8W:Dan,I’dliketohaveawordwithyou.M:Sure,Ms.Martha.W:Iknowyou’vemissedrecently.I’mgettingconcerned.Idon’twantyoutofallbehind,Dan.M:I’msorry,Ms.Martha,butthetruthisthatI’veneverbeengoodat.Tobehonest,Ifailedalmostallmyhistorytests.W:That’sokay,Dan.Sometimesyouneedtogobacktobasics.Onceyoudevelopsometricksfor,placesanddates,historyisaseasyasa-b-c.Youcanalwaysturntomeforhelp.M:Thanks,Ms.Martha.Iamplanningtoreaduponsomehistory.W:I’mgladyouaretakingyourstudiesseriously.Ifyouareinterested,youcanalsosignupforahistory.Ithinkitwouldhelpyoutokeepupwiththeotherstudents.M:Thanksforyoursuggestion,Ms.Martha.I’mhopingIcanyourclassinthenearfuture.Text9M:Annie,thankyoufortakingtimeoutofyourbusytojoinourtalk