大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷74（共230题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷74（共9套）（共230题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、长篇阅读(本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。)ObtainingLinguisticDataA)Manyproceduresareavailableforobtainingdataaboutalanguage.Theyrangefromacarefullyplanned,intensivefieldinvestigationinaforeigncountrytoacasualintrospectionaboutone'smothertonguecarriedoutinanarmchairathome.B)Inallcases,someonehastoactasasourceoflanguagedata—aninformant.Informantsare(ideally)nativespeakersofalanguage,whoprovideutterancesforanalysisandotherkindsofinformationaboutthelanguage(e.g.translations,commentsaboutcorrectness,orjudgementsonusage).C)Often,whenstudyingtheirmothertongue,linguistsactastheirowninformants,judgingtheambiguity,acceptability,orotherpropertiesofutterancesagainsttheirownintuitions.Theconvenienceofthisapproachmakesitwidelyused,anditisconsideredthenorminthegenerativeapproachtolinguistics.D)Butalinguist'spersonaljudgementsareoftenuncertain,ordisagreewiththejudgementsofotherlinguists,atwhichpointresourceisneededtomoreobjectmethodsofenquiry,usingnon-linguistsasinformants.Thelaterprocedureisunavoidablewhenworkingonforeignlanguages,orchildspeech.E)Manyfactorsmustbeconsideredwhenselectinginformants—whetheroneisworkingwithsinglespeakers(acommonsituationwhenlanguageshavenotbeendescribedbefore),twopeopleinteracting,smallgroupsorlarge-scalesamples.Age,sex,socialbackgroundandotheraspectsofidentityareimportant,asthesefactorsareknowntoinfluencethekindoflanguageused.F)Thetopicofconversationandthecharacteristicsofthesocialsetting(e.g.thelevelofformality)arealsohighlyrelevant,asarethepersonalqualitiesoftheinformants(e.g.theirfluencyandconsistency).Forlargerstudies,scrupulousattentionhasbeenpaidtothesamplingtheoryemployed,andinallcases,decisionshavetobemadeaboutthebestinvestigativetechniquestouse.G)Today,researchersoftentape-recordinformants.Thisenablesthelinguist'sclaimsaboutthelanguagetobechecked,andprovidesawayofmakingthoseclaimsmoreaccurate("difficult"piecesofspeechcanbelistenedtorepeatedly).H)Butobtainingnaturalistic,good-qualitydataisnevereasy.Peopletalkabnormallywhentheyknowtheyarebeingrecorded,andsoundqualitycanbepoor.Avarietyoftape-recordingprocedureshavethusbeendevisedtominimisethe"observer'sparadox"(howtoobservethewaypeoplebehavewhentheyarenotbeingobserved).I)Somerecordingsaremadewithoutthespeakersbeingawareofthefact—aprocedurethatobtainsverynaturaldata,thoughethicalobjectionsmustbeanticipated.Alternatively,attemptscanbemadetomakethespeakerforgetabouttherecording,suchaskeepingthetaperecorderoutofsight,orusingradiomicrophones.Ausefultechniqueistointroduceatopicthatquicklyinvolvesthespeaker,andstimulatesanaturallanguagestyle(e.g.askingolderinformantsabouthowtimeshavechangedintheirlocality).J)Anaudiotaperecordingdoesnotsolveallthelinguist'sproblems,however.Speechisoftenunclearandambiguous.Wherepossible,therefore,therecordinghastobesupplementsbytheobserver'swrittencommentsonthenon-verbalbehaviouroftheparticipants,andaboutthecontextingeneral.K)Afacialexpression,forexample,candramaticallyalterthemeaningofwhatissaid.Videorecordingsavoidtheseproblemstoalargeextent,buteventheyhavelimitations(thecameracannotbeeverywhere),andtranscriptionalwaysbenefitsfromanyadditionalcommentaryprovidedbyanobserver.L)Linguistsalsomakegreatuseofstructuredsessions,inwhichtheysystematicallyasktheirinformantsforutterancesthatdescribecertainactions,objectsorbehaviours.Withabilingualinformant,orthoughuseofaninterpreter,itispossibletousetranslationtechnique('Howdoyousaytableinyourlanguage?').M)Alargenumberofpointscanbecoveredinashorttime,usinginterviewwork-sheetsandquestionnaires.Often,theresearcherwishestoobtaininformationaboutjustasinglevariable,inwhichcasearestrictedsetofquestionsmaybeused:aparticularfeatureofpronunciation,forexample,canbeelicitedbyaskingtheinformanttosayarestrictedsetofwords.Therearealsoseveraldirectmethodsofelicitation,suchasaskinginformantstofillintheblanksinasubstitutionframe(e.g."I___seeacar."),orfeedingthemthewrongstimulusforcorrection("IsitpossibletosayInocansee?").N)Arepresentativesampleoflanguage,compliedforthepurposeoflinguisticanalysis,isknownasacorpus.Acorpusenablesthelinguisttomakeunbiasedstatementsaboutfrequencyofusage,anditprovidesaccessibledatafortheuseofdifferentresearchers.Itsrangeandsizearevariable.Somecorporaattempttocoverthelanguageasawhole,takingextractsfrommanykindsoftext;othersareextremelyselective,providingacollectionofmaterialthatdealsonlywithaparticularlinguisticfeature.O)Thesizeofthecorpusdependsonpracticalfactors,suchasthetimeavailabletocollect,processandstorethedata:itcantakeuptoseveralhourstoprovideanaccuratetranscriptionofafewminutesofspeech.Sometimesasmallsampleofdatawillbeenoughtodecidealinguistichypothesis;bycontrast,corporainmajorresearchprojectscantotalmillionsofwords.Animportantprincipleisthatallcorpora,whatevertheirsize,areinevitablylimitedintheircoverage,andalwaysneedtobesupplementedbydataderivedfromtheintuitionsofnativespeakersofthelanguage,thougheitherintrospectionorexperimentation.1、Somerecordingsaremadewithoutthespeakersbeingawareofthefact,thusinformantsarelessself-conscious.标准答案：I知识点解析：本题意为有时候说话人是在毫不知情的情况下被录音的，这样资料提供人会表现的自然一些。本题中speakersbeingawareofthefact为关键词。定位到I段的Somerecordingsaremadewithoutthespeakersbeingawareofthefact——aprocedurethatobtainsverynaturaldata，thoughethicalobjectionsmustbeanticipated．“有时候说话人是在毫不知情的情况下被录音的——通过这一方式可以获得极自然的材料．但是道德方面的反对意见也是预料之中的事。”题干中lessself-conscious对应原文的natural。2、Non-linguistsasinformantsarenecessarywhenworkingonforeignlanguagesandchildspeech.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干意为研究外语及儿童语言时有必要让非语言学家担当资料提供者。题干中non-linguists将答案定位在D段Thelaterprocedureisunavoidablewhenworkingonforeignlanguages，orchildspeech．“在研究外语及儿童语言的时候，第二种方式(非语言学家充当资料提供者)是不可避免的。”题干中necessary对应原文的unavoidable。3、Videorecordingshelptoobservespeakers’facialexpression.标准答案：K知识点解析：本题意为录像可以帮助观察说话人的面部表情。题干中videorecordings是关键词，锁定K段Afacialexpression，forexample，candramaticallyalterthemeaningofwhatissaid．Videorecordingsavoidtheseproblemstoalargeextent“例如一个面部表情就可以彻底改变一句话的意思。录像在很大程度上可以避免这样的问题”。4、Thelanguageoftheinformantsisinfluencedbysocialsituation.标准答案：F知识点解析：本题意为资料提供者的语言也受到社会情况的影响。题干中socialsituation是关键词，虽然原文没有出现过，但是联想到social出现在F段的socialsetting，便可以将答案定位在F段Thetopicofconversationandthecharacteristicsofthesocialsetting(e．g．thelevelofformality)arealsohighlyrelevant“对话的主题和社交场合的特征(比如正式程度)也极其相关”。5、Nocorpuscanevercoverthewholelanguageandsolinguistsoftenfindthemselvesrelyingontheadditionalinformationthatcanbegainedfromtheintuitionsofwhosewhospeakthelanguageconcerned.标准答案：O知识点解析：本题意为没有语料库可以覆盖所有的语言，所以语言学家经常发现自己需要依靠母语者的直觉补充信息。题干中的定位词是名词corpus和intuitions，出现在O段Animportantprincipleisthatallcorpora，whatevertheirsize，areinevitablylimitedintheircoverage，andalwaysneedtobesupplementedbydataderivedfromtheintu—itionsofnativespeakersofthelanguage，thougheitherintrospectionorexperimentation．“一个重要的原则是，无论大小，所有的语料库在覆盖面上都不可避免存在局限性，因此，它们总是需要通过内省或实验的方式，得到源自母语者直觉的资料补充。”6、Alinguistcanuseacorpustocommentobjectivelyonfrequencyofusage.标准答案：N知识点解析：本题意为语言学家可以用语料库对用法的频率进行客观的评价。题干中的关键词是“corpus”，“frequencyofusage”，可以定位到N段Acorpusenablesthelinguisttomakeunbiasedstatementsaboutfrequencyofusage，anditprovidesaccessibledatafortheuseofdifferentresearchers．“语料库使得语言学家能够对一种用法的频率加以客观陈述，而且还可以为其他的研究者所用。”题干中commentobjectively和原文unbiasedstatements对应。7、Convenienceisanadvantageforlinguistswhoworkasinformants.标准答案：C知识点解析：本题意为语言学家作为资料提供者的优势是方便。题干中的名词“convenience”，“informants”为关键词，对应到文章C段Often，whenstudyingtheirmothertongue，linguistsactastheirowninformants…Theconvenienceofthisapproachmakesitwidelyused，anditisconsideredthenorminthegenerativeapproachtolinguistics．“在研究本国语言时，语言学家本人往往充当资料提供者，这种方法因其便利性而被广泛使用，而且还被看作语言生成方式的规范。”8、Takingnotesonbodylanguagesupplementsaudiotaperecording.标准答案：J知识点解析：本题意为对肢体语言做记录，补充了磁带录音的方式。题干中的audiotaperecording为定位词，对应到J段Wherepossible，therefore，therecordinghastobesupplementsbytheobserver’swrittencommentsonthenon-verbalbehaviouroftheparticipants，andaboutthecontextingeneral．“因此如果可能的话，要对参与者的非语言行为以及整体语境做出书面评述，作为对录音的补充。”题干中bodylanguage是对原文中non-verbalbehaviour的同义转述。9、Recordinganinformantallowslinguists’claimstobechecked.标准答案：G知识点解析：本题意为录下资料提供者说的话可以使语言学家针对这些语言的某些论断变得可以接受检查。题干的recordinganinformant为关键词．可以和G段的tape-recordinformants对应起来，于是定位到G段Today，researchersoftentape-recordinformants．Thisenablesthelinguist’sclaimsaboutthelanguagetobechecked，andprovidesawayofmakingthoseclaimsmoreaccurate“如今．语言研究者通常都会为资料提供人录音。这就使语言学家针对这些语言的某些论断有据可查，并且提供一种方式使这些观点更为精确”。10、Interviewwork-sheetsandquestionnairescanbeusedtogeneratespecificdata.标准答案：M知识点解析：本题意为面试表格和调查问卷可以用来生成具体的数据。题干中interviewwork-sheetsandquestionnaires为关键词，定位到M段Alargenumberofpointscanbecoveredinashorttime，usinginterviewwork-sheetsandquestionnaires．“通过使用面试表格和调查问卷，我们能够在很短的时间里覆盖大量的知识点。”题干中specificdata对应原文中alargenumberofpoints。TheHistoryofEarlyCinemaA)Thehistoryofthecinemainitsfirstthirtyyearsisoneofmajorand,tothisday,unparalleledexpansionandgrowth.Beginningassomethingunusualinahandfulofbigcities—NewYork,London,ParisandBerlin—thenewmediumquicklyfounditswayacrosstheworld,attractinglargerandlargeraudienceswhereveritwasshownandreplacingotherformsofentertainmentasitdidso.B)Asaudiencesgrew,sodidtheplaceswherefilmswereshown,finishingupwiththe"greatpicturepalaces"ofthe1920s,whichrivalled,andoccasionallysuperseded,theatresandopera-housesintermsofopulenceandsplendour.Meanwhile,filmsthemselvesdevelopedfrombeingshort"attractions"onlyacoupleofminuteslong,tothefull-lengthfeaturethathasdominatedtheworld'sscreensuptothepresentday.C)AlthoughFrench,German,AmericanandBritishpioneershaveallbeencreditedwiththeinventionofcinema,theBritishandtheGermansplayedarelativelysmallroleinitsworld-wideexploitation.ItwasabovealltheFrench,followedcloselybytheAmericans,whowerethemostpassionateexportersofthenewinvention,helpingtostartcinemainChina,Japan,LatinAmericaandRussia.IntermsofartisticdevelopmentitwasagaintheFrenchandtheAmericanswhotookthelead,thoughintheyearsbeforetheFirstWorldWar,Italy,DenmarkandRussiaalsoplayedapart.D)Intheend,itwastheUnitedStatesthatwastobecome,andremain,thelargestsinglemarketforfilms.Byprotectingtheirownmarketandpursuingavigorousexportpolicy,theAmericansachievedadominantpositionontheworldmarketbythestartoftheFirstWorldWar.Thecentreoffilm-makinghadmovedwestwards,toHollywood,anditwasfilmsfromthesenewHollywoodstudiosthatfloodedontotheworldsfilmmarketsintheyearsaftertheFirstWorldWar,andhavedonesoeversince.E)FacedwithtotalHollywooddomination,fewfilmindustriesprovedcompetitive.TheItalianindustry,whichhadpioneeredthefeaturefilmwithspectacularfilmslikeQuovadis(1913)andCabiria(1914),almostcollapsed.InScandinavia,theSwedishcinemahadabriefperiodofglory,notablywithpowerfulepicfilmsandcomedies.EventheFrenchcinemafounditselfinadifficultposition.InEurope,onlyGermanyprovedindustriallycapable,whileinthenewSovietUnionandinJapanthedevelopmentofthecinematookplaceinconditionsofcommercialisolation.F)Hollywoodtooktheleadartisticallyaswellasindustrially.Hollywoodfilmsappealedbecausetheyhadbetter-constructednarratives,theirspecialeffectsweremoreimpressive,andthestarsystemaddedanewdimensiontoscreenacting.G)IfHollywooddidnothaveenoughofitsownresources,ithadagreatdealofmoneytobuyupartistsandtechnicalinnovationsfromEuropetoensureitscontinueddominanceoverpresentorfuturecompetition.H)TherestoftheworldsurvivedpartlybylearningfromHollywoodandpartlybecauseaudiencescontinuedtoexistforaproductwhichcorrespondedtoneedswhichHollywoodcouldnotsupply.Aswellaspopularaudiences,therewerealsoincreasingaudiencesforfilmswhichwereartisticallymoreadventurousorwhichdealtwiththeissuesintheouterworld.I)Noneofthiswouldhavehappenedwithouttechnology,andcinemaisinfactuniqueasanartform.Intheearlyyears,thisartformwasquiteprimitive,similartotheoriginalFrenchideaofusingalanternandslidesbackintheseventeenthcentury.Earlycinemaprogrammeswereamixtureofitems,combiningcomicsketches,free-standingnarratives,serialepisodesandtheoccasionaltrickoranimatedfilm.J)Withthearrivalofthefeature-lengthnarrativeasthemainattraction,othertypesoffilmsbecamelessimportant.Themakingofcartoonsbecameaseparatebranchoffilm-making,generallypractisedoutsidethemajorstudios,andthesamewastrueofserials.Togetherwithnewsreels,theytendedtobeshownasshortitemsinaprogrammewhichledtothefeature.K)Fromearlycinema,itwasonlyAmericanslapstickcomedythatsuccessfullydevelopedinbothshortandfeatureformat.However,duringthis"SilentFilm"era,animation,comedy,serialsanddramaticfeaturescontinuedtothrive,alongwithfactualfilmsordocumentaries,whichacquiredanincreasingdistinctivenessastheperiodprogressed.L)Itwasalsoatthistimethattheavant-gardefilmfirstachievedcommercialsuccess,thistimethanksalmostexclusivelytotheFrenchandtheoccasionalGermanfilm.M)Ofthecountrieswhichdevelopedandmaintaineddistinctivenationalcinemasinthesilentperiod,themostimportantwereFrance,GermanyandtheSovietUnion.Ofthese,theFrenchdisplayedthemostcontinuity,inspiteofthewarandpost-wareconomicuncertainties.TheGermancinema,relativelyinsignificantinthepre-waryears,explodedontotheworldsceneafter1919.YeteventheywerebothovershadowedbytheSovietsafterthe1917Revolution.Theyturnedtheirbackonthepast,leavingthestyleofthepre-warRussiancinematotheemigreswhofledwestwardstoescapetheRevolution.N)Theothercountrieswhosecinemaschangeddramaticallyare:Britain,whichhadaninterestingbutundistinguishedhistoryinthesilentperiod;Italy,whichhadabriefmomentofinternationalfamejustbeforethewar;theScandinaviancountries,particularlyDenmark,whichplayedaroleinthedevelopmentofsilentcinemaquiteoutofproportiontotheirsmallpopulation;andJapan,whereacinemadevelopedbasedprimarilyontraditionaltheatricaland,toalesserextent,otherartformsandonlygraduallyadaptedtowesterninfluence.11、Francehelpedsomeothercountriesdeveloptheirownfilmindustry.标准答案：C知识点解析：本题意为法国帮助其他一些国家发展了自己的电影业。本题中Francehelpedsomeothercountries为关键词，定位到C段的ItwasabovealltheFrench，followedcloselybytheAmericans，whowerethemostpassionateexportersofthenewinvention，helpingtostartcinemainChina，Japan，LatinAmericaandRussia．“法国人在推广电影的过程中热情最高，美国人紧随其后，在他们的帮助下，中国、日本、拉丁美洲和俄国建立了自己的电影院。”12、Cartoonsandserialswerenotgenerallymadeinmajorstudios.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干意为卡通片和连续剧不是在主流制片厂制作的。题干中cartoonsandserials将答案定位在J段Themakingofcartoonsbecameaseparatebranchoffilm-making，generallypractisedoutsidethemajorstudios，andthesamewastrueofserials．“卡通片的制作通常都在非主流制片厂完成．成为了电影制作的一个分支。连续剧也是如此。”原文的短语betrueof表示“符合于，对……适用”。13、TherestofthefilmindustryexistspartiallybecauseoftheexperiencetheydrawonfromHollywoodandpartiallybecauseoftheiruniqueabilitytosatisfytheneedofaudiences.标准答案：H知识点解析：本题意为其余的电影业能够存在，一部分原因是它们学习了好莱坞的经验，一部分原因是它们能够满足观众的独特需求。题干中therestofthefilm是关键词．锁定H段TherestoftheworldsurvivedpartlybylearningfromHollywoodandpartlybecauseaudiencescontinuedtoexistforaproductwhichcorrespondedtoneedswhichHollywoodcouldnotsupply．“好莱坞之外的电影业能够存活的原因，一部分是因为他们在向好莱坞学习．一部分是因为观众还需要一种产品来满足他们的需要，而这是好莱坞提供不了的。”14、Japanmademoviesbasedmoreonitsownculturethanoutsideinfluences.标准答案：N知识点解析：本题意为日本主要基于本国文化而非外部影响来制作电影。题干中Japan和ownculture是关键词，定位到N段的andJapan，whereacinemadevelopedbasedprimarilyontraditionaltheatricaland，toalesserextent，otherartformsandonlygraduallyadaptedtowesterninfluence“日本电影主要是在传统戏剧的基础上发展起来的，只有很少量地吸收了其他艺术形式”。15、Italywasthefirsttodevelopthefeaturefilm.标准答案：E知识点解析：本题意为意大利是第一个发展故事片的国家。题干中的定位词是Italy和featurefilm，出现在E段TheItalianindustry，whichhadpioneeredthefeaturefilmwithspectacularfilmslikeQuovadis(1913)andCabiria(1914)，almostcollapsed．“意大利的电影业曾开创了故事片的先河，其代表作有1913年出品的Quovadis和1914年的Cabiria，然而面对好莱坞的竞争也败下阵来。”题干中thefirst和原文的pioneered是同义转述。16、Americadevelopedslapstickcomedyinbothshortandfeaturefilms.标准答案：K知识点解析：本题意为美国的闹剧在短片和故事片中均有所发展。题干中的关键词是slapstickcomedy，定位到K段Fromearlycinema，itwasonlyAmericanslapstickcomedythatsuccessfullydevelopedinbothshortandfeatureformat．“早期的电影．只有美国的闹剧喜剧以短片和长片的形式成功地得到发展。”17、Inthe1920s,cinemawasanentertainmentasfavorableastheatresandopera-houses.标准答案：B知识点解析：本题意为20世纪20年代时，电影和歌剧、戏剧一样是受到欢迎的娱乐方式。题干中的1920s为关键词，对应到文章B段Asaudiencesgrew，sodidtheplaceswherefilmswereshown，finishingupwiththe“greatpicturepalaces”ofthe1920s，whichrivalled，andoccasionallysuperseded，theatresandopera-housesintermsofopulenceandsplendour．“当观众群越来越大的时候，放映电影的地点也日益增多．也创造了20世纪20年代的‘大照片宫殿’时期。在此期间，电影的魅力可与剧院和歌剧院相媲美，有时甚至要更胜一筹。”题干中的asfavourableas是对原文rivalled的同义替换。18、OneattractionofHollywoodfilmsisthelargenumberofsuperstarsitcreates.标准答案：F知识点解析：本题意为好莱坞电影的吸引力之一在于它打造的众多超级明星。题干中的Hollywood和stars为定位词．对应到F段Hollywoodfilmsappealedbecausetheyhadbetter—constructednarratives，theirspecialeffectsweremoreimpressive，andthestarsystemaddedanewdimensiontoscreenacting．“好莱坞电影之所以吸引人是因为有结构缜密的故事。让人印象深刻的特技和能给银幕表演增光添彩的明星体系。”题干中bodylanguage是对原文中non-verbalbehaviour的同义转述。题干中的名词attraction是对原文动词appealed的近义词替换。19、Francemadethemostmoneyfromavant-gardefilm.标准答案：L知识点解析：本题意为法国赚的大部分钱来自于先锋电影。题干的France和avant-garde为关键词，定位到L段Itwasalsoatthistimethattheavant-gardefilmfirstachievedcommercialsuccess，thistimethanksalmostexclusivelytotheFrenchandtheoccasionalGermanfilm．“也就是在这一时期，先锋电影开始取得了商业上的成功，这几乎完全归功于法国电影以及偶尔出现的德国电影”。题干中的mademoney和themost分别对应于原文中的achievedcommercialsuccess和almostexclusively。20、Americawasandstillisthebiggestproduceroffilmsintheworld.标准答案：D知识点解析：本题意为美国曾经是，现在仍然是全球最大的电影制造商。题干中America和thebiggestproducer为关键词，定位到D段Intheend，itwastheUnitedStatesthatwastobecome，andremain，thelargestsinglemarketforfilms．“最终，美国成为了全球电影的最大单一市场，现在仍是如此。”题干中biggestproducer是对原文中largestsinglemarket的同义转述。Micro-EnterpriseCreditforStreetYouthA)Althoughsmall-scalebusinesstrainingandcreditprogramshavebecomemorecommonthroughouttheworld,relativelylittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheneedtodirectsuchopportunitiestoyoungpeople.Evenlessattentionhasbeenpaidtochildrenlivingonthestreetorindifficultcircumstance.B)Overthepastnineyears,StreetKidsInternational(S.K.I.)hasbeenworkingwithpartnerorganizationsinAfrica,LatinAmericaandIndiatosupporttheeconomiclivesofstreetchildren.ThepurposeofthispaperistosharesomeofthelessonsS.K.Iandourpartnershavelearned.C)Typically,childrendonotenduponthestreetsduetoasinglecause,buttoacombinationoffactors:adearthofadequatelyfundedschools,thedemandforincomeathome,familybreakdownandviolence.Thestreetmaybeattractivetochildrenasaplacetofindadventurousplayandmoney.However,itisalsoaplacewheresomechildrenareexposed,withlittleornoprotection,toexploitativeemployment,urbancrime,andabuse.D)Childrenwhoworkonthestreetsaregenerallyinvolvedinunskilled,labour-intensivetaskswhichrequirelonghours,suchasshiningshoes,carryinggoods,guardingorwashingcars,andinformaltrading.Somemayalsoearnincomethroughbegging,orthroughtheftandotherillegalactivities.Atthesametime,therearestreetchildrenwhotakeprideinsupportingthemselvesandtheirfamiliesandwhooftenenjoytheirwork.Manychildrenmaychooseentrepreneurshipbecauseitallowsthemadegreeofindependence,islessexploitativethanmanyformsofpaid-employment,andisflexibleenoughtoallowthemtoparticipateinotheractivitiessuchaseducationanddomestictask.E)S.K.I,hasworkedwithpartnerorganizationsinLatinAmerica,AfricaandIndiatodevelopinnovativeopportunitiesforstreetchildrentoearnincome.F)TheS.K.I.BicycleCourierServicefirststartedintheSudan.Participantsinthisenterpriseweresuppliedwithbicycles,whichtheyusedtodeliverparcelsandmessages,andwhichtheywererequiredtopayforgraduallyfromtheirwages.AsimilarprogramwastakenupinBangalore,India.G)Anothersuccessfulproject,TheShoeShineCollective,wasapartnershipprogramwiththeY.W.C.A.intheDominicanRepublic.Inthisproject,participantswerelentmoneytopurchaseshoeshineboxes.Theywerealsogivenasafeplacetostoretheirequipment,andfacilitiesforindividualsavingsplans.H)TheYouthSkillsEnterpriseInitiativeinZambiaisajointprogramwiththeRedCrossSocietyandtheY.W.C.A.Streetyouthsaresupportedtostarttheirownsmallbusinessthroughbusinesstraining,lifeskillstrainingandaccesstocredit.I)ThefollowinglessonshaveemergedfromtheprogramsthatS.K.I,andpartnerorganizationshavecreated.J)Beinganentrepreneurisnotforeveryone,norforeverystreetchild.Ideally,potentialparticipantswillhavebeeninvolvedintheorganization'sprogramsforatleastsixmonths,andtrustandrelationshipbuildingwillhavealreadybeenestablished.K)Theinvolvementoftheparticipantshasbeenessentialtothedevelopmentofrelevantprograms.Whenchildrenhavehadamajorroleindeterminingprocedures,theyaremorelikelytoabidebyandenforcethem.Itiscriticalforallloanstobelinkedtotrainingprogramsthatincludethedevelopmentofbasicbusinessandlifeskills.L)Therearetremendousadvantagestoinvolvingparentsorguardiansintheprogram,wheresuchrelationshipsexist.Homevisitsallowstafftheopportunitytoknowwheretheparticipantslive,andtounderstandmoreabouteachindividual'ssituation.M)Smallloansareprovidedinitiallyforpurchasingfixedassetssuchasbicycles,shoeshinekitsandbasicbuildingmaterialsforamarketstall.Astheentrepreneursgainexperience,theenterprisescanbegraduallyexpandedandconsiderationcanbegiventoincreasingloanamounts.TheloanamountinS.K.I,programshavegenerallyranged.N)AllS.K.I,programshavechargedinterestontheloans,primarilytogettheentrepreneursusedtotheconceptofpayinginterestonborrowedmoney.Generallytherateshavebeenmodest(lowerthanbankrates.)O)ConclusionThereisaneedtorecognizetheimportanceofaccesstocreditforimpoverishedyoungpeopleseekingtofulfileconomicneeds.Theprovisionofsmallloanstosupporttheentrepreneurialdreamsandambitionsofyouthcanbeaneffectivemeanstohelpthemchangetheirlives.However,webelievethatcreditmustbeextendedinassociationwithothertypesofsupportthathelpparticipantsdevelopcriticallifeskillsaswellasproductivebusinesses.21、Formanyyoungpeoplewhoworkonthestreets,theymakealivingthroughhighlylabour-demandingactivitiesratherthanintellect-intensivetasks.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干意为，对于大多数街头工作的年轻人，他们通过做劳工来谋生，而不是通过那些需要脑力的工作。定位于D段首句，“many”对应“generally”，“makealiving”对应“earnincome”，“highlylabour-demandingactivities”对应“labour-intensivetasks”，均为近义词替换。22、Streetyouthsareabletosetupsmall-scalebusinesssupportedbyS.K.I,theRedCrossandY.W.C.Awithotheraidslikebusiness&lifeskillstrainingaswellascreditassistance.标准答案：H知识点解析：题干意为，国际流浪儿童组织与红十字会以及基督教女青年会发起的联合行动，通过商务培训、生存技能训练以及贷款帮助，来支持流浪儿童经营自己的小生意。根据关键词“S．K.I．，RedCross，Y．W．C.A”定位于H段。“setupsmall-scalebusiness”与“startsmallbusiness”，“creditassistance”与“accesstocredit”，均为同义替换。23、Involvingparentsandguardiansintotheprogramisbeneficialtoorganizationsinthatpartnerscanknowmoreabouttheyouths.标准答案：L知识点解析：题干意为，将监护人拉入到项目中对组织有好处，因为组织合伙人便能对年轻人有更多的了解。根据题干关键词“parentsandguardians”定位至L段，“beneficial”对应“advantages”，“understandmore”对应“knowmore”。原文“eachindividual”指的是那些流浪儿。24、Individualscanearnincomethroughdistributingbagsorlettersbybikeswhichshouldbepaidforfromtheirwageslater.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干意为，个人可以通过骑自行车分发包裹和信件来赚钱，但之后他们需要用自己赚的工资来支付自行车的费用。此题关键词为“bikes”，定位于F段，“distributebagsorletters”对应“deliverparcelsandmessages”，意为派送包裹与信件。25、Streetsyoungpeoplehavefewopportunitiestogetaccesstobusinesstrainingandcreditaid.标准答案：A知识点解析：题干意为，街头年轻人很少有机会获得商业培训和贷款援助。定位于A段，“relativelylittleattention…tochildrenlivingonthestreetsindifficultcircumstances．”尽管世界范围内的培训和贷款很普遍，但很少关注青少年群体，特别是流浪儿也需要获得这样的机会。言下之意，流浪儿很少能获得这样的机会。26、Thefactthatyouthsareattractedbystreetsresultingfrommanyproblems,suchasfewavailableschools,inadequatemoneyandviolenceathome.标准答案：C知识点解析：题干意为，儿童流离失所是因为很多问题所致，比如没有可上的学校、家庭经济负担和家庭暴力。定位原文C段首句，“childrendonotenduponthestreet…adearthofadequatelyfundedschools，thedemandforincomeathome，familybreakdownandviolence”，可知题干是此句的原意改写。27、Thechildrenarerequiredtopaybackslightlymoremoneythantheyborrowedduetothemodestrates.标准答案：N知识点解析：题干意为，因为较低的利息，儿童归还的钱只需比他们借的多一点。根据题干关键词“modestrates”定位至N段。所有的计划都会对贷款收取利息．但一般利息很低。可知，加之利息，还钱时要多出借钱时的数量。28、Neithereverybodynoreachstreetchildisqualifiedtoberunbusiness.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干意为，不是每个人和流浪儿都能胜任做生意。定位J段首句，“Beinganentrepreneurisnotforeveryone，norforeverystreetchild．”题干是此句的改写．“runbusiness”为“beinganentrepreneur”的近义替换。29、Moneyshouldbelenttostreetchildrentobothasameanstomakealivingandaspartofawiderprogramofaidlikedevelopinglifeskills.标准答案：O知识点解析：题干意为，应该给流浪儿给予经济援助，贷款不仅是谋生的一个手段，更是发展生存技能的一方面。此题是原文最后一段的大意概括。O段前半部分表明贷款对其的实际帮助，后半部分“however，webelievethatcreditmustbeextended…”即对应题干中的“awid