词性成分句子结构导学案初高中英语衔接课程

英语中，词性包括实词和虚词两大类实词包括:动词，名词，形容词，副词，代词，数词虚词包括:介词，连词，冠词。

作谓语的通常就是动词，所以通常说谓语动词。todo，doing，done不能单独作谓语通常叫非谓语动词。动词能接宾语为及物动词，不能接宾语的为不及物动词。

名词表示人或事物的名称，常用作主语，宾语和表语。形容词常修饰名词作定语或位于系动词后作表语。副词常修饰动词，形容词，副词，介宾短语及整个句子。

介词和名词或代词动名词常构成介宾短语可以作定语,状语,表语,补足语连词连接词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子，分为并列连词和从属连词冠词起限定名词的作用，不能单独存在，是依附名词的一种虚词。

句子成分包括：主，谓，宾，表，定，状，补，同位语。主语是句子主体,动作的执行者发出者,一般由名词和代词充当宾语表示动作的承受者,一般位于动词和介词后,有直接宾语和间接宾语之分，人或动物为间接宾语，物为直接宾语。动词和名词或代词常构成动宾短语，介词和名词，代词，动名词常构成介宾短语表语用以说明主语的身份特征和状态它一般位于系动词后构成系表结构常由名词,形容词,非谓语动词形式,介词短语等充当

定语修饰限制名词或代词,分为前置定语和后置定语，一般由形容词,形容词性物主代词,介词短语,非谓动词形式充当状语用于修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，在句子看到时间，地点，原因，方式，让步，条件，结果等要想到他们充当状语成分。宾补是补充说明宾语的，位于宾语后，和宾语一起构成了复合结构。

句子分为简单句，并列句，复合句。简单句基本结构：主谓[S+V]；主谓宾[S+V+O]；主谓宾宾[S+V+O+O]，主谓宾+宾补[S+V+O+OC]；主系表[S+L+P]。复合句又包括名词性从句，状语从句，定语从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。

谓语和宾语构成的叫动宾关系，也可称为被动关系。主语和谓语构成的叫主谓关系，也可称为主动关系。基础知识教材例句辨析人教版必修1WeleUnit1Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.2Ididn'tfeelawkwardorfrightenedatall.3MydreamistostartmyownITpany4Thelabisnewandthelessonwasgreat5I'manactivepersonandIlovesports6IplayputergamesifI'mnotbusystudying.

Unit1TeenageLife1Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.2MyadviserremendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.3Spendingtoomuchtimeonlineisunhealthyandmakesitverydifficulttofocusonotherthingsinlife.4Iamsurehewilllistentoyou，sinceyouarehisgoodfriend.

Unit2Travellingaround1AshortflightfromCuscotakesyoufromtheAndesintotheAmazonrainforest.2Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.3EnjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.4I'veheardthatitisanamazingsight

Unit31Oneofthebestplayershadbeeninjured，andtheteamcaptainhadtoleavebecauseofheartproblems.Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.Shehadfaceddifficultiesbefore，andsheknewthatheryoungplayerscouldwiniftheyworkedtogetherasateam.2Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.Jordan’sskillswereimpressive，butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.

Unit4StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.At3：42a.m.，everythingbegantoshake.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfellInthatareaalone,atleast1,870peoplewerekilled.Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.

Unit5

Hey,everybody,whatareyourbiggestproblemswithlearningEnglish?MybiggestheadacheishowtobepoliteinEnglish.Icertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly.第一讲词类考一考：说出下列句子中画线单词的词性和成分1.Thelibraryclosesat5:00p.m.2.TomandPeteraremyclosefriends.3.Myhometownisclosetoabigriver.4.Hegrowsmanybeautifulflowersinthebackgarden.5.Heaskedmetowalkbackthreesteps.6.Don'tspeaktomelikethat.7.LikehisbrotherJohn,Peterisinterestedinfinearts.8.Tomsaidthathewouldnotdothatagain.9.Keepstillwhenthedoctorisgivingyouacheckup.10.Itwasaveryunpleasantaffair.Still,wecan'tchangeit.11.Thismedicinehassomesideeffects.12.eandsitbymyside.

练一练：写出下列句子中画线单词的词性及含义1.Aprilisthetimetoplanttrees.2.Hisjobistostudythedifferencesbetweenthesetplants.3.Whenwillwereachourschool?4.Putthemedicineoutofthereachofthechildren.5.Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture.6.Doyouhaveanyexperienceofthistypeofwork?7.That'sthebestwineI'veever①tasted.It②tastessweet.Itdoesn'thaveabitter③tasteatall.8.Maybeyou're①right.Ithinkweallhavethe②righttospeakoutourplans③rightnow.9.Shedroppedthecupandit①brokeintopieces.Butdon'tworry——itnever②broketheatmosphereofjoy.Wewentonwiththepartyallnightwithouta③break.10.It'stimeto①restforawhile.We'dbetterhavea②rest.Tonightwe'llhaveenoughtimetowatchthe③restofthefilm.

第二讲句子成分主语谓语考一考：指出下列句子中的主语和谓语1.①Class②beginsateight.2.①Theteachers②arehavingameeting.3.Atfiveo'clock,①they②left.4.①Putupyourhandifyou②haveanyquestions.5.①Smoking②doesharmtoyourhealth.6.There①is②apenonthedesk.7.①Who②teachesyoumaths,XiaoHua?8.①Thisstory②happenedinLondon.9.①Therich②shouldhelpthepoor.10.Thisweekend,①someofus②aregoingtohaveapicnicwiththeteachers.练一练：指出下列句子中的主语和谓语1.①He②hasbeemoreandmoreinterestedinEnglish.2.①Theliving②shouldgoonwithhiswork.3.①He②practisesspeakingEnglisheverymornin4.①Thechild②hasbeenbroughtupbyhisgrandmother.5.①Tosee②istobelieve.6.①It②isnecessary③tohelphimout.7.①He②lookedafterthechildrencarefully.8.①Fourplusfour②iseight.9.①He②canspeakEnglishverywell.10.①Playingfootballinthestreet②isdangerous.

宾语表语考一考：指出下列句子中的宾语和表语，并指出他们的词性1.Theyvisitedanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainprevented①mefrom②arrivingatschoolontime.3.Howmany①dictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave②five.4.Ienjoylisteningtopopmusic.5.Shelooksunhappytoday.6.Heoftenwenthungryinthepast.7.HisjobistoteachEnglish.8.Timeis①up.Theclassis②over.9.Heremainedinpoorhealthallthoseyears.10.Theseapplestastesweet.

练一练：指出下列句子中的宾语和表语1.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.2.Heseemsinterestedintheplan.3.Hehanded①me②thenewspaper.4.Thewarwasover.5.Thewindowisbroken.

定语状语补语考一考：说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.Chinaisa①developingcountry,whileAmericaisa②developedcountry.2.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.3.Theboy①whoisshoutingthereis②herbrother.4.Lighttravelsmostquickly.5.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.6.Hegoestoschoolbybus.7.①Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustwork②harder.8.Don'tleavethewindowopen.9.Iheardhimgoout.10.HisfathernamedhimDongMing.

练一练：指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.Heisalovelyboy.2.thereare①manywomenteachersin②ourschool.3.①Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst②toentertheclassroom.4.Heisplaying①there②hapily.5.Ishallgo①there②ifitdoesn'train.6.ThestoryhappenedinBeijing.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8.Hisinglatemadehisteacherunhappy.9.Pleasekeepthedogout.10.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfunderthebed.

第三讲词类与句子成分考一考：根据单词所在的位置，判定下列画线部分单词的词性、意义和成分1.①Excuseme.Idon'twanttolistentoyouanymore.Idon'tthinkit'sagood②excuseforbeinglateforschool.2.The①scoresarehardtobelieve.TeamAhas②scoredeightgoals.3.Theguide①pointedtoared②pointonthemaptoshowuswherethetombis.4.WhenIfeltsomerain①drops②droppingonmyface,Iputonmyraincoat.5.The①soundfromthechurch②soundsverybeautiful.6.Sheisa①quietgirl.Hedoeseverything②quietly.7.Iaskedoneofmy①closefriendsto②closethewindow.8.Iwouldlikeabottleof①waterto②watertheflowers.9.ShewillgotoNanjingonafast①trainto②traintheplayers.10.Let'shavea①swimwithhisbrother,who②swimsveryfast.

练一练：单句改错1.Getupearlyisgoodforourhealth.2.Iwantgohomenow.3.Myfavoritesportisplayfootball.4.Thereisabirdsingsinthetree.5.Theboysitsovertherelikessinging.6.Thehousewasbuiltlastyearhasbeensoldout.7.Thegirlsaresingingovertherearemyclassmates.8.Myparentswantedhimworkhard.9.Iremembersawhimthatday.10.Isawhimwalkedintothebuilding.

第四讲简单句基本句型练一练：指出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语1.SheteachesEnglish.2.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.3.Theteachercorrectedherpoorpronunciationmorethanonce.4.StorytellinghasmuchstrengthinimprovingoralEnglishskills.5.HehasdecidedtoworkharderatEnglish.

练一练：指出下列句中的句式结构和句子成分【主系表】1.Hiswishistobeeascientist.2.Themotorisoutoforder.3.Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.4.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.5.Theplansoundsperfect.6.Thebooksareonthedesk.7.Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.8.Istayedawakeallthenight.9.TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.10.Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.

练一练：指出下列句子中的宾语和宾语补足语1.Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.Thewomancaughtherhusbandreadingherdiary.3.Myfathersawherstealthemoney.4.Ipreferyoutostaywithus.5.Youmayleavethechildinmycare.6.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspaperandbooksinthereadingrooms.7.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.8.Shefounditdifficulttodothethework.9.TheycallmeLilysometimes.10.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

第六讲句子类型练一练：用适当的并列连词填空1.Excusemeforbreakingin,__Ihavesomenewsforyou.2.hehelpmedothecleaning____Ihelphimwithhisphysics.3.Thecarbrokedown,_wehadtofindatelephone.4.Hurryup,_you'llbelate.5.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,___thegroundiswet.6.hehasn'tanymoney___I'mgoingtolendhimsome.7.heisclever,heoftenmakesmistakes.8.Putonmoreclothes,_you'llcatchcold.9.Hewasill,_hekeptonworking.10.Janewasdressedingreen__MarywasdressedinBlue

将两个简单句合并为并列句1.Ithasnomouth.Itcantalk.2.Youmusttellthetruth.Youwillbepunished.3.Hehasmanygoodfriends.Heisanhonestman.4.Mr.Liwenttohishometown.Mr.Wangwastakinghisclassinstead.5.Hewantstobeawriter.Iwanttobeascientist.

判断下列句子含有哪种从句，并用横线标出1.Whenyouseehim,pleasesayhellotohim.2.Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?3.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldus.4.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.5.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.6.WhileIagreewithyou,Ican'tgowithyou.7.HewaiteduntilIreturned.8.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.9.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.10.Hehidhisstorybooksothathisteachercouldn'tfindit.

知能闯关指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分1.①Thestudentsgotonthe②schoolbus.2.I①shallansweryourquestion②afterclass.3.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!4.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.5.Hefound①itimportant②tomasterEnglish.6.Doyouhave①anythingelse②tosay?7.Hebecameateacherattheageoftwentyone.8.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?9.①Itis②ourdutytokeepourclassroom③cleanandtidy.10.Wemustkeepitasecret.

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，并分析句子成分和确定复合句种类1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.11.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmydadonthefarm.12.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.13.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.14.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.15.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.

答案第四讲简单句基本句型练一练：指出下列句子中的主语、谓语和宾语练一练：指出下列句中的句式结构和句子成分【主系表】空练一练：指出下列句子中的宾语和宾语补足语空第五讲空第六讲句子类型并列句练一练用适当的并列连词填空1.but2.and3.so4.or5.for6.so7.Though8.or9.but10.while将两个简单句合并为并列句1.Ithasnomouth,butitcantalk2.Youmusttellthetruth,oryou'llbepunished.3.Hehasmanygoodfriends,forheisanhonestman.4.Mr.Liwenttohishometown,soMr.Wangwastakinghisclassinstead.5.HewantstobeawriterwhileIwanttobeascientist.

复合句练一练1.状语从句2定语从句3宾语从句4表语从句5主语从句6状语从句7状语从句8状语从句9定语从句10状语从句

知能闯关指出下列句子画线部分是什么句子成分1.①主语②定语2.①谓语②状语3.定语4.状语5.①形式宾语②真正宾语6.①宾语②定语7.表语8.宾语（间宾＋直