必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元培优综合测试卷

必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（2024·青海西宁·三模）It’smunityDayagain!TheeventthatMapleEstateresidentsareeagerlylookingforwardtoisjustaroundthecorner!Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.MapleEstatehasbeencelebratingmunityDayeverymonthformorethanayear.Bynow,wehopeallourresidentsunderstandtheimportanceofformingstrongbondswithourneighbours.Ifyouhavejustmovedtoourlovelyestateandhavenothadtheopportunitytoknowyourneighbours,youcandosobyjoiningatmunityDay!AugustHighlight:MapleEstateChefsCallallresidentswhoarekeentopracticeyourcookingskillsandletyourneighbourssampleyourcooking!Youwillbethestarsoftheupingevent!Visitmaplerc.sgformoreinformationandtoregisterforthisactivity.Kitchenequipmentandbasicingredientswillbeprovided.Youwillreceivea$50shoppingvoucherthatyoucanusetopurchaseotheringredientsfromMapleMartthedaybeforetheevent.Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024!Wearesureeveryonewillenjoythedeliciousdishes!Time:From10a.m.to6p.m,6Aug.,2024Place:MaplemunityClubEntry:FlashyourMapleResidentCard“MywifeandImovedtoMapleEstatewhenwegotmarried.Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.Eventhoughweknewthatourneighbourswerefriendlyandwouldsometimesinviteusfortheirgatherings,wewereoccupiedwithgettingthingsready.However,itwasn’tlongbeforewegrewcuriousaboutthemunityDaycelebrations.Afterwestartedattendingthemregularly,wemetmanyneighbours.Thefirsttimeweinvitedsomeofthemover,weplayedgamesthathelpedustogettoknowoneanotherbetter!”—Mr.Wang,aMapleEstateresidentsince20221．WhatdothemunityDayeventsaimtodo?A．Toteachhowtocookmeals. B．Todevelopmunityspirit.C．Tomeetdiverseneedsofneighbours. D．Tomakethemunitycleaner.2．WhatdoyouhavetodoifyouwanttotakepartintheMapleEstateChefs?A．Tosignupbefore21July,2024. B．Toprovidebasicingredients.C．Touseyourownkitchenequipment. D．Topayaregistrationfeeof$50.3．Mr.andMrs.Wangdidn’tsocializewiththeirneighboursmuchatfirstbecause______.A．theyspentalltheirtimeatworkB．theyweren’tinvitedforthegatheringsC．theywerebusybeautifyingtheirhomeD．theylackedinformationaboutthemunity【答案】1．B2．A3．C【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍munityDay的活动详情。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Asusual,theMapleResidents’mitteehasplannedaprogrammethatisdesignedtopromotemunityspirit.(一如既往，枫叶社区委员会策划了一个旨在弘扬社区精神的活动。)”可知，活动目的是为了培养社区精神。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据文章方框内“Remembertoregisterbefore21July,2024.(请记得在2024年7月21日之前注册报名。)”可知，如果你想参加枫叶庄园厨师大赛，你必须在2024年7月21日之前报名。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Forafewmonths,wespentallourfreetimeafterworkdoingupourhouse.(几个月来，我们把下班后的所有空闲时间都用来装修房子。)”可知，王先生和王先生太太起初不怎么和他们的邻居交往，因为他们那时在忙着装修房子。故选C。B（2024·湖南长沙·三模）In2009,KevinPearcewasattheheightofhisprofessionalsnowboardingcareerandboundfortheWinterOlympics.Butinaninstant,itcametoanend.Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.Itchangedthecourseofthethen22yearold’slife.Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.HisolderbrotherAdamquithisjobandmovedacrossthecountrytohelphimthroughrehab.Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”AdamPearcesaid,“Wewerelike,‘Weneedtofigureoutwhyandhowthatjusthappened.’”Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.“Ithinkpeoplefeelisolatedafterbraininjurybecausetheydon’tfeelable,andwhenyoudon’tfeelable,yougenerallyretreatbackinside.”Adamsaid,“Attheseretreats,peoplearegiventhespacetoleanintothosedeepchallengesandexpressthemandtalkaboutthem.”Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.“Connectionhappensquicklybecausethere’ssuchasharedmonunderstandingamongthegroup.”Adamsaid.“Oncesomeoneseessomeonebevulnerable,itinstantlyallowsthenextperson(tobe).Bytheend,peoplestarttoseevulnerabilityasasuperpower.”4．WhatpreventedKevinfromcareerdevelopment?A．Aseverebraincancer. B．Anewtrainingroutine.C．Adevastatingaccident. D．Asnowboardingtest..5．WhydidKevinstartdoingyoga?A．Topickupsnowboarding. B．Toregainrespect.C．Torecoverfrombraininjury. D．Tolearnhowtomeditate.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheLoveYourBrainFoundation?A．Costly. B．Ambitious. C．Diverse. D．Healing.7．Whatsectionofthewebsitemightthetextbefound?A．Natureanduniverse. B．Socialinnovations.C．Technologicaldiscoveries. D．Themagicalworld.【答案】4．C5．C6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了突发意外重伤的Kevin在瑜伽的帮助下逐渐恢复健康，Kevin和哥哥创办一个为脑部受伤人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服务的非营利性组织。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.(在训练中，他的头撞到了管子的边缘，导致了创伤性脑损伤)”可知，Kevin在训练中意外受伤，脑部重创。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Duringtraining,hestruckhisheadontheedgeofapipe,resultinginatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.(在训练中，他的头撞到了管子的边缘，导致了创伤性脑损伤)”、第二段“Hehadtorelearnhowtowalkandtalkandessentiallystartover.(他必须重新学习走路和说话，从头开始)”以及第三段“Heeventuallystarteddoingyoga,andhisfamilysawhowittransformedhimandgavehimasenseofhope:“ItwasthefirsttimeIremembersoclearlyingoutofaclasswithhimandjustseeinginhisfacethisnewexpression,thisnewperson.”(他最终开始练瑜伽，他的家人看到了瑜伽如何改变了他，给了他希望：“这是我第一次如此清楚地记得和他一起上完课，在他的脸上看到了这种新的表情，这个新的人。”)”可知，为了从脑部损伤中恢复，Kevin开始练习瑜伽，故选C。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ultimately,theorganizationaimstocreateasafespaceandsupportivemunitywherepeoplewithbrainrelateddisabilitiescanhealtogether.(最终，该组织的目标是创造一个安全的空间和支持性的社区，在这里，与大脑相关的残疾人可以一起治愈)”可知，LoveYourBrainFoundation是有治愈作用的。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Wantingtobringhopeandhealingtoothersthroughyogaandmeditation(冥想).AdainandKevincofoundedtheLoveYourBrainFoundationin2014.ThenonprofitoffersweeklongmeditationsandmunitybasedyogaclassesacrosstheUnitedStatesforpeoplewhoarelivingwithlongtermbrainrelateddisabilities.(希望通过瑜伽和冥想给他人带来希望和治愈。Adain和Kevin在2014年共同创立了“爱你的大脑”基金会。这家非营利组织在美国各地为长期患有脑相关残疾的人提供为期一周的冥想和社区瑜伽课程)”以及文章内容可知，本文讲述了两兄弟创办一个为脑部受伤人群提供瑜伽、冥想等服务的非营利性组织，这属于社会创新范畴。故选B。C（2024·广东广州·三模）InSwitzerland,anambitiousproposalcouldseetheconstructionofanexpansiveundergroundnetworkthroughwhichselfdrivingpods(吊舱)wouldtransportgoodsacrossthecountry.Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(货物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(枢纽)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin,earlierin2023CSTbeganitspreliminaryworkinthefield—exploratorydrillingalongtheHärkingenNiederbipproute.ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.Althoughahugeamountoffundingstillneedstobefound,muchofthetechnologyfortheautomationandoperationofthenetworkalreadyexists.Anotherkeychallengeisworkingouthowtotransportfreightabovegroundfromthetunnelstostoresincities—withoutaddingtoroadtraffic.Despiteallthehurdles,PatrikAellig,headofmunicationforCST,remainsoptimistic.CSTis“attheforefront”ofundergroundfreighttransport.8．WhatmainlyledtotheprojectCST?A．Expensivetruckdrivers. B．Seriousshortageoffuel.C．Environmentalconcern. D．Heavyfreighttransportation.9．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A．Topresentthewaythenetworkwillwork. B．Toprovideablueprintofthenetwork.C．Toprovetheefficiencyofthenetwork. D．Toshowtheadvancementofthenetwork.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preliminary”meaninparagraph4?A．Innovative. B．Significant. C．Preparatory. D．Constructive.11．WhatisagreatchallengeforCST?A．Absenceoffund. B．Lackoftechnology.C．Lastmiledelivery. D．Transportsafety.【答案】8．D9．B10．C11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了瑞士要建设一个庞大的地下网络，在全国范围内运输货物。8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Theproject,calledCargoSousTerrain(CST),isintendedtoreducetherelianceontrucksformovingcargo.Globaldemandforfreight(货物)transportationisgrowing,justasmuchoftheworldisseeingashortageoftruckdrivers.Meanwhile,higherfuelpriceshavemaderoadtransportationmoreexpensive,whiletransportingfreightbyroadaccountsforaround6%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.(该项目被称为货运地面（CST），旨在减少对卡车运输货物的依赖。全球货运需求正在增长，就像世界上许多地方出现卡车司机短缺一样。与此同时，燃料价格上涨使得公路运输成本更高，而公路货运占全球二氧化碳排放量的6%左右)”可知，严重的货物运输压力主要导致了CST项目。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Ifbuilt,thenetworkwouldstretchroughly500kilometersfromGenevainthewestofSwitzerlandtoSt.Galleninthenortheast,andbepletedaround2045.Thenetworkoftunnelswillbe40to80metersbelowgroundandtheautonomouspodswilldrivealongthreelanesataround30kilometersperhour.Andthecargowillbeloadedandunloadedatdesignatedhubs(枢纽)employingliftstotakegoodstoandfromthesurface.(如果建成，该网络将从瑞士西部的日内瓦延伸到东北部的圣加仑，全长约500公里，并将于2045年左右完工。隧道网络将位于地下40至80米，自动驾驶舱将以每小时30公里的速度沿着三条车道行驶。货物将在指定的集散地装卸，使用升降机将货物运送到地面)”可知，作者在第3段打算提供网络的蓝图。故选B。10．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“TheprojectwasapprovedbytheSwissgovernmentin2021.Althoughthere’salongwaytogobeforeconstructioncanbegin”可知，该项目于2021年获得瑞士政府批准，而在施工开始之前还有很长的路要走，说明2023年初进行的是准备性的工作。故划线词意思是“准备性的”。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“ThebiggestchallengeforCSTwillbetheexpense.CSTestimatesthatitwillcostaround30billionSwissFrancs($34billion)fortheentirenetwork.Theprojectwillbeentirelyprivatelyfunded,withinvestorsincludingCreditSuisse,Coop,andSiemens.(CST面临的最大挑战将是费用。CST估计整个网络将耗资约300亿瑞士法郎(340亿美元)。该项目将完全由私人投资，投资者包括瑞士信贷、Coop和西门子。虽然还需要大量的资金，但大部分网络自动化和运营的技术已经存在)”可知，CST面临的最大挑战是缺乏资金。故选A。D（2024·河南信阳·模拟预测）Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcement(强化)learning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(协议)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模拟)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.Accordingtothepany,Eurekadoesn’tneedplicatedremindersorevenprewrittenpatterns;instead,itsimplybeginsexperimentingwithaprogram,andthenfollowsanyexternalhumanfeedback.Inthepany’sannouncement,Linxi“Jim”Fan,aseniorresearchscientistatNVIDIA,describedEurekaasauniquebinationofLLMsandsimulationprogramming.“WebelievethatEurekawillenablerobotstocontrolitemsflexiblyandprovideanewwaytoproducephysicallyrealisticanimationsforartists,”Fanadded.Aftertestingitstrainingprotocolwithinanadvancedsimulationprogram,EurekathenanalyzesitscollecteddataanddirectstheLLMtofurtherimproveuponitsdesign.Theresultisaprotocolcapableofsuccessfullynumberingavarietyofrobotichanddesignstooperatescissors,turnpensandopencupboardswithinaphysicsaccuratesimulatedenvironment.Eureka’salternativestohumanwrittentrialanderrorlearningprogramsaren’tjusteffective—inmostcases,they’reactuallybetterthanthoseauthoredbyhumans.Intheteam’sopensourceresearchpaperfindings,Eurekadesignedrewardprogramsoutperformedhumans’codeinover80percentofthetasks—amountingtoanaverageperformanceimprovementofover50percentintheroboticsimulations.“Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”12．WhyisAIusedforthetraining?A．Tosimplifyrobots’tasks. B．ToadvertiseOpenAI’sGPT4.C．Tospeedupthetrainingprocess. D．Torecognizeartists’roleinartcreation.13．WhatdoesEurekaneedtodointhetraining?A．Designrewardprograms. B．Copyprewrittenpatterns.C．Getplicatedreminders. D．Avoidhumanintervention.14．HowdoesAnimaAnandkumarfindEureka?A．Itisstillpoorattherewarddesign. B．Itshouldlearnfromhardtasks.C．Ithasfewchallengestosolve. D．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Trialanderrorlearningprogramsarepromising.B．Robotscanfinishplextasksthroughlearning.C．Reinforcementlearningimprovesroboticsimulations.D．AIcanbetterteachasimulatedrobotichandtoperformtasks.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．D【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了NVIDIA研究团队使用OpenAI的GPT4大型语言模型来训练一个名为Eureka的AI代理，该代理能够自主编写基于奖励的强化学习软件代码，并成功指导模拟的机器人手执行近30项复杂任务。文章详细描述了Eureka的工作原理、优势以及在模拟环境中的测试结果，并通过实验数据展示了Eureka编写的奖励程序在大部分任务上超越了人类编写的代码。12．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Researchersaretrainingrobotstoperformanevergrowingnumberoftasksthroughtrialanderrorreinforcementlearning,whichisoftenlaboriousandtimeconsuming.

Tohelpout,humansarenowemployinglargelanguagemodel(LLM)AI.

(研究人员正在训练机器人通过试错强化学习来完成越来越多的任务，而这种学习通常既费力又耗时。为了提供帮助，人类现在正在使用大型语言模型（LLM）人工智能。)”可知，使用AI进行训练是为了加快训练过程。故选C。13．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“NVIDIA’snew“AIagent”EurekausesGPT4byaskingthelargelanguagemodeltowriteitsownrewardbasedreinforcementlearningsoftwarecode.(NVIDIA的新“人工智能代理”Eureka使用GPT4，要求大型语言模型编写自己的基于奖励的强化学习软件代码。)”可知，Eureka在训练中需要设计奖励程序。故选A。14．推理判断题。由文章最后一段““Reinforcementlearninghascontributedtoimpressivewinsoverthelastdecade,yetmanychallengesstillexist,suchasrewarddesign,whichremainsatrialanderrorprocess,”saidAnimaAnandkumar,anAIresearcher.“Eurekaisthefirststeptowarddevelopingnewalgorithms(算法)thatintegrategenerativeandreinforcementlearningmethodstosolvehardtasks.”(人工智能研究员AnimaAnandkumar表示：“在过去十年中，强化学习取得了令人印象深刻的胜利，但仍然存在许多挑战，比如奖励设计，这仍然是一个反复试验的过程。”“Eureka是开发新算法的第一步，它将生成和强化学习方法整合在一起，以解决困难的任务。”)”可知，AnimaAnandkumar认为Eureka具有开创性意义。故选D。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“AteamatNVIDIAResearchdirectedanAIprotocol(协议)poweredbyOpenAI’sGPT4toteachasimulation(模拟)ofarobotichandnearly30plextasks,includingthrowingaball,pushingblocks,pressingswitches,andsomeotherseriouslyimpressiveabilities.(NVIDIAResearch的一个团队指导了一项由OpenAI的GPT4驱动的人工智能协议，以教授模拟机械手近30个复杂任务，包括扔球、推积木、按开关和其他一些令人印象深刻的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述AI能够更好地教会模拟机械手执行任务。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）It’snormalforteenagerstofeelnervous,butifnervousnesspreventsyoufromspeakingupinclassormakingfriends,youmayhaveamonconditionknownassocialanxietydisorder.Toovereit,youneedtotakesomemeasures.Practicedeepbreathingtoeaseanxiety.Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.16Trytomakeeyecontactandsmileatpeople.Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.17Brieflymakingeyecontactandflashingasmilehelpsyouseemcool,sotheymayeupandtalktoyou.Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.18Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.What’smore,creativeactivitiesalsoallowyoutoreleaseanxietyandturnitintosomethingspecial,likeasongorapainting.19Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings(兄弟姐妹)yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.Sharesomeofyourfearsandaskthemforsupport.Forexample,youmightaskyoursiblingifit’sokaytositwiththematlunchsoyou’renoteatingalone.Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.20Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.Forexample,youmightstartexposingyourselftoeatinginmonareasatschool.A．Signupforaband,drama,orart.B．Talktotrustedonesandaskfortheirhelp.C．Thus,avoidfacetofacemunicationatfirst.D．Youcan’texpecttobefreeofanxietyovernight.E．Youcanstartbytryingtopresentyourselfasapproachable.F．Sitdownwithatrustedpersonandlistthesituationsthatcauseanxiety.G．Thisisahandytoolyoucanalwaysusetogetahandleonyouranxiety.【答案】16．G17．E18．A19．B20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何克服社交焦虑提出了一些建议。16．根据上文“Ifanxietyhitsbeforeapresentationorrightbeforethebellringstochange,takeafewdeepbreathstocalmdown.”（如果焦虑在演讲前或在改变的铃声响起之前袭来，做几次深呼吸以平静下来。）可知，选项承接上文说明深呼吸的作用。故G选项“这是一个方便的工具，你可以用它来控制你的焦虑。”切题。故选G项。17．根据上文“Makingcasualconversationwithotherkidsatschoolmayseemtoodifficult.”（在学校里与其他孩子随意交谈似乎太难了）可知，空格处承接上文说明如何使交谈变得容易。选项E“你可以从试着表现自己平易近人开始开始”切题。故选E项。18．根据上文“Channelyouranxietyintoacreativeactivity.”（将你的焦虑转化为创造性的活动）和下文“Theseactivitiesnotonlybringaboutpositiveselfworth,butthey’llalsotemporarilytakeyouawayfromworries.”（这些活动不仅会带来积极的自我价值，还会暂时让你远离烦恼）可知，选项承上启下具体说明是哪些活动。故A选项“报名参加乐队、戏剧或艺术活动”切题。故选A项。19．根据下文“Ifyouhavefriendsorsiblings（兄弟姐妹）yourage,considertalkingtothemaboutsocialanxiety.”（如果你有同龄的朋友或兄弟姐妹，可以考虑和他们谈谈社交焦虑。）可知，本段在讲要向信任的人寻求帮助。故B选项“和你信任的人谈谈，寻求他们的帮助”切题。故选B项。20．根据上文“Practiceexposingyourselftofearsomesituationsgradually.”（逐渐练习让自己暴露在可怕的环境中）和下文“Makeaplantoexposeyourselftothesesituations,startingwiththosecausingtheleastanxiety.”（制定一个计划，让自己接触这些情况，从那些引起最少焦虑的情况开始。）可知，选项承上启下说明具体的做法是什么。故F选项“和一个值得信任的人坐下来，列出导致焦虑的情况。”切题。故选F项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003.I'dneversetfootin21before.I'vealwaysbeena(n)22—I'veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician—butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthe23towersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbe24.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkabout.edy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle25Icoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinally26thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewould27ofme.InNewYork,ediansare28youngmenwithbeards.It'shardenoughto29throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearly30toseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewas31ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.Iwas32.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldeuptome,sayingwhata(n)33Iam,Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhenthey34myage,I'mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakea35seatinlife.21．A．edy B．tragedy C．drama D．mime22．A．audience B．performer C．worker D．producer23．A．modern B．beautiful C．grand D．picturesque24．A．entertained B．seen C．active D．public25．A．exercise B．practice C．training D．meditation26．A．heldon B．gottogether C．tookup D．pluckedup27．A．make B．bee C．approve D．allow28．A．exclusively B．typically C．rarely D．occasionally29．A．pull B．see C．get D．break30．A．amused B．expected C．surprised D．indifferent31．A．silence B．hesitation C．disbelief D．applause32．A．bored B．addicted C．disinterested D．unexpected33．A．reminder B．motivatione C．challenge D．inspiration34．A．reach B．arrive C．approach D．surpass35．A．dominant B．leading C．back D．passive【答案】21．A22．B23．C24．A25．C26．D27．A28．B29．D30．C31．A32．B33．D34．A35．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名喜剧演员，在老年时期重新开始了表演生涯的经历，尽管面对年龄和性别上的挑战，她通过勇气和决心克服了困难，并赢得了观众的喜爱和尊重。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未涉足过喜剧。A.edy喜剧；B.tragedy悲剧；C.drama戏剧；D.mime哑剧表演。由上文“Iwas68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedianin2003”中的edian可知，作者以前从未涉足过喜剧俱乐部。故选A项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直是一名表演者—我曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家—但这一切都在9/11之后结束了。A.audience观众；B.performer表演者；C.worker工人；D.producer生产商。由下文“I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician”可知，作者曾经是一名歌手、演员和音乐家，一直是一名表演者。故选B项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我住在纽约，我们看着宏伟的塔楼从我的公寓楼倒塌。A.modern现代的；B.beautiful美丽的；C.grand宏伟的；D.picturesque优美的。由上文“9/11”和常识可知，9/11事件中恐怖分子劫持客机撞击世贸大厦，宏伟的塔楼被撞倒塌。故选C项。24．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之后的一年里，没有人想出去或娱乐。A.entertained娱乐；B.seen看见；C.active积极的；D.public公共的。由下文“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittle____5__Icoulddoit.”可知，911恐怖袭击后人们回避外出或娱乐活动。故选A项。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到人们需要笑，重新享受生活，并认为只要一点训练我就能做到。A.exercise锻炼；B.practice练习；C.training训练；D.meditation冥想。由下文“Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine(我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路)”可知，作者认为开始喜剧表演只需稍加训练。故选C项。26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我上了几节课，试着找出一些套路，最后鼓起勇气站上舞台。A.heldon继续；B.gottogether聚在一起；C.tookup占据；D.pluckedup鼓起勇气、振作。由下文“thecouragetogetuponstage”和“Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.(第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者初涉喜剧，感到害怕，所以要鼓起勇气站上舞台。故选D项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道观众会怎么看我。A.make制作；B.bee变成；C.approve批准；D.allow允许。由上文“finally6thecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying(最后鼓起勇气站上舞台。第一次太可怕了)”可知，作者第一次站在喜剧舞台上感到害怕，需要鼓起勇气站上舞台，该空应表明作者产生此种心理的原因，担忧观众对自己的看法，makeof(看待)。故选A项。28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。A.exclusively唯一地；B.typically通常；C.rarely很少；D.occasionally偶尔。由下文“It'shardenoughto____9____throughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother”可知，作者已经上了年纪的老妇人，要成为喜剧演员是一件非常难以突破的事情，难在喜剧演员通常是“youngmenwithbeards”可知，此处指喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人。故选B项。29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个女人很难突破，对于一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人来说更是如此。A.pull拉动；B.see看见；C.get得到；D.break打破。由上文“InNewYork,ediansare8youngmenwithbeards.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是男性，所以作为一位上了年纪的女性，很难取得突破(breakthrough)。故选D项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们看到我显然很惊讶。A.amused好笑的；B.expected预期的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.indifferent漠不关心的。由上文“InNewYork,ediansare8youngmenwithbeards.(在纽约，喜剧演员通常是留胡子的年轻人)”和“someoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother(一个年纪大到已经是他们祖母的人)”可知，喜剧演员一般是年轻男性，而作者是一位上了年纪的女性，所以她的登台会让观众感到惊讶。故选C项。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一片沉默。A.silence沉默；B.hesitation犹豫；C.disbelief不相信；D.applause掌声。由下文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但当我讲到第三句话时，人们都笑得合不拢嘴)”中“But”可知，上下文有转折关系，下文讲说到第三句话时人们都在笑，说明在此之前大家都保持沉默，构成转折。故选A项。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我上瘾了。A.bored无聊的；B.addicted上瘾的；C.disinterested客观的；D.unexpected出乎意料的。由上文“ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing.(但当我讲到第三句话时，人们都笑得合不拢嘴)”以及下文“Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100”可知，大家认可作者讲的笑话，作者从第一次上舞台感到紧张到现在可以在100人面前表演整整一个小时，说明作者有成就感，所以对表演喜剧上瘾了。故选B项。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：演出结束后，年轻人和老年人都走到我面前，说我是一个多么鼓舞人心的人。A.reminder提醒；B.motivation动机；C.challenge挑战；D.inspiration鼓舞人心的人(或事物)。由下文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme(他们说，他们想和我一样活跃)”可知，作者的行为鼓舞了看表演的年轻人和老年人，他们才会想要成为和作者一样活跃的人。故选D项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们说，当他们达到我的年龄时，他们想和我一样活跃。A.reach到达；B.arrive到达；C.approach接近；D.surpass超过。由上文语境可知，高龄的作者仍然活跃在舞台上，再结合上文“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasme”可知，看表演的年轻人和老年人想到达我的年龄时跟我一样活跃，及物动词reach后面直接加宾语，arrive为不及物动词。故选A项。35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴我能证明，作为一个老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二线。A.dominant占主导地位的；B.leading主要的；C.back后面的；D.passive被动的。由上文语境可知，高龄的作者仍然活跃在舞台上，并未在生活中退居二线，takeabackseat(让权于他人、退居次要位置)。故选C项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)（2024·山东济南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Larou,orpreservedmeat,isawinterseasonspecialtyinChina.Theyarecustomarilymadeduringthelastlunarmonthonthe36(tradition)Chinesecalendarwhenthetemperatureiscool37notfreezingtodryandpreservethesestaples.Larou,generallyreferstoporkproductswhileothercuredmeat,lawei,ismadeacrossChina38(depend)onlocalavailability,usinggoose,duck,rabbit,andevenseafood.Thepreservedmeat39(consider)aformofculturalheritageinmanyplaces.Similartobacon,theChinesepreservedmeatismadewithlargequantitiesofsalt,someof40aresmokedoverwithfire41(achieve)moreflavor.TherearemanykindsofpreservedmeatinChinawith42(incredible)diverseingredientsandrecipes,bringingawiderangeofflavorsfromsweettohot.Eachregionhasitsownseasoningandflavorprofile.TheCantonese43(vary)issweet,flavoredwithsugar,ricewine,andsoysauce.InSichuan,ittendstobehotter,seasonedwithchilipepperandSichuanpepperpowder.Bothofthemaregreatchoices44ingredientsfordisheslikefriedriceandvegetablestirfry.CuredpoultryproductsaremonlyfoundinSouthChina.Theyareslaughtered,butchered,andrubbedwithalcoholbeforesalting,which45(dry)outthemeatandpreventsbacteriagrowingonit.【答案】36．traditional37．but/yet38．depending39．isconsidered40．which41．toachieve42．incredibly43．variation44．as45．dries【导语】本文是一篇