48 Task 3 Installation and Simple Application of LaravelPHP动态网站开发项目教程课件

Project3OverwritetheMemberAdministrationSystemwiththePHPFrameworkLaravelTask3InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravelSchoolofSoftware,ChengduPolytechnicLecturer:MuQichunInstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravelLaravelisanopen-sourcePHPWebdevelopmentframeworkthataimstosimplifythedevelopmentprocessofWebapplications.ItprovidesaseriesoftoolsthatcanhelpdevelopersbuildpowerfulWebapplicationsfaster.IthasapowerfulModelViewController(MVC)architecturethatcanhelpdeveloperscreatedynamicWebapplicationsmoreeasily.ItalsoprovidesapowerfulroutesystemthatcanhelpdeveloperscreateRESTfulAPImoreeasily.What'smore,itprovidesapowerfuldatabasemigrationsystemthatcanhelpdevelopersadministerthedatabasemoreeasily.Takingthememberadministrationsystemwelearnedbeforeasanexample,I'mgonnaintroducethesimpleapplicationofLaravel.TolearnmoreaboutLaravel,wecanrefertotheofficialdocumentation(currently,thelatestversionis9,andwetakeVersion8.5asanexample)fromthewebsite/docs/laravel/8.5.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravelInstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelTherearemanywaystoinstallLaravel.WerecommendyouinstallitwithComposer.First,makesureyouhaveinstalledcomposer(youcandownloadandinstallitonthewebsite:/download/).Tospeedupaccess,wecansetamirrorofcomposerfirst:ThenselectadirectoryastheinstallationdirectoryforLaravel.EnterthisdirectoryandexecutethefollowingcodeonthecommandlineofCMD:Thememberattheendisourprojectname,andthesystemwillautomaticallycreateafolder.Wecreateanewfilelaravel_memberontheEdrive,openthisdirectoryinExplorerandentercmdintheaddressbartoquicklyenterthecommandlinecorrespondingtothisfolder.Executetheaboveinstallationcommand.Afterthecommandisexecuted,wecanseetheinstalledmemberproject.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelInstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelTheinstallationprocessisshowninthefollowingfigure:InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelAftertheinstallationiscompleted,enterthememberfolderandstartthebuilt-inserviceofLaraveltotesttheproject:Open:8000inthebrowser.Ifyouseetheinterfaceshowninthefigurebelow,itmeansthattheLaravelsystemhasbeeninstalled.InadditiontousingLaravel'sbuilt-inservices,wecanusephpStudytoconfigurethewebsiteforprojectaccess.JustpayattentiontoconfiguringtherootdirectoryofthewebsiteasE:\laravel_member\member\public.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelInstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel1.InstallationofLaravelInstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel2.MVCStructureofLaravelMVCistheabbreviationforModelViewController.Therolesofthemodel,view,andcontrollerarebrieflydescribedbelow.Themodelprocessestheapplicationdatalogicinanapplication.Usually,itisresponsibleforaccessingdatainthedatabase.Theviewprocessesthedisplayofdatainanapplication.Thecontrollerprocessesuserinteractionsinanapplication.Itismainlyresponsibleforobtainingdatafromthemodel,inputtingitintotheview,receivinguseroperationsfromtheview,andthenrespondingaccordingly.InLaravel,thecontrollerisstoredin/app/Http/Controllersandsubfolders.Itisforrouteinvokingandprocessingthecorrespondingroutingrequest.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel2.MVCStructureofLaravelInLaravel,theviewisstoredin/resources/viewandsubfolders.Itisforcontrollerinvokingandprocessingthecorrespondingdisplayofuserinterface.LaravelusesBladeasthetemplateenginebydefault,andnativePHPcodeoutputcanbeusedinBlade.TheBladetemplateuses.blade.phpasthefilenameextension.Eventually,theBladetemplatewillbe"compiled"intonativePHPcodeandcached.Itwillnotberecompiledunlessthetemplatefileismodified,whichisveryefficient.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel3.IntroductiontoMainDirectoriesofLaravelappdirectory:thecoredirectoryoftheproject,mainlyusedtostorecorecode,alsoincludingcontrollersandmodels.configdirectory:theconfigurationdirectoryoftheproject,mainlyusedtostoreconfigurationfiles,suchastheconfigurationofadatabase,etc.publicdirectory:thedirectoryofentryfilesoftheprojectandthestaticresourceofthesystem(css,img,js,uploads,etc.).Externalstaticfiles(js,css,pictures,etc.)usedlatershouldbeplacedinthepublicdirectory.resourcesdirectory:thedirectoryforstoringviewfilesandlanguagepackfiles.Langdirectory:thedirectoryoflanguagepacks(iftheprojectneedstobelocalized,thelanguagepackneedstobeconfigured).Viewsdirectory:thedirectoryforstoringviewfiles(viewfilescanalsobeadministeredinsubdirectories).routesdirectory:theroutingisdefinedunderthisdirectory,andtheweb.phpfiledefinestherouting.Let'stakealookatthedirectorystructureofLaravel.Thistime,weonlyneedtoknowthefollowingdirectoriesandfiles.InstallationandSimpleApplicationofLaravel3.IntroductiontoMainDirectoriesofLaravelvendordirectory:mainlyusedtostorethird-partyclasslibraryfiles.TheideaofLaravelisthejointdevelopmentandstoptryingtoreinventthewheel(forexample,theremightbeacaptchaclass,uploadclass,andemailclass).ThisdirectoryalsostoresthesourcecodeoftheLaravelframework.Variousclasslibrariesdownloadedwithcomposerarealsostoredinthisdirectory..envfile:mainlytosettheinformationofsomesystem-relatedenvironmentconfigurationfiles.Generally,thefileconfigurationcontentintheconfigdir