江苏省常熟市高一下学期期中英语试题

2021~2022学年第二学期期中试卷高一英语注意事项：1.本试卷分为选择题和非选择题，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将选择题的答案填涂在答题卷上，非选择题请直接在答题卷上规定的地方作答，答题前，务必将自己的学校、姓名、考试号等相关信息写在答题卡上规定的地方。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whathappenedthismorning?A.Thewomanquarreledwithherboss.B.Thewomanoverslept.C.Thealarmclockdidn'tgooff.2.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Herhat.B.Hercoat.C.Hergloves.3.Whereisthemangoingprobably?A.Toahotelbar.B.Tohisroom.C.Toarestaurant.4.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$15.B.$30.C.$60.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Readingabook.B.Readingaletter.C.Collectingmoney.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Thereisnohotwater.B.Theshowerhandlecan'tbeturned.C.Thebreakfastisratherbad.7.Whatwillthewomandothismorning?A.Washherclothes.B.Havesomeappointments.C.Haveherhaircut.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataschool.B.Atacinema.C.AtLily'shouse.9Whatmovieawardshowdoesthewomaninvitethemantowatch?A.TheHundredFlowersAwards.B.TheCannesFilmFestival.C.TheGoldenRoosterAwards.10.Whatdoesthewomanlikeaboutmovieawardshows?A.Theactors.B.Thedresses.C.Thestage.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdidthewomandoafterfailingtofindhercar?A.Shewenttothepolicestation.B.Shecalledthepoliceforhelp.C.Shetooktheundergroundbackhome.12.Whywasthewomanunabletofindhercar?A.Becauseshehadthecarstolen.B.Becauseshehadthecarpulledaway.C.Becauseshetookthewrongexit.13.Howdidthewomanfeelthatday?A.Happy.B.Silly.C.Angry.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Friends.15.Whatcanweknowaboutthewoman?A.She'stheonlychild.B.She'stheyoungestchild.C.She'stheeldestchild.16.What'sthemainreasonwhythemanwantsasecondchild?A.Reducingtheagingpopulation.B.Solvingthelaborshortageproblem.C.Keepinghissonpany.17.Whatworriestheman'swifemostinhavingasecondchild?A.Theinfluenceonhercareer.B.Thehighcostofchildcareandliving.C.Thebalancebetweenherworkandfamily.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Tohelpstudentsprepareforthereallife.B.Toteachstudentstowriteapplicationletters.C.Toletstudentsknowaboutsometypicaljobs.19.Whowillhelpstudentstowriteapplicationletters?A.Ateacher.B.Theheadmaster.C.Amemberofthemittee.20.Whatisthelaststepofdoingtheproject?A.Makealistofsuitablejobs.B.Gatherstudents'opinions.C.Askstudentstotakeonresponsibility.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheCurbcutEffect(路缘坡效应)referstothefactthatsupportingsmallgroupsofpeopleoftenendsuphelpingmuchlargerrangesofsociety.Curbcuts:EasingthewalkingInthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedbythedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildanexperimentalcurbcutagentleslopethatbringstheendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreetatthecornersofseveralblocksdowntown.Afewmonthslater,Fisherreportedthatevenresidentswithoutwheelchairswereenjoyingtheimpactofthelittleslopes.Readingmachines:GettingthemessageIn1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedtochangeimagesintotextthatitthenreadaloud.SmartspeakerswiththosevoicesarenowinroughlyonequarterofUShomes.Bydetectingstreetsignsandhousenumbers,itishelpingbuildthemapsthatselfdrivingcarsusetonavigatetheworld.Closedcaptions(字幕):FollowingtheconversationSearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuiltinequipmentthatalloweddeafandhardofhearingviewerstoreadalongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.Inthe1990s,textbecameincreasinglymonasDVDsand,later,streamingservicesaddedtheabilitytoswitchthewordsonatwill.A2006surveyfoundthatonlyaround20percentofthepeopleusingcaptionshadhearingproblems.DeafSpacedesigns:KeepingthingsquietMorethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefromarchitectHanselBauman.Oneaimistocleardistractingnoises,whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.Bykeepingconversationsandothersounddisturbancesfromwalkingandjumpingaroundtheroom,thesewaysalsomakeiteasierforallsortsofstudentsandworkerstofocus.CLICKHEREFORMOREINFORMATION1.Whowerethefourinventionsinitiallyintendedtoserve?A.Thearmy. B.Specialgroups. C.Allhumanbeings. D.Professionals.2.WhatmightbeJackFisher?A.Acitydesigner. B.Acitygovernor. C.Adisabledsoldier. D.Anordinaryroadman.3.Whoseinventionhelpspeopletoconcentrate?A.Sears'. B.JackFisher's. C.RayKurzweil's. D.HanselBauman's.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了四种针对特殊人群的发明设计。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“Inthe1940s,hundredsofthousandsofWorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities.Disappointedbythedifficultiestheyfaced,JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem,askedhiscitygovernmenttobuildanexperimentalcurbcutagentleslopethatbringstheendofasidewalkdowntomeetthelevelofthestreetatthecornersofseveralblocksdowntown.(20世纪40年代，数十万二战士兵带着伤残返乡。密歇根州卡拉马祖市的JackFisher，就是其中一员，对他们所面临的困难感到失望，他要求市政府在市中心几个街区的拐角处建造试用性的路缘坡——一种使人行道末端向下延伸与街道水平面相接的缓坡)”可知，路缘坡的设计是为了方便行动不便的人；根据Readingmachines:Gettingthemessage段落下“In1976,technologistRayKurzweilinventedamachinefortheblindandvisuallydamagedtochangeimagesintotextthatitthenreadaloud.(1976年，技术专家RayKurzweil为盲人和视力受损者发明了一种机器，将图像转换成文本，然后大声朗读)”可知，这种机器专为盲人和视力受损者而发明；根据Closedcaptions(字幕):Followingtheconversation段落下“SearslaunchedthefirstTVwithabuiltinequipmentthatalloweddeafandhardofhearingviewerstoreadalongwiththeirfavoriteprogramsin1980.(1980年，Sears推出了第一台内置设备的电视，使聋哑人和听力困难人群能够阅读他们喜爱的节目)”可知，这种电视是为有听力障碍的人设计的；根据DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下“Oneaimistocleardistractingnoises,whichcanmakeitdifficultforpeopletousetheirlimitedhearingabilities.(一个目标是清除分散注意力的噪音，这些噪音会使听力受限的人们难以使用有限的听力)”可知，这是为听力受限的人们设计的。综上可知，这四项发明创造都是针对特殊人群的。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Curbcuts:Easingthewalking段落下“JackFisherofKalamazoo,Michigan,asoneofthem(密歇根州卡拉马祖市的JackFisher，就是其中一员)”，句中的them指代“WorldWarⅡsoldiersreturnedhomewithdisabilities(二战的伤残士兵)”，由此可推知Fisher是一名伤残士兵。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据DeafSpacedesigns:Keepingthingsquiet段落下“thesewaysalsomakeiteasierforallsortsofstudentsandworkerstofocus.(这些方法也使各种各样的学生和工作者更容易集中注意力)”可知，DeafSpacedesigns这项发明设计有助于集中注意力，由“Morethan150designsoftheDeafSpaceProjectcamefromarchitectHanselBauman.(DeafSpace项目的150多个设计来自建筑师HanselBauman)”可知，这是由HanselBauman发明设计的。故选D。BGrowingupinaJamaicanAmericanhousehold,foodwasanimportantpartofmychildhood.Iremembermygrandmotherpreparingfrieddumplingsandcurrymutton,jazzmusicplayinginthebackground.Foodwasourgreatesttreasure.Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.Foodcelebratednewbeginningsandeasedthewoundsoflife’suntimely(过早的)endings.WhenIwas8,Iwasdiagnosedwithamuscledisease,whichcausedmetospendmostofmychildhoodinhospitalroomsandwheelchairs,slowlygainingweightbyswallowingprednisone(泼尼松药)hiddeninsidemintchocolatechipicecream.Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.However,asanadult,Ibegantoexperienceaparalyzingfearoffood.My“I’llstartanewdietonMonday”mindsetlastedfor16yearsasIuncontrollablyateandabusedmybody.IwasworriedthatIwasnotattractiveenough.Soobsessed(困扰的)andafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011,Iattemptedtokillmyselfandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.Wedoextremethingstoourbodiesbecauseofthosenumbers.Numbersthatcannottalkwithusorloveus.Ihavehadtostopjudgingmybelly,stopstarvingmyself,stopgettingonthescaleandstaringatthosenumbers.IhaveetotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.4.Whatroledidfoodplayinauthor’schildhood?A.Ithealedherphysicalwounds. B.Itstrengthenedthefamilybond.C.Itwasasourceoffamilyine. D.Itmarkedtheendofsomeone’slife.5.Whatmadethemotherfeelclosertoherdaughter?A.Makingcookingherdailyduty. B.Raisingtheauthorasasinglemom.C.Limitingtheauthortoastrictdiet. D.Preparinghealthyfoodfortheauthor.6.Whydidtheauthorwanttokillherself?A.Becauseshehatedfood.B.Becauseshelostthebattlewithherdisease.C.Becauseshewasconcernedthatshewouldnotgetajob.D.Becauseshewasworriedaboutherworseninghealthstate.7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutherweightnow?A.Nervous. B.Satisfied. C.Worried. D.Unconcerned.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者因为体重的数字对自己做出极端的事情，然后意识到生命比这些数字更重要，自己生活的质量比自己在镜子里的样子更重要。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Foodbroughtthefamilytogether.(食物使一家人团聚在一起)”可知，在作者的童年，食物是加强家庭联系的纽带。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Mymommadeitherdutytohelpmelosetheweightthroughstrictdieting.I’vetriedeverysingleone.Infairness,mymotherdidthebestshecould.Asasinglemom,shefeltthisbroughtuscloser.(我妈妈通过严格的节食来帮助我减肥，这是她的责任。我都试过了。公平地说，我妈妈已经尽力了。作为一个单身母亲，她觉得这让我们更亲密)”可知，严格限制作者的饮食，使母亲感觉与女儿更亲近。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“SoobsessedandafraidnoonewouldhiremeasanactressifIdidn’twinthebattlewiththenumbersonthescale,inFebruary2011Iattemptedsuicideandlandedinthehospitalformultipledays.(我如此痴迷于此，害怕如果我不能在与数字的较量中取胜，就没有人会雇用我当演员。2011年2月，我试图自杀，结果在医院里住了好几天)”可知，她对失业的焦虑是导致作者企图自杀的直接原因。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“IhaveetotherealizationthatmylifeismoreimportantthanthosenumbersonthescaleandthatthequalityofthelifeIliveismoreimportantthanhowIlookinthemirror.(我已经意识到我的生命比这些数字更重要，我生活的质量比我在镜子里的样子更重要)”可推知，作者现在对自己的体重毫不在意。故选D。CAspeopleacrosstheglobestruggledwithhigherlevelsofstress,depressionandanxietythispastyear,manyturnedtotheirfavoritefortfoods:icecream,pizza,hamburgers.Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehighsugarandhighfatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,asfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.Instead,wholefoodssuchasvegetables,fruit,fish,eggs,nutsmaybeabetterbet.Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthsparedtoacontrolgroup.Publichealthexpertsaroundtheworldhavestartedencouragingpeopletoadoptlifestylebehaviorslikeexercise,soundsleep,ahearthealthydietandavoidingsmokingthatmayreduceinflammation(发炎)andhavebenefitsforthebrain.Individualcliniciansarealreadyincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients.Dr.DrewRamsey,aclinicalprofessorattheColumbiaUniversity,beginshismeetingswithnewpatientsbyexploringtheirdiet.Heaskswhattheyeat,learnstheirfavoritefoods,andfindsoutiffoodsthatheconsidersimportantfortheconnectionaremissingfromtheirdiets,suchasplants,seafood.Dr.Ramseysaidhedoesnotwatpeopletothinkthattheonlyfactorinvolvedinbrainhealthisfood.“Lotsofpeoplegettheirfoodexactlyright,liveveryactivelives,andstillhavesignificanttroubleswiththeirmentalhealth,”hesaid.Buthealsoteachespeoplethatfoodcanbeempowering.“Wecan’tcontrolourgenes,”hesaid.“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.”8.Whatdopreviousnutritionstudiesmainlyfocuson?A.Howourdietsaffectourmentalhealth. B.Howourdietsaffectourphysicalhealth.C.Howourmentalhealthaffectsourdiets. D.Howourphysicalhealthaffectsourdiets.9.Whyareindividualcliniciansincludingnutritionintotheirworkwithpatients?A.Theytrytocatertotheirpatients’needs.B.Theyarequestioningpublichealthexperts.C.Theywanttoprovetheeffectivenessofhealthydiets.D.Theyhaveacceptedthefindingsoflargepopulationstudies.10.WhichofthefollowingmightDr.Ramseyagreewith?A.Someconnectionexistsbetweenourdietsandmentalhealth.B.Peoplecancontroltheirgenesaswellashowtheyeat.C.Peoplelivingactiveliveswillnothavementalproblems.D.Eatingahealthydietisgoingtocuredepression.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Peoplewithanxietyusuallyturntofoodforfort.B.Thedailydietisthefactorconnectedwithbrainhealth.C.Controllingthewayweeatislikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.D.Havingahighsugardietcanreducesymptomsofdepression.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们所吃的食物会影响心理健康，控制饮食方式可能有益于人们的心理健康。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Historically,nutritionresearchhasfocusedlargelyonhowthefoodsweeataffectourphysicalhealth,ratherthanourmentalhealth,though.(然而，从历史上看，营养研究主要关注我们所吃的食物如何影响我们的身体健康，而不是我们的心理健康)”可知，以前的营养研究主要关注我们的饮食如何影响我们的身体健康。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Overtheyears,largepopulationstudieshavefoundthatpeopleassignedtofollowaMediterraneandietforthreemonthshadgreaterreductionsinsymptomsofdepressionafterthreemonthsparedtoacontrolgroup.(多年来，大量的人口研究发现，与对照组相比，被指定遵循地中海饮食法三个月的人在三个月后抑郁症状的减轻程度更大)”可知，大量人口研究结果显示，遵循地中海饮食法的人会减轻病症，所以个别临床医生要求将营养纳入他们对患者的工作是因为他们接受了大量人口研究的结果。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.(但我们可以控制我们的饮食方式，这让人们可以采取行动，每天都可以照顾自己的大脑健康)”可知，拉姆齐博士认为控制饮食方式可以让人们采取行动照顾自己的大脑健康，所以他同意饮食和心理健康之间存在某种联系。故选A项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butstudiesinrecentyearssuggestthatthehighsugarandhighfatfoodswhenwearestressedordepressed,asfortingastheymayseem,aretheleastlikelytobenefitourmentalhealth.(但是最近几年的研究表明，当我们感到压力或抑郁时，高糖和高脂肪的食物虽然看起来很舒服，但对我们的心理健康最不可能有好处)”以及最后一段“Butwecancontrolhowweeat,andthatgivespeopleactionablethingsthattheycandototakecareoftheirbrainhealthonadailybasis.(但我们可以控制我们的饮食方式，这让人们可以采取行动，每天都可以照顾自己的大脑健康)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们所吃的食物会影响心理健康，控制饮食方式可能有益于人们的心理健康。故选C项。DThisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thisisthemostcasualties(伤亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.“Thedrierconditionsbinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia’sfireswereworsenedbythebinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesalsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).12.WhatarethenumbersaboutinParagraph1?A.ThecausesofAustralianfires. B.ThesevereconsequencesofAustralianfires.C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires. D.TheresidencedestructionofAustralianfires.13.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“susceptibleto”inthesecondparagraph?A.Veryquicklytoadaptto. B.Veryseriouslytofocuson.C.Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst. D.Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.14.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.B.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.C.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.D.Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingdamage. B.Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustralianfires. D.TostresstheeffectsofAustralianfires.【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是澳大利亚森林火灾造成的损失，以及专家们关于森林大火原因的分析。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed.”(这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡，2000所房屋被毁。)可知，本段利用数字分别从过火面积、人员伤亡和财产损失等三个方面描述森林大火的巨大破坏力，所以本段的数字是关为了告诉我们森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州大学伯克利分校地球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克·豪萨福尔说气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更susceptibleto火灾并延长了高火险季节的持续时间。)”可推测气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，因此moresusceptibleto应意为“更易遭受……，更容易受到……影响”，与D项“Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很容易受……的影响)”意思相近。故选D项。.【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾和火灾蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。)”可推断全球气候变暖导致干旱或延长干旱时间，增加火灾风险及火灾蔓延风险，所以全球变暖是森林大火的根本原因。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.(气候专家强调气候变化不是野火严重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量。)”以及“Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.(诸如控制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响火灾对人和财产的风险，如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。)”及“Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣)(改变这些政策同时改变消防管理资源的分配方式有很大的降低未来野火造成损害的潜力。)”可知作者在最后一段想要提供一些关于减少火灾损失的建议。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThreeThingsWeMustDotoTackleClimateChangeWithworldleadersmeetingattheinternationalclimatechangeconferencethisAugustinGlasgowtodiscussurgentglobalactiontomeetoneofthegreatestchallenges,manypeoplestilldon’tknowwhatmustbedone.____16____However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itesdowntothefollowingthreethings.Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.____17____Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.Wealreadyhaveavastamountoffossilfuelinfrastructure(基础设施),anditwilltakedecadestoenditsuse.____18____Sunandwindarethefastestgrowingnewsourcesofenergywehave.Theircostshavefallensharply,makingthemtheleastexpensiveoptionsandencouragingtheadoptionofcleanenergyinmoreandmorelocations.Protecttheworld’sforests.Forestsallovertheworldcurrentlyabsorbaboutathirdofthecarbondioxideouractivitiessendouttotheatmosphere.____19____Andthismuststop.Tomeettheplanet’sgrowingfoodneeds,expertsurgeimprovedmanagementpracticesonalreadyclearedlandratherthanclearingnewland.Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.Ifso,wecantakeonthechallengeaswewouldwhateverthedifficultyis.____20____Thethreeactionswesuggestareessentialforsuccess.A.Boostthedevelopmentofnewtechnology.B.Speeduptheuseofclean,renewableenergy.C.Thealarmingmessagesreleasedurgedustochangeourlifestyle.D.Toachievethis,wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas.E.The“codered”reportfromtheconferencegreatlyshockedmanypeople.F.WeareonamissiontosaveplanetEarth,itspeopleanditsnaturalwonders.G.Tropical(热带)forestsareespeciallyatriskandstillbeingclearedforagriculturaluses.【答案】16.E17.D18.B19.G20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们可以做三件事情来应对气候变化。【16题详解】根据空后“However,thegoodnewswegetfromthereportisthatitisnottoolatetoavoidtheworstimpactsofclimatechange,ifwerespondrapidlyanddecisively.Buthow?Itesdowntothefollowingthreethings.(然而，我们从报告中得到的好消息是，如果我们迅速果断地做出反应，避免气候变化的最严重影响还为时不晚。)”可知，空处和空后为转折关系，空后提到了报告中的好消息，可推知空处是在描述格拉斯哥召开国际气候变化大会提出了让人震惊的报告，告诉人们气候变化的后果非常严重。然而如果我们迅速果断地做出反应，避免气候变化的最严重影响还为时不晚。E项“会议的“红色代码”报告让许多人大吃一惊。”符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】根据空前“Stopusingfossilfuelsgradually.(逐步停止使用化石燃料。)”以及下文“Thatmeansnoexploration,nonewwells,mines,pipelines,orpowerplants.(这意味着没有勘探，没有新的油井、矿山、管道或发电厂。)”可知，本段号召人们不要使用化石燃料，所以为了实现这一目的，我们必须不允许煤炭、石油和天然气的新开发。D项中的“coal,oilandgas”对应前文的化石燃料。而“wemustallownonewdevelopmentofcoal,oilandgas(我们必须不允许煤炭、石油和天然气的新开发)”顺应下文中的“没有新的油井、矿山、管道或发电厂。”故选D。【18题详解】根据空后“Sunandwindarethefastestgrowingnewsourcesofenergywehave.(太阳和风能是我们拥有的增长最快的新能源。)”可知，人们开发利用新型的清洁和可再生能源是应对气候变化的重要方法。B项“加快使用清洁的可再生能源。”符合语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据本段的第一句话“Protecttheworld’sforests.(保护世界森林。)”和空后“Andthismuststop.(这必须停止。)”可知，保护森林非常重要，而空后的this应该指代对森林破坏这件事。G项“热带森林面临的风险尤其大，仍在为农业用途而砍伐。”为this指代的内容，符合语境。故选G。【20题详解】根据本段第一句话“Finally,itishightimethatwejoinedhandstoprotecttheonlyhomewehave.(最后，是我们携手保护我们唯一的家园的时候了。)”可知，作者在最后号召大家行动起来保护我们唯一的家园，我们要去拯救地球，上文建议的三个行动对成功至关重要。F项“我们的使命是拯救地球、地球上的人民和地球上的自然奇观。”符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言知识运用（共三节，满分35分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Idreamedofbeingascientistat6.However,Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhada____21____desireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,Icouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.TherewasanEnglishteacherwhocouldmagically____22____ustodifferentworldsbytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwisenever____23____.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseetheinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsight.Yetmyteacherwouldnoticemeandthe____24____messageinhereyessuggestedthatshecould____25____mymind.Shehadanothersuperpowerandevennow,Icouldstillrememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmastersofart,expandingour____26____.Shedidthis____27____hermajorwasnotart.Herlessonswentbeyondthetextbook.Iwantedtobeoneofthoseall—seeingoneswithsuperpowersthatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.Beingateacherisn’ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupationalrisks—yourkneescanbeewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase,your____28____cangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.But____29____allthat,therearethosechoosingthis____30____.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob—itisascience,anartandit____31____emotionallaboranddevotion.Forthreedecadesnow,I’vegonetoworkearlyeverydaywithaspringinmystep.Occasionally,Imeetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfond____32____ofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.WhenImeetotherswho____33____forsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacher____34____toperfectherskillswithabravefaceon,Ifeel____35____tobelongtothesamegroup.21.A.challenging B.burning C.convincing D.rewarding22.A.signal B.inform C.transport D.apply23.A.pickup B.setup C.bringup D.speedup24.A.unspoken B.unforgotten C.unwritten D.uncertain25A.look B.see C.indicate D.read26.A.interviews B.visions C.groups D.effects27.A.asif B.onlyif C.evenif D.ifonly28.A.hearing B.voice C.sense D.mood29.A.among B.except C.besides D.despite30.A.cause B.assignment C.arrangement D.contract31.A.needs B.creates C.expresses D.determines32.A.wonders B.memories C.dreams D.opportunities33.A.provide B.account C.stand D.thirst34.A.struggling B.promising C.claiming D.managing35.A.thrilled B.relieved C.proud D.secure【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.D26.B27.C28.B29.D30.A31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述自己童年梦想成为教师，以及从教30年来的感受。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我在10岁时决定当一名教师，因为我对超能力有着强烈的渴望。A.challenging挑战性的；B.burning强烈的；C.convincing令人信服的；D.rewarding值得做的。根据句中的“desire渴望”可知，“burning强烈的”符合语境和句意。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一位英语老师，她可以通过给我们讲故事和给我们读那些我们永远不会去碰的书，神奇地把我们带到不同的世界。A.signal发信号；B.inform通知；C.transport运送；D.apply申请。根据句中的“todifferentworlds”可知，“transport运送”符合语境和句意，老师可以通过给我们讲故事和给我们读书将作者带入到不同的世界。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有一位英语老师，她可以通过给我们讲故事和给我们读那些我们永远不会去碰的书，神奇地把我们带到不同的世界。A.pickup拿起；拾起；B.setup建立，设置；C.bringup抚养；D.speedup加速。根据句中定语从句修饰的先行词“books”可知，“pickup拿起；拾起”符合语境和句意，老师读给学生们的书都是他们不曾拿起来读的书。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的老师会注意到我，她眼中未说出口的信息表明她能读懂我的心思。A.unspoken未说出的；B.unforgotten不被遗忘的；C.