2025北京中考英语复习：阅读理解之说明文

专题10阅读理解之说明文

（北京中考真题+名校模拟）

（2024•北京•中考真题）SamHillisreallybadatfindinghiswayfromplacetoplace.Theworldisfullof

peoplelikeHill-andtheiropposites,whoalwaysseemtoknowexactlywheretheyareandhowtogetwhere

theywanttogo.Ithasprovedhardtoexplainwhy.However,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,there?snew

excitementhappeningintheresearchworld.

Anexperimentwascarriedoutin2022tofindoutwhatmightinfluencewayfindingability.Researchers

developedanonlinegameinwhichplayerstravelbyboattofindwherealotofcheckpointslie.Thegameasked

playerstoprovidebasicbackgroundinformation,andnearlyfourmillionpeopleworldwidedidso.Throughthe

game,theresearcherswereabletojudgenavigational（辨识方向的）abilitybylookingathowfareachperson

traveledtoreachallthecheekpoints.Thentheycomparedplayers5performancewiththeirbackground

information.

TheresearchersfoundthatNorthernEuropeansseemedtobebetternavigations,perhapsbecausetheylove

orienteering（定向越野），asportwhichinvolvescross-countryrunningandnavigation.Andthosefromcitieswith

moredisorganizedstreetnetworks（网状系统）didbetterthanthosefromcitieswithorderlyones.Perhapspeople

ofplannedcitiesdon'tneedtobuildcomplex（复杂的）mapsintheirminds.

Researchresultslikethesesuggestthatpeople'slifeexperiencedecideshowwelltheyfindtheirway.In

fact,experiencemayevenexplainapopularbeliefthatmenaremorelikelytoperformbetterthanwomen.Itturns

outthatthisdifferenceismoreaquestionofcultureandexperiencethanofinbomability.NorthernEuropeans,

forexample,showalmostnogender（性另lj）differenceinnavigation.However,mendomuchbetterthanwomen

inplaceswherewomenfaceculturallimitsonexploringtheirenvironmentontheirown.

ThatfindingisalsosupportedbystudiesontheTsimane,acommunitylivinginaforestinSouthAmerica.

ResearchersputGPSunitson305Tsimanepeopletochecktheirdailymovementsoverathree-dayperiod,and

foundnodifferencebetweenmenandwomeninnavigationalability.Evenchildrenperformedverywell-aresult,

researchersthink,ofgrowingupinanenvironmentthatencourageschildrentoexploretheforest.

1.Whywasanexperimentcarriedoutin2022?

A.Todevelopanonlinewayfindinggame.

B.Toimprovetheplayers'wayfindingability.

C.Topickoutpeoplewhoareweakinwayfinding.

D.Tofindoutwhypeoplearedifferentinwayfindingability.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablythebestatfindingtheirway?

A.Awomanwhooftenexploresnature.

B.AgirlwhostudiesSouthAmericanculture.

C.Amanwhorunsonasportsgroundeverymorning.

D.Aboywholivesinacitywithanorderlystreetnetwork.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Goodnavigatorsaremostlymade,notbom.

B.Navigationskillsdifferbetweenthegenders.

C.Navigationskillsarepasseddown,neverlost.

D.Goodnavigatorsbringdevelopmentsintechnology.

（2023•北京•中考真题）Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirst

thinkthathappinessdependsonexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.

Ifwecouldn'thavethese,wemightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn'tbringhappiness.Whenpeople

thinkfurtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend6顷向于）tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbeginto

rememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap（有重叠）pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwitha

separatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsome

earlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimproves

one'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthat

leadsustoexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhen

theyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun^^andwish

theywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.For

example,everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult-youhavetopayenough

attentiontoameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasure

withoutanypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasure

withoutanyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated（刺激）.Butifsimpossibletoenjoyatennis

gameorabookwithoutfullattention.It'sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.

Growthrequiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandthe

external（外部的）environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedto

learnhowtobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

4.Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou.

A.buyexpensiveshoesB.orderadeliciousmeal

C.talkwithfriendsfornewideasD.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

5.Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?

A.Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B.Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C.Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D.Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

6.Thewords"psychicenergy”inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto.

A.attentionB.interestC.abilityD.knowledge

7.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowth

B.feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowth

C.aworthylifedependsonluckandenvironment

D.pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife

（2023•北京•中考真题）Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?

AccordingtotheUnitedNations（UN）,everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion（十亿）tonsoffoodis

wasted.Atthesametime,therearenearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedis

enoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide

（CO2）,whichspeedsupclimate（气候）change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?

Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand（需求）.Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,

specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.

Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（减少）foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheir

besttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstelling

themhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality（质量）.

Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomake

deliciousdishes.

Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanof

theirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayan

importantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.

Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafefor

humanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogo

andmuchforimprovementinthisarea.

Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.

Manysolutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,

foodwasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?

A.Theproblemofworldwidehunger.B.Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.

C.Thespeed-upofclimatechange.D.Asuddendropinpopulation.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.

C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputinto

practice.

10.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste.B.Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.

C.Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste.D.Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.

（2024U匕京东城•二模）Whydopeoplefallforbadinformation?Scientistsaretryingtofindthatout.They

arealsotryingtofindoutwhatwecandoaboutit.

Peopleonsocialmediasometimessharequestionableclaims（言论）.Maybetheythinktheclaimis

surprisingorinteresting.Buthowtheclaimispresentedcaninfluencehowmanypeoplebelieveit.

Peoplearelikelytothinkthatvideoisthemostbelievable,notedS.ShyamSundar.Heworksat

PennsylvaniaStateUniversity.Sundarandhisteamshowedfake（假的）newsstoriesto180people.Onefake

storyclaimedplasticwasusedtomakerice.Oneversion（版本）ofthericestorywassentastextonly.One

versionwasasoundrecording.Thethirdhadavideo.Itshowedamanfeedingplasticsheetsintoamachine.The

testedpeoplegradedthevideostoryasthemostbelievable.

“Seeingisbelieving.Peoplearemorelikelytoacceptmisinformationwhentheyseesomethinginavideo,9,

Sundarsaid.Thafsespeciallytruewiththeriseofdeepfaketechnologies,whichcreatefakebutvisually（视觉上）

believablevideos.

Anotherbigproblemwithfakenewsishoweasilyitgetsintoourbrains.Weoftenfindclaimsbelievable

thatgoalongwiththevalueswehold.Somepeopleareunlikelytoquestionthingsthatfitwithwhattheyalready

believe.Why?Becauseourvaluescaninfluencehowweprocessinformation.

Sohowcanweslowthespreadoffakenews?Itmightjustrequiregettingpeopletostopandthink.Two

scientists,GordonPennycookandDavidRand,workedtogetheronastudy.Theyshowedbothrealnews

headlinesandfakeonesto3,500people.Theytestedthesepeople'sanalyticalreasoning（分析推理）.Peoplewho

scoredhigherontheanalyticaltestswerelesslikelytomistakefakenewsheadlinesasbeingcorrect.Inother

words,lazythinkinghelpsdrivesomeone'sacceptanceoffakenews.

Whenwerecognizesomethinguntrue,weshoulddebunk（揭穿）it.Researchershavesometips:

•Checktheinformationfromtrustworthysources（来源）.Lookatdifferentsourcestoseeiftheyagree.

•Onceyoucorrectmisinformationwithatruefact,explainwhythemisinformationiswrong.

•Speakupassoonaspossiblewhenyouseemisinformationbeingsharedonsocialmedia.

Notpayingattentioncanhelpfakenewsspread.Fortunately,there9sasimplesolution-stopshuttingoff

ourbrainssomuch.Bythinkingcarefullyandsharingrealinformation,wecanhelpeveryonestayinformedwith

facts.

11.ThepurposeofSundarandhisteam'sstudyistofindout.

A.whatwayscanbeusedtospreadnews

B.howfakenewsspreadsthroughdifferentmedia

C.whatkindofpeoplearelikelytobelievefakenews

D.howthepresentationofnewsinfluencesitsbelievability

12.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peoplearelikelytobelieveinformationthatmatchestheirvalues.

B.Debunkingbadinformationdependsheavilyontechnology.

C.Thebrainhasaweakabilitytorecognizemisinformation.

D.Lazythinkersoftenslowdownthespreadoffakenews.

13.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecausesoffakenewsanditsbadinfluences.

B.Thespreadoffakenewsandpeople'scomplaintsaboutit.

C.Thereasonsforbelievingfakenewsandwaystodealwithit.

D.Theproblemscausedbyfakenewsandthenecessitytorecognizeit.

（2024.北京丰台.二模）

marshmallow

Areyouavoidingpainorlivingwithpurpose?

Therearetwopathswecantakeinanygivensituation:oneisthepathofavoidingpaininthemoment,andthe

otheristhemoredifficultpathofdelaying（推迟）pleasureforabiggerpurpose.

Somepeopledon'tseethevalueinhavingpatienceduringdifficulttimesorworkingtowardagoal;theywant

tolosetheweightnowandwouldratherbuythelatest,greatestcellphonethansaveforretirement（退休）.We

oftenmakeourlifechoicesaccordingtohowwecanavoidpaininthemomentand,indoingso,failtoseethatthe

pathofdelayedgratification（满足）issometimeswheretherealsolutionstoourproblemslie.

Studiesshowthatdelayedgratificationisoneofthemosteffectivepersonalqualitiesofsuccessfulpeople.

Peoplewholearnhowtomanagetheirneedtobesatisfiedinthemomentthrive（蓬勃发展）moreintheircareers,

relationshipsandhealththanpeoplewhogiveintoit.

Awell-knownstudyconductedatStanfordUniversityinthe1960sexplainsalotaboutwhyit'sbeneficialto

delaygratification.Inthestudy,childrenwereplacedinaroomwithonemarshmallowonaplate.Thelead

researchergavethechildrenaneasyinstruction:Youcaneatthemarshmallownow,orwait15minutesand

receivetwomarshmallows.Theresearchersfoundthatthechildrenwhowereabletowaitforthesecond

marshmallowwithouteatingthefirstonescoredhigheronstandardizedtests,hadbetterhealth,andwereless

likelytohavebehaviorproblems.

Considertheresultsofthisstudy,andthinkaboutyourselfandyouractions.Areyouabletowaitforthings

youreallywant,evenifitinvolvesgivinguppleasureandsatisfactionnow?Doyoumakedecisionsbasedon

yourlifepurposeoronwhatfeelsgoodnow?Doyousometimesgiveuptoosoon?Canyouthinkofatimewhen

yousuccessfullycompletedadifficulttask?Howdiditmakeyoufeelaboutyourself?Whatweretheresultsof

waiting?

Delayinggratificationisn'tanewconcept.Backin300B.C.,Aristotlesawthatthereasonwhysomany

peoplewereunhappywasthattheyconfusedpleasurefortruehappiness.

Truehappiness,accordingtoAristotle,isaboutdevelopinghabitsandsurroundingyourselfwithpeople

whogrowyoursoul（灵魂）.Thisallowsyoutomovetowardyourgreatestnaturalability.Truehappinessneeds

delayingpleasure,andputtinginthetime,disciplineandpatiencerequiredtoachieveagoalinsteadoffeeling

goodnow.

Alifeofpurpose,aligned（保持一致）withtheseekingoftruehappiness,createsrealjoy.Itkeepsyour

happinessmeterprettysteady（稳定的）throughoutyourlife.So,whichpathwouldyouliketotake?

14.Peoplewhodelaygratificationwillprobably.

A.avoidpainandgiveupinthemoment

B.workhardpatientlyforabiggergoal

C.failtoseewheretherealsolutionstotheirproblemslie

D.succeedeasilyintheircareers,relationshipsandhealth

15.Whydoesthewritermentionthewell-knownstudyinParagraph5?

A.Toshowchildren'sdifferentchoices.

B.Totellreadersthestudywasveryscientific.

C.Toprovethevalueofputtingoffgratification.

D.Toexplainwhysomechildrenweremoresuccessful.

16.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.apurposefullifecanbringusrealjoy

B.pleasurehelpsustomakecorrectdecisions

C.pleasureplaysakeyroleinalifeofpurpose

D.truehappinessisaboutavoidingpaininthemoment

17.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toencourageustodelaypleasureforabiggerpurpose.

B.Toexplainthemeaningsofpleasureandtruehappiness.

C.Tocomparetwodifferentpathstoalifeofpurpose.

D.Todiscussthegoodeffectsofdelayedgratification.

（2024•北京丰台•二模）Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositive（积极的）thoughtsandemotionsintheir

everydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,andgetalongbetterwithothers.Buildinghabitsthatencourageyouto

thinkandfeelmorepositivecanhelpyoubemoresatisfiedandhavefewerunwantedfeelings.Thisisespecially

importantifyou5realreadydealingwithalotofnegativeemotionslikefear,sadness,anger,frustration,orstress.

Everyonehasnegativethoughtsandfeelingssometimes,buttrytolookonthebrightsideasmuchasyoucan.

Noticeandnameanypositiveemotionsyoufeelduringtheday.Track（追踪）theminalisttobemore

awareofpositivefeelingsyouexperienceandsituationsoractivitiesthatcausethem.Forexample,youmightfeel

proudwhenyouansweraquestionright,joyfulwhenyourdogorcatdoessomethingfunny.

Attheendofeachday,trytofindatleast3goodthingsthathappenedtoyou.Thistrainsyoutonotice

positivethingsandstimulatesyoutodomorethingsthatcausepositiveemotions.

Pickapositiveemotionandmakeitstronger.Lefssayyouchooseconfidence.Whathelpsyoufeel

confident?Howcanyougetmoreofthatfeeling?Youmightgiveyourselfat€Yes,Ican!^^peptalkbeforeatest.

Ormaybeyoustandupstraighterandtrywalkingthroughthehallsinaconfidentway,feelingstrong.Thinkof

positiveemotionsasmuscles（肌肉）youshouldexercisebythewayyoulookatthingsandwhatyoudo.

Begrateful.Makeanefforttopracticegratitude（感激）everyday.Thismeansstoppingforamomentto

noticeandrecognizethethingsyouoftentakeforgranted（想当然），likehavingaplacetolive,food,cleanwater,

friends,family,evencomputeraccess.Ifstakingamomenttothinkabouthowluckyyouarewhensomething

goodhappens-whetherit'sasmallthingorbigthing.

Collectremindersofgoodexperiences.Considermakingapositivityboxfilledwiththingslikephotosof

goodtimes,cardsfromspecialpeople,andfavoritesonglyrics.Ifyouhavetroublethinkingorfeelingpositive

somedays,theboxcanleadyoubacktoahappieremotionalplace.

Positivethoughtsandemotionsarepowerfultools.So,findwaystomaketimefortheminyoureveryday

life.Trytocreateroominyourdayforjoy,fun,friendship,relaxation,kindnessandgratitude.

18.Thewriterwouldsuggestthatweshould.

A.makeapromisetoourselvesbeforeatest

B.makefulluseofthingslikefoodandwater

C.collectexpensivethingsandputtheminabox

D.findseveralgoodthingsthathappenedtouseachday

19.Theword“stimulates“inParagraph3probablymeans"

A.allowsB.warnsC.encouragesD.teaches

20.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Theinfluenceofshowinggratitude.

B.Theimportanceofhavinggoodhabits.

C.Whytohavepositivethoughtsandemotions.

D.Howtoformhabitsofthinkingandfeelingpositive.

（2024・北京大兴•二模）

Fromstrawberriestotomatoes,someoftheUK'sfavoritefruitandvegetablesarehighin"forever

chemicals（化学物质）Butcanwegiveupbuyingthem?PesticideActionNetwork（PAN）hasfoundthatmany

commonfruitsandvegetableshasharmful"foreverchemicals5.

So-called'foreverchemicals9aremadeupof10,000chemicals;agroupknownaspoly-andperfluoroalkyl

substances（PFAS）,andbranded"forever5fortheirabilitytoremainintheenvironmentandaccumulate（积累）in

thebody.

PANanalyzedresultsfromtheUKgovernmenttesting,findingthattendifferentPFASpesticides（农药）

werepresentinthecommonfruitsandvegetablesincludinggrapes,cherries,strawberries,cabbagesand

tomatoes.Strawberrieswerefoundtobemostimpacted（受影响）一95%ofthe120strawberriestestedin2022

containedPFASpesticides.Thiswasfollowedby61%of109grapesand56%of121cherries.Thedatamakes

peoplemoreanxiousandworriedaboutfoodsafety.

Accordingtoaresearch,thesechemicalsaredoingunknownharmtoourhealth."They'vebeenlinkedto

increasedratesofcancer,saysEvans,aresearcherattheenvironmentalcharityFidra."Wedon'thaveallthat

informationjustyet.Wehaveincreasingresearchandevidence-building,buttherearestillsomanychemicalsthat

wedon'tunderstandthefullhealthimpactsof?'Consideringtheirhealth,moreandmorepeoplepreferbuyingthe

foodwithout"foreverchemicals9.

ThefindingsfromPANserveasanimportantwake-upcall.ThebadinfluenceofPFASonourfruitsand

vegetablesneedsimmediateattentionandaction,notjustfromgovernmentsbutfromallpeopleinvolvedin

bringingfoodfromthefarmtoourtables.

PFASareagroupofhuman-madechemicalsthatdidn'texistontheplanetacenturyagoandhavenow

pollutedeverysinglecorner.Noonewantstolivewiththeseharmfulchemicals.Sotheveryleastwecandoisto

ban（禁止）theuseofPFAS.

PFASpesticidesareabsolutelyunnecessaryforgrowingfood.PANispushingthegovernmenttostopthe

useof25PFASpesticidesintheUKandincreasesupportforfarmers.Ifstimetohelpthemtousesaferways

insteadofusingthesePFASpesticides.

WithsomeplasticfoodpackagingalsopollutedwithPFAS,andPFASpresentinUKdrinkingwaterandsoil,

weneedtodevelopabetterunderstandingofthehealthrisksassociatedwithtakingthese"foreverchemicals5and

doeverythingwecantotakethemoutofthefoodchain.Andthatwouldbeagreatwinforshoppers,farmersand

theenvironment.

21.Accordingtotheresearch,whatisthepossibleresultof"foreverchemicals5?

A.Azeroincreaseincancerrates.B.Thechangeofgovernmenttesting.

C.Theunknowneffectsonhumanhealth.D.Abigsaleforthefoodwith"foreverchemicar.

22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.PFAScanbreakdownquicklyintheenvironment.

B.TheeffectofPFASonstrawberrieswaslessthanongrapes.

C.BanningtheuseofPFASisrecommendedtotheUKgovernment.

D.PlasticfoodpackagingcanhelpavoidthepollutioncausedbyPFAS.

23.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ForeverChemicals:MoreActionsShouldBeTakentoBanThem

B.ForeverChemicals:TheWaystoProtecttheEnvironment

C.ForeverChemicals:ReducingTheminGrowingFood

D.ForeverChemicals:HowtoAvoidEatingThem

（2024•北京西城•二模）A2,000-yearmystery（谜）hasmovedonestepclosertobeingsolved.AIsoftware

developedbyresearchershassuccessfullydeciphered（辨读）thetextfromaburntscroll（卷轴）foundinthe

remainsofanancientRomanbuildinginItaly.Thiscouldhelpusbetterunderstandtheancientworld.

Inthecenturiesafterthescrollswerediscovered,manypeoplehavetriedtoopenthem,butendedup

destroyingsomeofthem.BrentSeales,acomputerscientist,hasbeentryingtoreadthesehiddentextsfornearly

20years.Histeamdevelopedsoftwaretoreadthesurfaceofscrollsusing3DCTimages（图像）.Astheresults

werenotsatisfactory,theywonderedwhethermachine-learningmodelsmightbetrainedtoreadthescrollsBut

makingsenseofalltheinformationwasahugetaskforhissmallteam.

Luckily,inMarch2023,theVesuviusChallengewasintroduced,offeringalargeprizetoresearchers

worldwide.Researcherswereaskedtodecipherfourpassages,ofatleast140characterseach,beforetheendof

theyear.

Thekeytothechallenge'ssuccesswasthemixofcompetitionandcooperation（合作），withSealesdoing

hispartbysharinghissoftwareandimagesonline.Smallerprizeswerepresentedalongthewaytoencourage

progress,withthewinningmachine-learningalgorithm（算法）sharedateachstageto"levelup“thecommunity,

socompetitorscouldbuildoneachother'sprogress.

Theturningpointcameinthemiddleoflastyear,whenphysicistCaseyHandmernoticedsomethingthat

seemedtoformtheshapesofGreekletters-hecalledit"crackle”.InlateOctober,anAmericanuniversity

studentstudyingcomputerscienceusedthecrackletotrainamachine-learningalgorithm,uncoveringtheword

porphyras,"purple”.Thiswonhimtheprizefbrdiscoveringthefirstletters.AnEgyptianstudent,whofollowed

withevenclearerimagesofthetext,camesecond.Atlast,thetwoyoungresearcherstogetherwithaSwiss

studentworkedoutover2,000charactersfromonescroll,sharingthe$700,000prize.

Thetextofthealready-openedscrollsisrelatedtoGreekphilosophy（哲学），andresearchersarelikelyto

findmoreofthesameinthescrolls.Also,themachine-learningtechniquespioneeredbyresearcherscannowbe

usedtostudyothertypesofhiddentext.Theprogresssuggestedthefuturedeciphermentofthehundredsofscrolls

thathadbeengivenuponbefore.Therealgainsarestillaheadofus.

24.TheVesuviusChallengewassetupto.

A.raisemoremoneytodevelopAIsoftware

B.attractscientiststofindmoreburntscrolls

C.collectmoreinformationon3Dtechnology

D.involvemorepeopleindecipheringthescrolls

25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.CaseyHandmerwonfirstprizefordiscoveringtheword“purple”.

B.Researchersvolunteeredtoteachstudentstoreadthehiddentexts.

C.Sharingamongcompetitorshelpedtomakethechallengesuccessful.

D.Differentmachine-learningmodelsweretrainedtowriteGreekletters.

26.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AIunlockssecretsof2,000-year-oldscrolls

B.YoungadultstaketheleadinAIdevelopment

C.Technologyawakenscuriosityaboutphilosophy

D.Bigprizesbringabouttechnologicalachievements

（2024・北京大兴・二模）

Advertisersoftenusespecialtechniquestogetconsumers（消费者）tobuyproducts,servicesandideas.

Veryoften,wearepersuaded（劝说）tobuyaproductorservicebecauseofwhatweseeonthetelevision,hearon

theradio,orreadonsocialmedia.

Advertisinghasencouragedtheshiftfromneeds-basedtowants-basedproduction.Advertisingtechniques

thatgetconsumerstobuymoretogetgreaterdiscount（折扣），oftenattractconsumerstobuywhattheydonot

needtoen