第七讲英语汉语对比-形合意合

第七讲英语汉语对比--形合意合AContrastiveStudybetweenChineseandEnglishHypotaxisvs.parataxis[page31]

Themostimportantdifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesliesinparataxisandhypotaxis．MostlinguistsagreeChinesetendstobeaparatacticlanguage,thatis,connectivesbetweendifferentpartsofthesentenceorbetweenclausesarenotcompulsory.ChinesehasnorelativewordsandusesfewerconjunctionsthanEnglish.Englishtendstobeahypotacticlanguage,whichusesalotofcomplexsentencestructuresandrelationsbetweenclausesmustbeexpressedbyconjunctionsorotherrelativewords．Warm-up1.Welaughedaswesangandwedanced.2.Beforethemlaymilesandmilesofbeautifulplainwithlotsofwildanimalsamongthegrass.3.Chillygustsofwindwithatasteofraininthemhadwellnighdispeopledthestreet.4.想要什么吃的，什么玩的，只管告诉我；丫头老婆们不好了，也只管告诉我。Reference1.我们又唱又跳又笑。2.他们眼前是一片绵延数英里的美丽草原，绿草茵茵，野生动物出没其间。3.阵阵寒风带着雨意飕飕袭来，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有了行人。（萧安溥，李郊《英汉翻译教程》P78-79）4.Justtellme

if

youhaveafancyforanythingspecialtoeatorpassthetimewith.Whenahousemaidoranoldnursebecomesnasty,alsoletmeknow.(蒋坚松《英汉对比与汉译英研究》)TheEnglishareproudoftheprecisenessoftheirlanguage,whileweChineseareproudoftheconcisenessofourmothertongue.

——

著名学者、翻译家辜鸿铭

萧安溥，李郊《英汉翻译教程》P77就句子结构而论，西洋语言是法治的，中国语言是人治的。法治的不管用得着用不着，总要呆板地求句子形式的一律；人治的用得着就用，用不着的就不用，只要能使对话人听懂说话人的意思就算了。

——

著名语言学家王力

天净沙

·

秋思马致远枯藤老树昏鸦，小桥流水人家。古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。

page196Hypotaxisvs.parataxisThemanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.彩虹有多种颜色，外圈红，内圈紫。Thepresentonslaughtofvehiclesposesaseriousthreattourbanlifeandpedestrianpeaceofmind.车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

（许建平《英汉互译实践与技巧》）Hypotaxisvs.parataxis—exlesPracticeThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1500passengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.白星公司班轮“泰坦尼克”号在1912年的处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没，致使船上1500多名乘客全部落难。此后关于它的种种传说就一直成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。

PracticeItwouldhavebeendifficulttofindahappierchildthanIwasasIlayinmycribatthecloseofthateventfuldayandIlivedoverthejoysithadbroughtme,andforthefirsttimelongedforanewdaytocome.当那感慨万千的一天就要结束时，我躺在自己的小床里，感受这一天带给我的那些快乐，我觉得没有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期盼着新一天的来临。在这个意义重大的日子即将结束的时候，我躺在小床上回顾一天的欢乐，这时恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。我生平第一次盼望着新的一天快快到来。这种人老是摆(被)动，在紧要关头老是止步不前，老是需要别人在他的背上击一猛掌，才肯向前跨进一步。Suchpeoplearealwayspassive:Theyoftenstandstillatthecriticalmoment,andalwaysneedsomeonetoshovethemhardonthebacktomakethemmoveastepforward.Suchpeoplearealwayspassiveinthatatthecriticalmomenttheystandstillandhavetobegivenahardshoveinthebackbefore

theytakeastepforward．

page191

Hypotaxisvs.parataxis—exlesHypotaxisvs.parataxis—exles

学院请来一位洋教授，长得挺怪，红脸，金发，连鬓大胡须，有几根胡子一直逾过面颊，挨近鼻子；……

冯骥才：《西式幽默》OurinstituteemployedanEnglishteacher.Helookedverystrange—redfaced,golden-haired,withathickgrowthofwhiskersthatreachedallthewaytothenose.

刘先农译燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？

朱自清《匆匆》Swallowsmayhavegone,butthere’satimeofreturn;willowtreesmayhavediedback,butthere’satimeofregreening;peachblossomsmayhavefallen,buttheywillbloomagain.Now,youthewise,tellme,whyshouldourdaysleaveus,nevertoreturn?

朱纯深译盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界。

Nomatterhowhotitis“outside”,onceyoustepontothetrailthroughtheforestonMoganMountaininZhejiangProvince,thesweatwithdrawsfromyourbody.Inaddition,thebreezerefreshesyouwithagentlecaress.Howcoolitis!

陈宏薇《汉英翻译基础》

Practice播种时，必须注意把种子均匀散开，这样种子在生长时就不过分拥挤，每粒种子就可以得到充足的阳光、空气、水分和养料。

Whenseedsareplanted,careistakenthattheyarewellspreadout,sothattheplantsarenotcrowdedwhentheygrow.Thisensuresthateachseedobtainssufficientlight,air,waterandfood.

灾难深重的中华民族，一百年来，其优秀人物奋斗牺牲，前赴后继，摸索救国救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。

Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster-riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inquestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongsandtears.HomeworkEx.I&II,200工作日，全家都忙着干活，爸爸准备备课笔记，撰写专著与论文；妈妈退休了，主要忙于家务，为全家准备可口的饭菜，营造舒适的生活环境；我则积极准备考博。一到周末，我们总喜欢坐汽车到附近乡下去兜风。(1)Onweekdays,ourwholefamilyisfullyengaged.Fathermakespreparationforhisclassesorwritingmonographsorresearchpapers;retired,motherismainlyengagedinhousework,preparingdeliciousfoodandmaintainingacomfortablelivingenvironmentforus.Iampreparingfortheph.Dentranceexamination.Assoonasweekendcomes,wewill,however,drivetothenearbycountryforanexcursion.(2)Weekdaysalwayswitnessourfamilyfullyengaged:Fatherisengagedinpreparinghisclassesorwritingmonographsorresearchpapers;Mother,retiredalready,ismainlyengaged