考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编37(题后含答案及解析)

考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编37(题后含答案及解析)全部题型2.ReadingComprehensionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)基于经济利己主义的环保制度不可取——2010年英译汉及详解Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunity,andifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenon-economiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.【F1】Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.Theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet,【F2】butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.【F3】Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon“worthless”species.Hereagain,theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatweherethemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersofthecommunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthesakeofbenefit,realorfancied,toitself.Somespeciesoftreehavebeen“readoutoftheparty”byeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.【F4】InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.Moreoversomehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoilfertility.Theinterdependenceoftheforestanditsconstituenttreespecies,groundflora,andfaunaistakenforgranted.Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.【F5】Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.Itassumes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.1．【F1】正确答案：科学家们迅速来救驾，但拿出的证据明显不可靠，其大意是：如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。解析：本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。本句的中心句是Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidence，后面的that引导了一个同位语从句。后面if引导的条件状语从句是修饰that从句的。2．【F2】正确答案：但是我们至少近乎承认：不管鸟类对我们有没有经济价值，生存下去都是它们的固有权利。解析：本句考查的重点是：介词短语的译法。此句的主干是wehavedrawnnearthepoint。这里有一个介词短语ofadmittingthat…，这是修饰point的定语。这里that从句做admit的宾语从句。regardlessof引导让步状语。3．【F3】正确答案：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康，或者说它们只是捕食“没有价值”的物种。曾经．生物学家有点滥用了这条证据。解析：本句考查的重点是：同位语从句。本句的主干是tilmewas，when…。这里的when引导的是表语从句。Timewaswhen是一个固定短语，意为“从前，曾经”。这里两个并列同位语从句的翻译也要格外注意，要把语序调整到中文的语序。4．【F4】正确答案：在生态林业较为发达的欧洲，人们认为那些非经济树种是当地森林群落的组成部分，因而理应受到保护。解析：本句考查的重点是：主动语态和被动语态的转换。本句的主干是thenon—commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofthenativeforestcommunity，这里的“arerecognized”是被动语态，处理被动语态时候注意翻译技巧中主被动的转化。本句的开头是where引导的定语从句，tobepreserved用来修饰non-commercialtreespecies。withinreason的意思是“合情合理，在情理之中”。5．【F5】正确答案：这一体系往往忽视并最终消灭很多陆地生物群落的物种，它们缺乏商业价值，但对整个生物群落的健康运行却至关重要。解析：本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。本句的主干是Ittendstoignoremanyelements，句中的两个that引导的从句在语义上构成转折关系，结构上属于两个并列的定语从句，修饰thelandcommunity。本句还有插入语、定语从句以及代词，在处理翻译时应注意正常的语序。法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义——2007年英译汉及详解ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.However,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.【F1】Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.【F2】Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.【F3】Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.【F4】Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.【F5】Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.6．【F1】正确答案：传统上，学习法律在这类学校里一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。解析：本句考查的重点是：such…as…和ratherthan平行结构的译法。本句是一个简单句，主干为…legallearninghasbeenviewedas…，ratherthan…。Traditionally为副词作状语，view…as中间插入介词短语insuchinstitutions作状语，as的宾语是thespecialpreserveoflawyers…(as)anecessarypartof…，ratherthan连接两个并列的宾语。oftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson作anecessarypart的后置定语。7．【F2】正确答案：另一方面，法律又将这些观念与日常实际联系在一起，就像新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法一样。解析：本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。句子主干为…itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealities，inamanner…作方式状语，里面有一个which引导的定语从句修饰manner，该定语从句里面又嵌套了一个省略关系代词that的定语从句thelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasis和一个由连接词as引导的时间状语从句theycoverandcommentonthenews。此外，句子中的it指代上文的law，theseconcepts指代前文的justice，democracyandfreedom，翻译时要具体译出来，以使汉语表达清楚明白。8．【F3】正确答案：但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，这个观点建立在对新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任理解的基础上。解析：本句考查的重点是：同位语从句的译法。本句的主干为…theidea…restsonanunderstanding…。that…为同位语从句，作idea的同位语；oftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia为介词结构作understanding的后置定语。同位语从句与定语从句的翻译策略相似，如果从句长的话，就采用拆译法，即“…，这个观点…”；如果从句较短，就采用合译法，即“…这个观点”。这里应采用拆译法。9．【F4】正确答案：事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。解析：本句考查的重点是：形式主语和定语从句。本句的主干为…itisdifficulttosee…，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。不定式里面含有how引导的宾语从句howjournalists…candoacompetentjob…，作see的宾语。onpoliticalstories作后置定语修饰job。whodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitution为定语从句修饰journalists。此外，haveacleargraspof意为“深刻领会、清楚了解”。这一搭配，考生应铭记于心。10．【F5】正确答案：尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解并作出自己的判断。解析：本句考查的重点是：让步状语从句。本句的主干为…itispreferableforjournaliststorelyon…andmake…，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。While引导的让步状语从句译为“尽管…”，为符合汉语表达习惯需增译“但是…”。preferable“更可取的，更好的”，这里处理为副词“最好…”。relyon意为“依靠，凭借，根据”。欧洲的电视媒体——2005年英译汉及详解ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.【F1】Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed—andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.【F2】InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.【F3】Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin1989.Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.【F4】Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice—thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreonco-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.【F5】Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”—andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity”.Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.11．【F1】正确答案：电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在最近的欧洲事务中，电视把不同的民族和国家联结在一起，作用之大前所未有。解析：本句考查的重点是：被动语态的转换和并列句的译法。本句以破折号为界，可看作是and连接的并列句，and前面的分句主干为Televisionisoneofthemeans…，后接bywhich引导的定语从句；and后面的分句主干为perhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuch…，toconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations为不定式结构作目的状语，as引导比较状语从句，补全为as(ithasservedtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations)intherecenteventsinEurope。12．【F2】正确答案：在欧洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团把相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。解析：本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。本句主干为multi—mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful．分号后面为主语multi—mediagroups的同位语，里面有个which引导的定语从句，又嵌套了定语从句thatworkinrelationtooneanother修饰houses。InEurope作地点状语，aselsewhere作比较状语。①定语从句thatworkinrelationtooneanother由于较短可译为前置定语。②multi—mediagroups译为“传媒集团”，而不是“多媒体集团”。13．【F3】正确答案：仅这一点就表明在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也证实了这个事实：在80家欧洲电视网中，1989年出现亏损的不少于50％。解析：本句考查的重点是：从句的辨别和主被动态的转换。本句主干为Thisalonedemonstratesthat…，thetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein作demonstrates的宾语，afactunderlinedbystatistics…为同位语结构，thatshow…为定语从句修饰statistics，thatoutofeighty…为宾语从句，作show的宾语。①同位语结构中的underlined为被动语态，可译为主动语态“统计数据也证明了这个事实”，后加冒号，修饰statistics的定语从句可单独翻译放在冒号后面。②underline本意为“加下划线，强调”，句子中与fact搭配可译为“证实”。14．【F4】正确答案：不同的文化和传统将欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特色”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。解析：本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。本句主干为Creatinga“Europeanidentity”…isnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice，thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditions…为定语从句修饰“Europeanidentity”，里面又嵌套个定语从句whichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinent修饰differentculturesandtraditions。①嵌套式定语从句使得后置定语太长，翻译时要理清思路，根据汉语表达习惯，调整语序进行翻译。②结合上下文知道Europeanidentity是不同于北美的、带有欧洲特色的标志，因此译为“特色、品牌”比较合适。③fabric本义为“纤维，织物，构造”，这里比喻不同的文化传统将欧洲大陆联系起来，像织物一样紧密，因此makeup…fabric(组成…的纤维)可以意译为“编织”。④因为美洲被称为“新大陆”，因此theOldContinent(旧大陆)特指欧洲。15．【F5】正确答案：在应付如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”解析：本句考查的重点是：形式主语和介词短语的用法。本句结构较简单，indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale为介词结构作状语，itisnoexaggerationtosay…为主干部分，it是形式主语，真正主语是tosay“Unitedwestand，dividedwefall”，过去分词united和divided分别在两个分句中作条件状语。本句的关键是引号中两个并列分句的翻译。Unitedwestand，dividedwefall改自肯尼迪总统的一句话“United，thereislittlewecannotdo，divided，thereislittlewecando”，译文最好能够对仗，体现出文学色彩。现代政府依赖专家人才——2000年英译汉及详解Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.【F1】Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.【F2】Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.【F3】Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,【F4】intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.【F5】Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentsare