陕西省咸阳市实验中学2024-2025学年高二英语上学期第二次月考试题含解析

PAGE25-陕西省咸阳市试验中学2024-2025学年高二英语上学期其次次月考试题（含解析）第I卷（共90分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）该部分分为第一、其次两节。留意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束时，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Havingabirthdayparty.B.Doingsomeexercise.C.GettingLydiaagift.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Helptheman.B.Takeabus.C.Getacamera.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.TellKatetostop.B.CallKate’sfriends.C.StayawayfromKate.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inawineshop.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inarestaurant.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Keepthewindowclosed.B.Gooutforfreshair.C.Turnonthefan.其次节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemangoingtodothissummer?A.Teachacourse.B.Repairhishouse.C.Workatahotel.7.Howwillthemanusethemoney?A.Tohireagardener.B.Tobuybooks.C.Topayforaboattrip.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Colleagues.C.Roommates.9.WhatdoesFrankplantodorightaftergraduation?A.Workasaprogrammer.B.Travelaroundtheworld.C.Starthisownbusiness.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?A.Tobookahotel.B.Toaskabouttheroomservice.C.Tomakechangestoareservation.11.Whenwillthewomanarriveatthehotel?A.OnSeptember15.B.OnSeptember16.C.OnSeptember23.12.Howmuchwillthewomanpayforherroompernight?A.$179.B.$199.C.$219.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewoman’splanforSaturday?A.Goingshopping.B.Goingcamping.C.Goingboating.14.WherewillthewomanstayinKeswick?A.Inacountryinn.B.Inafive-starhotel.C.Inheraunt’shome.15.WhatwillGordondoovertheweekend?A.Visithisfriends.B.WatchDVDs.C.Jointhewoman.16.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofGordon’scomingweekend?A.Relaxed.B.Boring.C.Busy.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhoisWangMing?A.Astudent.B.Anemployer.C.Anengineer.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollegejobmarketthisyear?A.It’sunpredictable.B.It’squitestable.C.It’snotoptimistic.19.Whatpercentageofstudentjobseekershavefoundajobbynow?A.20%B.22%.C.50%.20.Whyareengineeringgraduatesmorelikelytoacceptajob?A.Theyneedmoreworkexperience.B.Thesalaryisusuallygood.C.Theirchoiceislimited.其次部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。ASharewithus!Wouldyouliketohaveyourwritingpublishedinthismagazine?Thenletusknow!Wepayforstories,anecdotesandjokes:AnecdotesandJokes$50What’smadeyoulaughrecently?Afunnysign?Acolleague’sbehaviour?Gotajoke?SenditinforLaughteristheBestMedicine!Email:Juliet@swsSmartAnimalsUpto$100Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsorwildlifeinupto300words.Email:audrey@swsPowerofLoveUpto$150Actsofgenerositycanchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfulloflove.Shareyourmomentsin100-500words.Email:susan@swsMyStory$350Doyouhaveaninspiringorlife-changingstorytotell?Yourstorymustbetrue,unpublished,originaland800-1000words.Email:nanjc@swsFormoreinformation,pleasevisit:://sws./share1.Howmuchwillthemagazinepayforajoketobepublished?A.$50. B.$100. C.$150. D.$350.2.Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders,youneedtosubmititto________.A.AnecdotesandJokes B.SmartAnimalsC.PowerofLove D.MyStory3.Astoryshowingpeople’sgenerosityshouldbeemailedtotheeditorat________.A.juliet@sws B.susan@swsC.Audrey@sws D.nanjc@sws4.Aninspiringstorysenttothemagazineshould________.A.describestrangebehaviour B.containlessthan800wordsC.berealandoriginal D.bepublishedbefore【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广告。是某个杂志的一个征稿启示，具体介绍了各个版块征稿的要求和稿费。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据AnecdotesandJokes部分提到的$50可知，刊登一个笑话付费50美元。故选A项正确。【2题详解】推理推断题。依据SmartAnimals部分提到的句子“Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsorwildlifeinupto300words.(用300个字给我们讲一个关于独特宠物或野生动物惊奇行为的故事)”可知，假如你想与读者共享宠物故事，应提交给SmartAnimals。故选B项正确。【3题详解】推理推断题。依据PowerofLove部分提到的句子“Actsofgenerositycanchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfulloflove.Shareyourmomentsin100-500words.Email:susan@sws(慷慨的行为可以变更生活，或者只是给你充溢爱的暖和感觉．用100-500个单词共享你的时刻．电子邮箱：susan@sws．com)”可知，展示人们慷慨的故事应发送电子邮件到邮箱是susan@sws的编辑。故选B正确。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据MyStory部分提到的句子“Yourstorymustbetrue,unpublished,originaland800-1000words.”可知，发送给杂志的鼓舞人的故事应是真实的原创的。故选C项正确。【点睛】对阅读理解实力的测试是英语考试中必不行少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解实力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获实力。测试中细微环节题的考查占的比重最大，因此学生应对这样的试题赐予足够的重视。细微环节题，顾名思义，就是指针对文章的某个细微环节而设置的试题。细微环节题的命题方法许多，例如对某个细微环节用同义结构转换后进行考查，也可能是将文章中的几个细微环节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生推断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细微环节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即依据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案（此时要特殊留意一些常见的同义转换）。同时学生也应留意一些做题技巧。1.关键信息定位法。如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细微环节信息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如First，Next，Finally等等。例如：第一题1.Howmuchwillthemagazinepayforajoketobepublished?A.$50.B.$100.C.$150.D.$350.文章中给出不同文章不同的稿酬，依据题干可以定位在第一部分AnecdotesandJokes$50，因此可知刊登一个笑话付费50美元。故选A项正确。2.同义定位法。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一样，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键词的基础上拐了个弯。总之，在阅读中，精准快速的定位加上正确的理解力才能保证做题的量与质。定位法是须要在做题的过程中有意识的培育的，做题的技巧也是可以总结的，关键是要自觉培育这种分析归纳和总结的意识以及实力。BPapa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.So,theworldbecamehisschool.Withgreatinterest,hereadeverythinghecouldlayhishandson,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworldbeyondhistinyhometown."There'ssomuchtolearn,"he'dsay."Thoughwe'rebornstupid,onlythestupidremainthatway.”Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedeniedaneducation.Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Though,aschildren,wethoughtthiswascrazy,itwouldneverhaveoccurredtoustodenyPapaarequest.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.Papawouldlistencarefullyandwasreadywithsomecomment,alwaystothepoint.Thencamethemoment—thetimetosharetheday'snewlearning.Papa,attheheadofthetable,wouldpushbackhischairandpouraglassofredwine,readytolisten."Felice,"he'dsay,"tellmewhatyoulearnedtoday.”"IlearnedthatthepopulationofNepalis”Silence.Papawasthinkingaboutwhatwassaid,asifthesalvationoftheworldwoulddependuponit.“ThepopulationofNepal.Hmm.Well....”he’dsay.“Getthemap;let'sseewhereNepalis.”AndthewholefamilywentonasearchforNepal.Thissameexperiencewasrepeateduntileachfamilymemberhadaturn.Dinnerendedonlyafterwehadaclearunderstandingofatleasthalfadozensuchfacts.Aschildren,wethoughtverylittleabouttheseeducationalwonders.Ourfamily,however,wasgrowingtogether,sharingexperiencesandparticipatinginoneanother'seducation.Andbylookingatus,listeningtous,respectingourinput,affirmingourvalue,givingusasenseofdignity,Papawasunquestionablyourmostinfluentialteacher.Laterduringmytrainingasafutureteacher,Istudiedwithsomeofthemostfamouseducators.TheywereimpartingwhatPapahadknownallalong—thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.Notasingledayhasbeenwasted,thoughIcannevertellwhenknowingthepopulationofNepalmightproveuseful.5.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theauthor'sfatherwasborninaworker'sfamily.B.Thosebornstupidcouldnotchangetheirlife.C.Thetownelderswantedtolearnabouttheworld.D.Thepoorcouldhardlyaffordschooleducation.6.Theunderlinedword"it"inthesecondparagraphrefersto.A.onenewthing B.arequestC.thenews D.somecomment7.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.enjoyedtalkingaboutnewsBknewverywellaboutNepalC.feltregretaboutthosewasteddaysD.appreciatedhisfather'seducationaltechnique8.Theauthor'sfathercanbebestdescribedas.A.aneducatorexpertattrainingfutureteachersB.aparentinsistentonhischildren'seducationC.aparticipantwillingtosharehisknowledgeD.ateacherstrictabouteverythinghisstudentsdid【答案】5.D6.C7.D8.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者的父亲虽然出身穷苦人家很早就辍学了，但重视学习和教化，要求家人们每天在晚饭时共享今日所学的学问，这一习惯对作者影响深远。【5题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句“Papa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.”可知，作者的父亲早早辍学就是因为家中贫困，那时的教化只有富人才能享受得起。故选D项。【6题详解】词义揣测题。依据其次段划线词所在句“Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.”可知，每天作者一家人会谈论今日见闻，不论有多么不值一提，都会被仔细对待，明显这里的it指代的就是thenewsoftheday。故选C项。【7题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段中“TheywereimpartingwhatPapahadknownallalong—thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.”可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，让作者在自己的教室生涯乃至一生中都受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲的教化理念是心存感谢的。故选D项。【8题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段最终一句“Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedeniedaneducation.”和其次段第一句“Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.”可知，作者的父亲决心让自己的孩子接受教化，并且坚持终身学习的理念，B选项“一个坚持让子女接受教化的父亲”符合文意。故选B项。【点睛】词义揣测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，要求考生精确理解文中某些关键单词或词组的含义，包括对超纲词义的推断以及熟词生义的揣测，须要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的含义。揣测词义的方法一般有以下几种：1.通过构词法（派生、合成、转化）揣测。2.通过已有的同义词或反义词揣测，即在上下文找出该生词的其他表示方法，由此推断其含义。3.通过同位语揣测。4.通过说明性的词语，如thatis，thatistosay，inotherwords等，以及标点符号，如破折号、括号等引出的对该词的说明性词、句揣测。5.通过具体语境中体现出来的某种关系，如因果关系、转折关系等进行揣测。第2小题的指代揣测就是结合语境在前句中找出对应的指代对象，由此作出了推断。CInancientEgyptashopkeeperdiscoveredthathecouldattractcustomerstohisshopsimplybymakingchangestoitsenvironment.Modernbusinesseshavebeenfollowinghislead,withmoretactics(策略).Onetacticinvolveswheretodisplaythegoods.Forexample,storesplacefruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection.Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfood(垃圾食品)laterintheirtrip.Indepartmentstores,thewomen’sshoesectionisgenerallynexttothewomen’scosmetics(化妆品)section:whiletheshopassistantisgoingbacktofindtherightsizeshoe,boredcustomersarelikelytowanderoverandfindsomecosmeticstheymightwanttotrylater.Besides,businessesseektoappealtocustomers’senses.Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshopping,sotheymaketheirownbreadeachmorningandthenfanthebreadsmellintothestorethroughouttheday.Musicsellsgoods,too.ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenFrenchmusicwasplayed,salesofFrenchwineswentup.Whenitcomestothesellingofhouses,businessesalsousehighlyrewardingtactics.Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisionsinthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor,andturnitintoabusinessopportunity.ACaliforniabuilderdesignedthestructureofitshousessmartly.Whenenteringthehouse,thecustomerwouldseethePacificOceanthroughthewindows,andthenthepoolthroughanopenstairwayleadingtothelowerlevel.Theinstantviewofwateronbothlevelshelpedsellthese$10millionhouses.9.Whydostoresusuallydisplayfruitsandvegetablesinthefirstsection?A.Tosavecustomerstime. B.Toshowtheyarehighqualityfoods.C.Tohelpselljunkfood. D.Tosellthematdiscountprices.10.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingencouragescustomerstobuy?A.Openingthestoreearlyinthemorning. B.DisplayingBritishwinesnexttoFrenchones.C.Invitingcustomerstoplaymusic. D.Fillingthestorewiththesmelloffreshbread.11.WhatistheCaliforniabuilder’sstoryintendedtoprove?A.Thehousestructureisakeyfactorcustomersconsider.B.Themorecostlythehouseis,thebetteritsells.C.Anoceanviewismuchtothecustomers’taste.D.Agoodfirstimpressionincreasessales.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowbusinessesturnpeopleintotheircustomers.B.Tointroducehowbusinesseshavegrownfromthepast.C.Toreportresearchesoncustomerbehavior.D.Toshowdishonestbusinesspractices.【答案】9.C10.D11.D12.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。自从古埃及的一家店主发觉了可以通过变更商场的环境吸引顾客以来，现代社会中越来越多的商场采纳了这种商业战略。即利用商店的布局，物品的摆设，甚至食品的气味来刺激顾客对商品的购买。此外，房地产的销售部门也在运用这一高回报的销售策略。【9题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段Theyknowthatcustomerswhobuythehealthyfoodfirstwillfeelhappysothattheywillbuymorejunkfood(垃圾食品)laterintheirtrip.可知，他们知道，首先购买健康食品的顾客会感到兴奋，因此他们会在以后的旅行中购买更多的垃圾食品。所以把水果放在惹眼的位置是为了吸引消费者，然后在不知不觉中购买稍后要看到的那些垃圾食品。故选C。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段内容Storesnoticethatthesmellofbakedgoodsencouragesshopping可知，商店留意到烘焙食品的味道激励购物。由此推断出烤面包的味道能够起到刺激消费者购买的目的。故选D。【11题详解】推理推断题。文章末段提出Theyfindthatcustomersmakedecisionsinthefirstfewsecondsuponwalkinginthedoor,andturnitintoabusinessopportunity.可知，他们发觉顾客在进门的最初几秒钟就做出确定，这就是一个商机。然后讲解并描述加利福尼亚卖房者的故事，由此推断加州建筑商的故事想要证明良好的第一印象会增加销售额。故选D。【12题详解】推理推断题。自从古埃及的一家店主发觉了可以通过变更商场的环境吸引顾客以来，现代社会中越来越多的商场采纳了这种商业战略。即利用商店的布局，物品的摆设，甚至食品的气味来刺激顾客对商品的购买。此外，房地产的销售部门也在运用这一高回报的销售策略。所以这篇短文的主要目的是说明企业如何把人变成顾客。故选A项。DFLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways＂seemeasaforeigner,＂anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.13.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItalyD.TobettermixwiththeItalians.14.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay____________.A.reduceItaly’spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools15.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.【答案】13.A14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。首先向我们呈现出这样一种现象：一位叫SvetlanaCojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够接着留在意大利，她必需进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来民进行语言测试的缘由以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最终告知我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。【13题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段其次句“butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatest…”可知，Cojochru为了能够接着留在意大利才要参与语言考试的。故选A。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段第一句“suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration”,可知一些人担忧对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人之间的不包涵。由此推断出有些人担忧新的语言要求可能会引起人与人之间的冲突。故选B。【15题详解】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段最终一句“eventhoughshe‘sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently”可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作。故选C。其次节（（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Trainingforamarathon(马拉松)requirescarefulpreparationandsteady,gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.___16___,buythebest-fittingrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet,soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.___17___.Asalways,youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.___18___,itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.___19___.Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.___20___.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.A.AftersixdaysB.ForagoodmarathonrunnerC.BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD.Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmileE.IftheystillfeelgoodyoucanbeginrunninginthemF.TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG.Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.D20.G【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好打算：打算好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；其次周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，起先计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的安排。【16题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理推断实力。依据空后buythebest-fittingrunningshoesyoucanfind（买一双你能找到的最合适的跑鞋）可知，此处是为了跑马拉松进行的打算工作。由此可知，C项Beforeyoubeginyourtraining（在你起先训练之前）符合文意。故选C。【17题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理推断实力。依据空前Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble­checkthefit.（当你找到一双合适的鞋子，穿上几天再检查一下是否合脚）可知，E选项中they指的是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一样性，另外feelgood与thefit有关。由此可知，E项Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthem（假如它们仍旧感觉不错，你就可以穿着它们起先跑步了）符合文意。故选E.【18题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理推断实力。依据空前Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。）可知，此处提到了一周七天的时间。再依据空后itiswisetotakeadayofftorest（明智的做法是休息一天）可知，剩余的就是六天的时间。由此可知，A项Aftersixdays（六天后）符合文意。故选A.【19题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理推断实力。依据空前面Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.（但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）可知，此处指在距离上起先制定目标。由此可知，D项Witheachday,increasethedistancebyahalfmile（每天增加半英里的距离）符合文意。故选D.【20题详解】考查对上下文的理解和推理推断实力。依据上文Duringthefirstweek,donotthinkaboutdistance,butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.Butduringthenextweek,setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）及Aftertwoweeks,starttimingyourself.（两周后起先计时）可知，此处提到了逐日增加跑步的时间和长度，两周后最自己起先计时。由此可知，G项Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime.（现在，你打算好去制定一个提高距离和时间的目标）符合文意。故选G.第三部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The___21___isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof___22___becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe___23___athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto___24___anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.___25___modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland___26___.Anothercauseisour___27___ofdisposable(一次性的)products.As___28___people,wearealwayslookingfor___29___tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies____30____thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso____31____totheproblem.Weare____32____buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat____33____isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe____34____usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe____35____ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To____36____theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe____37____,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.____38____,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解决)ourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions____39____throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout____40____.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.21.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem22.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products23.A.face B.become C.observe D.change24.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw25.A.Thanksto B.Asto C.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof26.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful27.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division28.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy29.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends30.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve31.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes32.A.tiredof B.addictedto C.worriedabout D.ashamedfor33.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger34.A.pickup B.payfor C.holdonto D.throwaway35.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences36.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure37.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands38.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile39.A.by B.infavourof C.after D.insteadof40.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising【答案】21.D22.B23.B24.C25.A26.C27.A28.D29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.D36.C37.B38.A39.D40.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是积累如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来便利的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾积累如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A.key答案；B.reason缘由；C.project项目；D.problem问题。依据上文Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.可知，此处指带来的问题。故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是，世界各国的垃圾积累如山，因为人们扔出的垃圾比以往任何时候都多。A.gifts礼物；B.rubbish垃圾；C.debt债务；D.products产品。依据下文中的throwingoutmorerubbish可知，此处指如山的垃圾。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会的？A.face面对；B.become成为；C.observe视察；D.change变更。依据语境可知，此处在问我们如何成为了一个一次性的社会。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，现在替换一个物体要比花时间和金钱来修复它更简单。A.hide隐藏；B.control限制；C.replace代替；D.withdraw撤退。依据下文thantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.可知，我们可以更简单地替换一个物体。故选C。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够快速而廉价地制造产品。A.Thanksto幸亏，由于；B.Asto至于，关于；C.Exceptfor除……之外；D.Regardlessof不管，不顾。依据句意可知，此处表示缘由。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。A.safe平安的；B.funny滑稽可笑的；C.cheap便宜的；D.powerful强大的，强有力的。依据上文___5___modernmanufacturing(制造业)andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.可知，产品丰富多样并且廉价。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个缘由是我们对一次性产品的宠爱。A.love爱；B.lack缺乏；C.prevention预防，阻挡；D.division部门，分割。依据下文As___8___people,wearealwayslookingfor___9___tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.可知，我们宠爱一次性产品。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为劳碌的人，我们总是在找寻节约时间和使我们的生活更简单的方法。A.sensitive敏感的；B.kind亲善的；C.brave英勇的；D.busy劳碌的。依据下文tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier可知，劳碌的人总是在找寻节约时间和使我们的生活更简单的方法。故选D。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为劳碌的人，我们总是在找寻节约时间和使我们的生活更简单的方法。A.ways方法；B.places地方；C.jobs工作；D.friends挚友。依据语境可知，此处指我们总是在找寻节约时间和使我们的生活更简单的方法。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品：纸盘子、塑料杯、照相机等等。A.donate捐赠；B.receive收到；C.produce生产；D.preserve爱护，维持。依据语境可知，此处指公司生产成千上万的不同种类的一次性产品。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们对新产品的需求也导致了这个问题。A.adaptsto适应；改编；B.returnsto返回；回复；C.respondsto对……做出反应；D.contributesto有助于，导致。依据语境可知，此处指导致了这个问题。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。A.tiredof对……厌倦；B.addictedto对……上瘾，痴迷于……；C.worriedabout担忧；D.ashamedfor为……感到惭愧。依据上文Ourappetitefornewproductsalso___11___totheproblem.可知，我们热衷于购买新东西。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：广告劝服我们，越新越好，我们会更乐于运用最新产品。A.newer更新的；B.stronger更强的；C.higher更高的；D.larger更大的。依据下文thatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.可知，广告劝服我们，产品越新越好。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。A.pickup捡起，学会；B.payfor付款；赔偿；C.holdonto紧紧抓住，抓住不放，保持住；D.throwaway扔掉，丢弃。依据下文tomakeroomfornewones.可知，此处指扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。A.advantages优势，优点；B.purposes目的；C.functions功能；D.consequences后果，结果。依据下文Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.可知，此处指一次性生活方式的后果。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了削减垃圾的数量和爱护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。A.show显示，表明；B.record记录，记载；C.decrease削减；D.measure测量，权衡。依据下文moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.可知，此处指为了削减垃圾的数量。故选C。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：A.technology技术；B.environment环境；C.consumers消费者；D.brands品牌。依据下文moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.可知，此处指爱护环境。故选B。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不足以解决我们的问题。A.However可是，然而；B.Otherwise否则；C．Therefore所以；D.Meanwhile与此同时。依据语境可知，前后是转折关系。故选A。【39题详解】考查介词（短语）辨析。句意：我们须要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。A.by通过；B.infavourof支持，赞成；C.after在……之后；D.insteadof而不是。依据语境可知，前后是对比关系。故选D。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还须要重新思索我们对消费的看法。A.spending消费；B.collecting收集；C.repairing修复；D.advertising作广告。依据语境可知，此处指重新思索我们对消费的看法。故选A。第Ⅱ卷第三部分英语学问运用（共两节，满分45分）其次节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible____41____(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand____42____work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,____43____(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover____44____top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines____45____(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen____46____(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesm