初升高英语无忧衔接及新课预习（全国）衔接点12 句子成分及基本句型（解析版）

衔接点12句子成分及基本句型（初高考点差异及衔接）初中要求初中简单学习英语句子的成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O

（主+谓+宾）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C

（主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A

（主+谓+宾+状）基本句型高中要求高中学习的句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O

（主+谓+宾）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C

（主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A

（主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。【初中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】一.英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。（1）主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。Heisastudent.他是一名学生。（代词he作主语）（2）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。由动词或动词短语充当。Shelovescats.她喜爱猫。（动词love作谓语）（3）宾语：指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。一般由名词或代词充当。WespeakChinese.我们讲汉语。（名词Chinese作宾语）（4）定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。主要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。Ilikelightmusic.我喜欢轻音乐。（形容词light作定语）（5）补语：主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。Hewillbuymeagift.他将给我买份礼物。（agift作宾语me的补语）（6）状语：说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。一般由副词或状语从句充当。HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看电视。（athome作状语指明动作发生的地点）（7）表语：说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态，位于系动词后面。由名词、形容词等充当。Myfatherisawriter.我父亲是一名作家。（awriter作表语）二.六种基本句型基本句型例句1S+V（主+谓）Class

begins.

开始上课了。2S+V+O

（主+谓+宾）He

plays

the

piano.

他弹钢琴。3S+V+C

（主+系+表）We

are

students.

我们是学生。4S+V+IO+DO

（主+谓+间宾+直宾）She

gave

me

a

pen.

她给了我一支钢笔。5S+V+O+C

（主+谓+宾+宾补）He

made

the

boy

laugh.

他让那个男孩笑了。6S+V+O+A

（主+谓+宾+状）I

am

playing

the

piano

at

home.

我正在家里弹钢琴。分析下列句子成分1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity．---Iloveyoumorethanher，child8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Don'tgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike．12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.13.Hedidn'tcome．Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow．14.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.1.主语＋系动词＋表语2.主语＋系动词＋表语3.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语4.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5.主语＋及物动词＋宾语6.主语＋动词＋形式宾语it＋宾语补足语+宾语7.主语＋及物动词＋宾语8.主语＋系动词＋表语9.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语10.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语11.主语＋系动词＋表语12.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语13.主语＋系动词＋表语14.主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语15.主语＋不及物动词【高中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】考纲解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。及S+V（主+谓）、S+V+O

（主+谓+宾）、S+V+C

（主+系+表）、S+V+IO+DO

（主+谓+间宾+直宾）、S+V+O+C

（主+谓+宾+宾补）、S+V+O+A

（主+谓+宾+状）基本句型在各种题型中的应用。考点清单一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。主语：用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语：用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表语：用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）

二.简单句的基本句型重点用法①S+V→主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）用法：在此句型中，“主语+不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分。不及物动词后面不能直接带宾语。但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等，可以有状语来修饰。Classbegins.开始上课。 begin为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语Hisfatherhasgoneabroad.他父亲出国了。 状语abroad修饰动词Jimrunsinthepark.吉姆在公园里跑步。 inthepark作地点状语Westoppedtohavearest.我们停下来休息。 tohavearest作目的状语提示：一些动词既可以作不及物动词，也可以作及物动词。Theyareplayingontheplayground.他们在操场上玩。 play为不及物动词They’replayingfootball.他们在踢足球。 play为及物动词重点用法②S+V+O→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语用法：在此句型中，谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语等来充当。ShelikesEnglish.她喜欢英语。 名词作宾语Hestoppedwriting.他停下笔。 动词-ing形式作宾语Theywanttogo.他们想走。 不定式作宾语Sheknowswhattodonext.她知道下一步做什么。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语提示：有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。例如，在句子Youmustlistentome.（你必须听我的。）中，listen是不及物动词，但在加上to之后，listento相当于一个及物动词，其后可以跟宾语me。重点用法③S+V+P→主语+系动词+表语（+状语）用法：be动词和become是英语中常见的系动词，后面必须接表语，才能用来说明主语，表示“……是……”，“……变成……”等意思。表语通常由名词、副词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式等充当。Hebecameascientist.他成了一名科学家。 名词作表语Mysisterisoutnow.我姐姐现在出去了。 副词作表语Theyarehonest.他们是诚实的。 形容词作表语提示：在英语中，除了be动词和become属于系动词外，还有一些行为动词，当它们表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这类动词包括：appear出现come成为 feel摸起来get变得go变得 grow变得keep保持look看起来 seem看起来smell闻起来sound听起来 taste尝起来Childrengrowwiserastheygrow.孩子们随着年龄的增长会变聪明。TheLijiangRiverlooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.清晨，漓江看起来格外美丽。Dinnersmellsgood.饭菜闻起来很香啊。Hisvoicesoundedstrangeonthephone.他的声音在电话里听着挺怪的。Ilikethiskindofcake.Ittastesdeliciousverymuch.我喜欢这种蛋糕，它尝起来十分美味。重点用法④S+V+IO+DO→主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语用法：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语，二者合称双宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象；间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或物，也就是说，间接宾语是指动作是对谁做的，或是为谁做的，所以只能是名词或宾格代词担当间接宾语。IboughtJohnabirthdaypresent.我给约翰买了生日礼物。名词John是间接宾语，abirthdaypresent是直接宾语Pleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber.请告诉我你的电话号码。宾格代词me是间接宾语，yourtelephonenumber是直接宾语提示：间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前，构成句型“主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语”。在此句型中，间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语之后，构成“主语+谓语（及物动词）+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”句型。当直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词时，或者两个宾语都是人称代词时，需用此句型。Isentapostcardtomybestfriend.我给我最好的朋友发了一张明信片。Ipassedittomymother.我把它递给了我妈妈。Shethrewthemtome.她把它们扔给我。Ifoundaspareticketforhim.我为他找到了一张多余的票。ShallIorderataxiforyou?要我给你叫辆出租车吗？注意：须在间接宾语前加to的常见动词有：bring带来 post邮给 show给……看sell卖 send寄 take拿，取throw扔 write给……写信须在间接宾语前加for的常见动词有：book为……预定 buy买 call为……叫choose选择 cook做饭 find为……找到get得到 leave留下 make生产order为……订购 pick捡起 save为……节约有些动词后接双宾语时，既不能用to引起间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语。ask请求 cause导致 charge收费cost花费，使丧失 forgive原谅refuse拒绝Hechargedmefivedollarsforacupoftea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。Thisheroicdeedcosthimhislife.他为这一英雄壮举付出了生命。重点用法⑤S+V+O+OC→主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）用法：在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语等都可以作宾语补足语。Iwillmakeyoucaptain.我将让你当船长。ThemanageraskedAmandatoleave.经理要阿曼达离开。YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans.昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。HisspeechleftthePresidentinaverydifficultposition.他的话使总统处于艰难境地。提示：感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice；使役动词make，have，let等后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省去to。但变为被动语态时，to要还原。Hesawtheboyplaybytheriver.他看到这个男孩在河边玩耍。Theboywasseentoplaybytheriver.这个男孩被看到在河边玩耍。注意：上述感官动词等后既可以接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用动词-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已经结束，后者表示动作正在发生，一定要注意二者的区别。Hesawagirlinredgetonthebus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩上车了。上车的动作已经结束Hesawagirlinredgettingonthebus.他看见一个穿红色衣服的女孩正在上车。上车的动作正在进行一．根据每个词的词性、位置及与其它词之间的联系，判断它所充当的句子成分，并加以说明。

1.IamaChinesestudentnamedLiHua,2.AsastudentwhohaslearnedChinesepainting。3..Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

4..ThelocalartgallerywillholdanexhibitionofChinesepaintings5..MyfluentspokenEnglishandrichknowledgeaboutChinesepaintingswillhelpvisitorsunderstandthemeaningbehindeachpaintingdeeply.

6.We

willplayagainsttheteam

fromHongXingHighSchool.参考答案1.

I

am

a

Chinese

student

namedLiHua,

主

系

定

表

定2.

Asastudent

who

haslearned

Chinese

painting.

状语

定语从句3

Lookingforwardto

your

early

reply.

现在分词作状语

定语

定语

介词宾语4..

The

local

art

gallery

willhold

anexhibitionofChinesepaintings限定词

定语

定语

主语

谓语

名词词组作宾语5..My

fluent

spoken

English

and

rich

knowledge

aboutChinesepainting定语

定语

定语

主语

并列连词

主语

介词短语作后置定语will

help

visitors

understand

themeaning

behindeachpainting

deepy

.谓语”

宾语

不带to的不定式作宾补

介词短语作后置定语

状语6..

We

willplay

againsttheteam

fromHongXingHighSchool.

主语

谓语

介词短语作状语

介词短语作后置定语二．分析句子:阅读下列短文,判断其中粗体字所作的成分。一I'mafreshmanatseniorhighschool.Ihadtothink1.verycarefullyaboutwhichcoursesIwantedtotake.Theschooladviserhelpedme2.choosethesuitableones:maths,English,chemistry,worldhistory,andChinese.IknowthatChineseisaverydifficultlanguage,butIhopetobefluent3.whenIgraduate.MyadviserrecommendedthatIshouldsignupfor4.advancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.

答案1.状语2.(宾语)补语3.状语4.定语二1.SomeofthefirstpoemsayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.Theyareusually2.thetraditionalpoemsorfolksongs.Thelanguageoftheserhymes,like3.PoemA,istothepointbuthasastoryline.Manychildrenenjoynurseryrhymes4.becausetheyrhyme,haveastrongrhythm,andoftenrepeatthesamewords.Thepoemsmaynotmakesenseandevenseemcontradictory,buttheyareeasytolearnandrecite.Byplayingwiththewordsinnurseryrhymes,childrenlearnaboutlanguage.

答案1.主语2.表语3.宾语4.状语三Continuedgreenhousegasemissions1.willresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.Thisrequirestheattentionofpeopleallovertheworld.Governmentsneedtoconsidermakingpoliciesandtakingappropriateactionsandmeasures2.toreducegreenhousegasemissions.Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”by3.restrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.Itisourresponsibility4.toseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming,alongwithitscausesandimpacts,becausethisisthemostseriousissueaffectingallofusonthisplanet.

答案1.谓语2.状语3.宾语4.主语四Oneday,Clairementioned1.thatshedidn'tthinkshewasclever.TherobotcalledTonysaidthatshemustfeelveryunhappytosaythat.Clairethoughtitwasridiculous2.thatshewasbeingofferedsympathybyarobot,butshegraduallyadmiredhiswisdomandintegrityandbegantotrusthim.Healwaystreatedherwithdignity.Shetoldhimhowshewasunhappythatherhomewasn'telegantenoughforLarry,3.whowantedtoimprovehissocialpositionwithabiggersalary.Shewasn'tlikeGladysClaffern,4.oneoftherichestandmostpowerfulwomenaround.

答案1.宾语2.主语3.定语4.同位语一ForeignvisitorstotheUKmightbedisappointedwhentheylearnthatnoteveryonetherespeakslikeHarryPotterandhisfriends.Usually,there’sanassumptionbymanynon-BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciation(RP,标准发音)accent,alsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.However,whilemanypeopledotalkthisway,mostBritonsspeakintheirownregionalaccents.Scouse,GlaswegianandtheBlackCountry—fromLiverpool,GlasgowandtheWestMidlands—arejustthreeofthecountlessnon-RPaccentsthatBritishpeoplespeakwith.Thereareevendifferencesinaccentsbetweentownsorcitiesjust30kilometersapart.WhatisevenmoredisappointingisthatnotspeakinginaRPaccentmaymeanaBritishpersonisjudgedandeventreateddifferentlyintheireverydaylife.Ina2015studybytheUniversityofNewSouthWales,videosofpeoplereadingapassageinthreedifferentUKaccentswereshowntoasecondgroupofpeople.Thegroupthenratedhowintelligenttheythoughtthereaderssounded.Thelowest-ratedaccentwastheBrummieaccent,nativetopeoplefromBirmingham,acitywhoseaccentisconsideredtheworkingclass.However,thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginaRPaccent.Infact,doingtheoppositemayevengiveyouadvantages.

KongSeong-jae,25,isanInternetcelebrityfromSeoul.AfterstudyingintheUK,hepickedupseveralregionalaccents.He’snowfamousforhisonlinevideos,whereheshowsoffthevariousaccentshe’slearned.“BritishpeopleusuallygetreallyexcitedwhenIusesomeoftheirlocaldialectwords,andtheybecomemuchfriendlier.Ithinkitmakesabitofbondbetweenlocalpeopleandforeignerstospeakintheirlocalaccent,”hesaid.Soifyou’reworkingonperfectingyourBritishaccent,trytospeaklikesomeonefromLiverpool,GlasgoworBirmingham.YoumaynotsoundlikeHarryPotter,butyouarelikelytomakemorefriends.1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Non-BritsusuallyholdthatallBritonsspeakinaRPaccent.B.Only“theQueen’sEnglish”isacceptedintheUK.C.ForeignvisitorsaredisappointedattheirownspokenEnglish.D.AnyReceivedPronunciationaroundtheworldisalsocalled“theQueen’sEnglish”.2.WhatdopeoplethinkoftheBrummieaccent?A.ItisfavoredbyforeignvisitorstotheUK.B.ItisclosesttotheRPaccent.C.Itissmartandeasytounderstand.D.Itisspokenbypeopleoftheworkingclass.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“doingtheopposite”inParagraph4referto?A.SpeakinginaRPaccent.B.Speakinginregionalaccents.C.SpeakingtheBrummieaccent.D.SpeakinglikeHarryPotter.4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AstudyaboutthemostintelligentaccentinBritain.B.AcomparisonbetweendifferentBritishaccents.C.HowmuchBritishpeoplevaluetheRPaccent.D.Theimpactofregionalaccentsonpeople’slives.语篇导读本文主要讨论有关英式发音的相关方面的问题。本文向读者提供了一个与众不同的建议,就是去学习英国的一些地方方言,这样你可能会交到更多的朋友。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Usually,there’sanassumptionbymanynon-BritsthateveryoneinBritainspeakswithwhat’sknownasaReceivedPronunciationaccent,alsocalled‘theQueen’sEnglish’.”可知非英国人通常认为,所有的英国人都有标准口音。故选A。2，D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Thelowest-ratedaccentwastheBrummieaccent,nativetopeoplefromBirmingham,acitywhoseaccentisconsideredtheworkingclass.”可知人们认为工人阶级的人说伯明翰口音。故选D。,3.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上句“However,thereisnoneedtobedisappointedthoughyouarenotspeakinginaRPaccent.”可知“然而,尽管你发音不标准,也没有必要失望”。由此推断出此处表达的是“事实上,说话带有地方口音甚至可能会给你优势”,故选B。4.D【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过介绍英国标准音之外的一些方言使用情况,说明了地方口音对人们生活的影响,故选D。二Youwakeupinthemorning.Thedayisbeautifulandtheplansforthedayarewhatyouhavebeenlookingforwardtoforalongtime.Thenthetelephonerings,yousayhello,andthedramastarts.Thepersonattheotherendhasadepressing(令人沮丧的)toneinhisvoiceashestartstotellyouhowterriblehismorningisandthatthereisnothingtolookforwardto.Areyoustillinawonderfulmood?Impossible!Communicatingwithnegative(消极的)peoplecanwashoutyourhappiness.Itmaynotchangewhatyouthink,butcommunicatinglongenoughwiththemwillmakeyoufeeldepressedforamomentoralongtime.Lifebringsupsanddowns,butsomepeoplearestuckinthewrongideathatlifehasnohappinesstooffer.Theyonlyfeelgladwhentheymakeothersfeelbad.Nowondertheycanhardlywinothers’pityorrespect.Whenyoucommunicatewithpositivepeople,yourspiritstayshappyandthereforemorepositivethingsareattracted.Whenthedagger(匕首)ofanegativepersonisputinyou,youhavetheheavyfeelingthatallinall,bringsyoudown.Sometimeswehavenochoicebuttocommunicatewithnegativepeople.He/Shecouldbeaco-worker,orarelative.Inthiscase,speakaslittleaspossible.Sometimesitfeelsgoodtoletoutyourangerbacktothenegativeperson,butthatwillloweryoutothesamenegativelevelandtheywon’tfeelashamedofthemselvesaboutthat.Negativityoftenaffectshappinesswithoutevenbeingrealized.Thenegativewordsofanotheratthestartofthedaycanclingto(附着)youthroughouttherestofyourday,whichmakesyoufeelbadandstealsyourhappiness.Lifeistooshorttofeelnegative.Staypositiveandavoidnegativityasmuchaspossible.1.What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakeacomparison. B.Toofferansuggestion.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todescribeadailyscene.2.Howcannegativepeopleaffectonus?A.Byinfluencingouremotion. B.Bytellingusthenatureoflife.C.Bychangingourwaysofthinking. D.Bycomparingtheirattitudestolifewithours.3.Whatdosomenegativepeoplebasetheirhappinesson?A.Otherpeople’spityforthem. B.Makingotherpeopleunhappy.C.Buildingupapositiveattitude. D.Otherpeople’srespectforthem.语篇导读本文主要讨论了消极情绪是可以传染的,和消极爱抱怨的人在一起自己会变得消极悲观,和积极乐观的人在一起自己会变得积极向上。1.C【解析】意图推断题。本文是一篇议论文,第一段通过举例来引出话题。故选C。2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itmaynotchangewhatyouthink,but…alongtime”可知,和消极的人交流虽然不会改变你的想法,但是会影响你的心情,故选A。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theyonlyfeelgladwhentheymakeothersfeelbad”可知,消极的人只有在令别人不悦时,自己才会感到开心,故选B。三根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Afteralongdayatwork,cominghomeisabreathoffreshair.Homeisacomfortableplacetositbackandrelax.__1__Belowareanumberofthingswecandotocreateahealthyhomeenvironmentthatwillhelptoeasetheworkdaystressandpromoteourphysicalandmentalhealth.__2__Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtocleanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.Wecanremovedustbycleaningthehouse.Leavinglayersofdusteverywheremeansthatthereisabuild－upofdust.Andwheredotheselayersofdustgo?Intoourlungs.Makingsuretheroomsarefullofsunlightisalsoimportant.Wemaynotrealizeitbutsunlightisanimportantpartofourgrowth.Weallknowthatsunlightpromotesbetterworkingconditions.__3__ThinkaboutusingaParanssystemwheresunlightdoesnotreach.Thistechnologygathersthesunlightbyusingsolarpanels(板).Itcansendoutsunlightwhereverweare.Itisalsoagoodideatoaddmoreplantsinourhouse.__4__Theyalsogiveoffoxygen,whichcanlowerstressandimproveourmoods.Alongthelinesofbeinggreen,itcanalsobevitaltothinkaboutwhatthingswearebringingintothehouse.Trytoavoidspecificplasticsthatareharmfultohealth.__5__Theymaycontainpoisonouschemicalsthatcanbebreathedin,orsimplyabsorbedthroughtheskin.A．However,isitashealthyasitcanbe?B．Isourhomeascomfortableasitusedtobe?C．Thesamethingappliestocertaincarpetsandpaint.D．Goinggreenwillhelptoremovetoxins(毒素)intheair.E．Besides,itcanreducebothstressandhighbloodpressure.F．Cleaningthehouseregularlyisthefirstthingweshoulddo.G．Itisacknowledgedthatagreenerlifestyleislinkedtobetterhealth.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何创造一个健康的家庭环境”作者提出了三点建议。1．A上文提到家是一个使人放松的地方，设空后一句提到，为了创造一个健康的家庭环境，以下是几件值得做的事情，以此缓解我们的压力，改善我们的身心健康，故选A。2．F根据空后“Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtodeanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.”提到了“打扫似乎是个很累人的事情”可知，本段主要内容为“打扫房子”，故选F。3．E上文提到了“阳光可以改善工作条件”，故本空仍旧围绕“阳光”的好处进行论述。故E项(除此之外，还可以减轻压力和高血压)，还是在陈述阳光的好处，故选E。4．D上文提到了“在家里要多添加植物”，故本段为强调“家中的绿色植物带来的好处”，且D项中removetoxins(毒素)intheair“去除空气中的毒素”，对应后文中的giveoffoxygen“释放氧气”。故选D。5．C上文提到“尝试避免一些有害健康的塑料产品”，而下文中提到“他们可能含有能够吸入的有害化学物质”，they对应到C项中的carpetsandpaint“地毯与油漆”，故选C。四阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Asis__1__(know)toall,theOlympicGamesarethemostimportanteventsintheworld.TheywerefirstheldinancientGreece__2__776BC.AndtheeventswerenamedafterthecityOlympia.SlavesandwomencouldnotbeallowedtotakepartintheancientOlympics,andthe__3__(athlete)wereallfromthesamecountry.In1896,__4__firstmodernOlympicsopenedinAthens,thecapitalcityofGreece.Fromthenon,theOlympicGames__5__(take)placeeveryfouryears.Athletesfromthewholeworldcantakepartinthe__6__(importance)events,whethertheyaremenorwomen.ThefiveringsontheOlympicFlagstand__7__fivecontinentsandtheunionofthewholeworld.Chinadidn'tbecomeamemberofthemodernOlympicsuntilthe1950s.Andin1984,XuHaifengbecamethefirstChinesethatwonanOlympicgoldmedalinshooting.Withthe__8__(develop)ofChina,Beijingfinallysucceededin__9__(hold)the2008Olympics,duringwhichthefiveFuwamascots__10__(deep)impressedthewholeworld.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奧运会的起源以及中国参加奥林匹克运动会后取得的成绩。1．known考查固定用法。asisknowntoall意为“众所周知”，是固定表达。故填known。2．in考查介词。表示“在某年”应用介词in。3．athletes考查名词。and之后的分句缺少主语，分句谓语动词为were，因此其主语要填名词的复数形式。故填athletes。4．the考查冠词。序数词作定语修饰主语modernOlympics，序数词前要用定冠词the。5．take考查动词的时态。根据everyfouryears可知，本句应使用一般现在时。theOlympicGames作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填take。6．important考查词性转换。此处修饰名词events，因此要用形容词形式。故填important。7．for考查固定短语。standfor为固定短语，意为“代表”。故填for。8．development考查词性转换。定冠词后面应接名词，表示“随着中国的发展”，故填development。9．holding考查非谓语动词。succeedindoingsth.意为“成功做某事”。故填holding。10．deeply考查词性转换。此处用副词修饰动词impressed，表示抽象意义上的“深深地”。故填deeply。五阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Englishhasdevelopedoveralonghistory.OldEnglishconsistsofa1(mix)ofCelticlanguageandthelanguagesspokenbytwoGermanicgroupsfromthe2(Europe)mainland.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikingsmovedtoBritain,3(bring)withthemtheirlanguages.Theirlanguagesalsomixed4OldEnglish,whichhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEnglandbythe10thcentury.

MiddleEnglishreferstotheEnglish5(use)fromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.In1066,Normans,6French-speakingpeople,defeatedEngland.7FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage,it8(play)animportantroleintheformationofEnglish.

DuringtheRenaissanceinthe16thcentury,ModernEnglishappeared,in9manyLatinandGreekwordswereincluded.NowEnglishis10(wide)spokenaroundtheworld.

语篇导读这是一篇说明文,介绍了英语的发展过程。1.mixture【解析】此处表示古英语由凯尔特语和来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼语族混合而成。根据前面的a可知此处应用名词,故填mixture。2.European【解析】由语境可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词mainland,故填European。3.bringing【解析】此处表示九世纪末,维京人带着他们的语言到了英国。因主语“theVikings”与bring之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词做伴随状语,故填bringing。4.with【解析】此处表示他们的语言也与古英语混合在一起,古英语到10世纪时已成为英国的官方语言。mixwithsth.是固定搭配,表示“与……混合”,故填with。5.used【解析】中世纪英语是指大约从12世纪到15世纪使用的英语。因use与被修饰词English之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处用过去分词短语做后置定语,故填used。6.a【解析】1066年,诺曼人,一个说法语的民族打败了英国。句中的people在此表示“民族”,是可数名词,此处表示泛指,故填a。7.Although/Though/While【解析】句意:法语虽然没有取代英语作为第一语言,但在英语的形成中起了重要作用。根据句意可知,此处引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然,尽管”,位于句首时应注意首字母大写,故填Although/Though/While。8.played【解析】本段讲述的是中古英语,即约12世纪到15世纪的英语,所以应该用一般过去时,故填played。9.which【解析】句意:在16世纪的文艺复兴时期,出现了现代英语,其中包括许多拉丁词汇和希腊词汇。这是一个由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词ModernEnglish,关系词在从句中做宾语,因为前面有介词,所以只能用which。10.widely【解析】句意:现在,英语在世界各地广泛使用。此处用副词修饰动词,故填widely。It'slatefallintheArcticOcean.Icebeginstoformontopofthewater,makingitdifficultforthewhitewhalestofindopenareastocomeupforair."Theyhavetocomeuptobreathe,"saysDonnaHauser,amarinebiologist(海洋生物学家)attheUniversityofAlaskainFairbanks.“That'samoredifficultjob,andtheyhavetofindopeningsintheice.”Thewhitewhalesknowit'stimetoleaveforwarmerwaters.SothegroupofaboutahundredwhitewhalesheadssouthtowardtheBeringSea,abodyofwaterseparatingtheUnitedStatesandRussia.Halfwaythroughtheirjourney.thewhitewhalesfindthemselvesswimmingbetweentwolargeicefloes(浮冰).Suddenly,theyhearalargesplash(溅泼声).Awhitewhale'smainenemy—anorca(虎鲸)—hasappearedandisswimmingtowardthewhitewhales.Luckily,orcasaren'tasgoodatswimmingthroughicefloesaswhitewhalesare,givingthewhitewhalestimetospeedupandswimaway.Thewhitewhalesaresafe,fornow."Butbeforegettingtotheirdestination,theymustpassthroughtheBeringStraitconnectingtheArcticOceanwiththeBeringSea—beforethenarrow(狭窄的)waterwayfreezesover,”Hausersays.“Otherwise,theirpathsouthcouldbeblocked（阻挡）.”ThewhitewhalesfinallymakeittotheBeringStrait,which