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占密什修饰筠务Af《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷共6页
对外经济贸易大学
2002-2003学年第一学期
ENG323《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷(A)
本试卷适用于•:全校三年级各专业学生(00级)
学号:姓名:
班级:成绩:
I.Translatethefollowingterms.(15%)
1.有价证券
2.铸币平价
3.浮动利率
4.到期日
5.可兑换纸币
6.大一统的
7.银根紧缩
8.Commission
9.treasurybill
10.Creditor
11.Default
12.discounthouse
13.Debasement
14.Barter
15.fiscaldeficit
ILParaphrasetheunderlinedsentencesinEnglish.(15%)
1.Despitethefactthatdevaluationsoccurredandspeculativecapitalflows
were
significant,theBrettonWoodsarrangementsdeterredcurrencysubstitutionso
longasthecommitmenttofixtheexchangerateswasaccepted.
2.Thelackofincentivetoengageincurrencysubstitutionwaswitnessedbythefact
thatthesmalldeviationsfrommintparitywereoffsetexactlybythecosts
of
transportingthegoldbetweencountries.
3.Theygenerallyarenotappropriateforrisk-averseindividualsorinvestorswith
shortplanninghorizons.
《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷共6页
4.SomeUKstockshavebid-askspreadsof10%.
III.Translatethefollowingsentences.(20%)
1.Thecontrolwhichfinancialinstitutionswieldoververysubstantialsumsofmoney
alsoattractstheattentionofgovernments,partlybecausetheymaysee
irresistible
opportunitiestosecurecheapfinanceforfavoredborrowers,andpartlyinviewofthe
economicpowerattachedtocontroloffinance.
2.Mostpeopleexperiencedifficultyinspottingwhetherthelinesare
switching
aroundsothatsometimestheseriesbeingforecastistheleadingseries.
3.Ifthetotalparvalueofthestockissuedinthecombinationislargeenough,
the
dashedboundaryshiftsdownwardpastadditionalpaid-incapital;thetotal
additional
paid-incapitalofthecombinedcompanyiseliminated,andcombinedretained
earningisreduced.
4.Nevertheless,Smith'sclassicaltenetsofeconomicliberalism-thatminimalstate
interferenceintheeconomyandmaximumrelianceuponthemarketresultinbusiness
productivityandsocialwealth—stillpredominateinAnglo-Saxonculturestoday.
5.收集的有关一国或一个项目的财务状况、资金使用、经营能力等方面的信息,
比起一个私营的外国企业可能得到的信息,会更为完整和准确。
6.一些懒人很可能会发现他们已被更有能力的经理所替代了。这种竞争可能会
发生在企业之中,但那些经营糟糕的公司更可能被全盘收购,这种形式的接管通
常都能带来一支更有活力的管理团队。
IV.Fillintheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhavelearntinthetextbook.(10%)
PBCmaintained,asofend-1996,2450subordinateestablishments.Underthe
()()bankingsystem,whichlasteduntil1978,PBCengagedin
both
centralbankingand()bankingoperations.Duringthecourseofthereform
andopeningup,somespecializedbanksandfinancialinstitutionswereestablishedor
restoredandtook()partofmacroeconomicmanagement,theStateCouncil
madeadecisionin1984forPBCto()asacentralbank.Following
this
decision,acentralbankingsystembeganto()shape.However,PBC's
()towardafull-fledgedcentralbankturnedouttobealongprocess.
The
2
整期什修饰结/Af《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷共6页
financialsectorreforminChina()anewphaseinthelatterhalfof1993
whentheStateCouncilDecisiononFinancialReformdefinedthePBC's
key
functionsas:toformulateand()monetarypolicysoastomaintainthe
()ofthecurrency;andtoexercisefirmsupervisionoverthe
financial
institutionstoensurethesafeandeffectivefunctioningofthefinancialsystem.
V.Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.(40%)
1.Aboutonecommercialbankoutofeveryfourhasatrustdepartmentthatprovides
specializedfiduciary©servicesforitscustomers.Toengageinthetrustbusiness,
a
bankmustobtainfromitscharteringagencytrustpowersthatenableittoofferthese
specializedfinancialservices.Thefollowingsectionsprovideanintroductionto
the
trustfunctions.
Withroughly75percentofbanking-industryparticipantsnotengagedintrust
operations,trustservicesobviouslyplayasomewhatlimitedroleintheindustry.
Since1981thepercentagecontributionoftheserevenues@tototaloperatingincome
andtotalassetshasbeenincreasingafterdeclining@since1975.asofyearend1983,
trustincomewas$4.2billionandamountedto@1.74percentoftotal
operating
incomeand0.185percentoftotalbankassets.Overtheeight-yearperiodfrom1975
to1983,trustincomegrewatacompoundannualrateof12.78percentcompared
to
17.42percentfortotaloperatingincomeand11.81percentfortotalassets.
Trustdepartmentsgeneraterevenuebychargingfeesfortheservicestheyprovide.In
theearlydaysofthetrustbusiness,thesefeesusuallywerecalculatedasapercentage
ofincomeearnedfromtrustassets.Today,mostfeeincomeisbasedupon
principal
valueoracombinationofprincipalvalueandincome.Toillustrate,afee
schedule
baseduponprincipalvalueforpersonaltrustaccountsmightrangefrom1percentto
25percentannually,dependinguponthesizeoftheaccount.Oneofthecontroversial
areasintrustmanagementishowtomeasurefeeincome.
ThetoptentrustrevenueproducersinthebankingindustryarelistedinTable14.1
(omitted).During1983,totaltrustrevenuesforthisgroupincreasedby19
percent
from$979millionto$1,161million.ThetoprevenuegeneratorisJ.P.Morgan&Co.
Inc.withtotalincomeof$218million.BankofNewYorkwasadistantsecondwith
$145millioninrevenue.The1983revenueforthetoptenbanks($1161
million)
represent28percentoftheindustry'strustincome($4192million).Withsome4,000
trustdepartmentsintheindustry,thisleavesslightlymorethan$3billionfor
the
remaining3,999departmentsorroughly$750,000inrevenueperdepartment.
Banktrustdepartmentandtrustcompaniesperformnumerousfiduciaryservicesfor
individualsandbusiness.Themajorfunctionalareasare1)trusts,2)estates,and
3)
agencies.Atrustisafiduciaryrelationshipwithrespecttopropertyinwhichthe
trustee,whohastitletotheproperty,mustperformequitable@dutiesforthebenefits
ofanotherperson(thebeneficiary).Thesettlement,guardianship,andconservatorship
ofestates-assetsofdeceasedpersons-alsoarehandledbytrustdepartments.An
agencyisacontractualagreementinwhichtheagent(trustdepartment)iscontracted
toactonbehalfofanotherperson(theprincipal).Inanagency,titletothe
property
normallydoesnotpasstotheagentbutremainswiththeprincipal(owner).Trustsand
3
《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷共6页
agenciesaremoreimportantthanestatesingeneratingassetsfortrustdepartments.
Theserviceobjectivesoftrustandagencyrelationshipsinvolvefivemajoroperations:
1)recordkeeping,2)safekeeping3)personalandfinancialcounseling,4)
investing,
and5)controlofassets.
Personaltrustsandemployee-benefitaccountsarethemajorbusinesslinesoftrust
departments,asofDecember31,1980,thesetwolinesaccountedfor$440billion
or
77percentoftotaltrustassetsof$571billion.Ineachofthemajorbusiness
lines,
commonstocksarethemajorinvestmentvehicle,astheyaccountforroughly48
percentortotaltrustassets.Personaltrustshavethehighestproportionofassetsin
commonstocksat56percent.
The4,054trustdepartmentsrepresentedinTable4.2(omitted)wereresponsible
for
managing1,401,540accountsin1980,anaverageofalmost346accounts
per
department.Withtotaltrustassetsof$571billion,theaveragesizeaccount
was
approximately$400,000.thebanksbehindthesetrustoperationscontrolled$1,228
billionintotalassetsorroughly66percentoftotalindustryassets.Thesizeof
the
averagebankwithtrustoperationsisapproximately$300million,roughlyten
times
greaterthantheaverage-sizebank.Thesefigureshelpexplainwhynotallbanksoffer
trustservices.First,withtheaveragesizetrustaccountclosetohalfamilliondollars,
arelativelylargeandsophisticatedmarketdemandisrequiredtojustifyatrust
operation.Andsecond,atrustdepartmentisahighlyspecializedoperationwithhigh
fixedcost,whichrequiresalargeassetbasetosupportit.Thus,tosupport
an
economicallyviable@trustdepartment,abankmusthavearelativelylarge
asset
baseand/orsubstantialmarketdemand.Banksthatlacktheserequirementsshould
obtaintrustservicesfromacorrespondencebankratherthansupportanunprofitable
trustoperation.However,inanattempttobe“fullservice^^institutions,somebanks
mayprovidetrustservicesataloss.
1)Paraphrasethe6underlinedwords(from①to⑥inEnglish)(6marks)
2)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(14marks)
a)Mostofsmall-sizedbanksusuallyhaveatrustdepartment.
b)Atrustdepartmentisaspecializedoperationwithlowfixedcosts.
c)Somebankmayprovidetrustservicesataloss.
d)Inordertosupportatrustdepartmentabankmusthavearelativelylargeasset
baseand/orsubstantialmarketdemand.
e)Ineachofthetwomajorbusinesslinesoftrustdepartmentsduring
1980,
commonstocksarethemajorinvestmentvehicle.
f)During1970s,personaltrustsandestatesaccountsarethemajor
business
linesoftrustdepartments.
g)Trustdepartmentsgeneraterevenuebychargingfeesfortheservicesth
ey
provide.
4
之用肝临勺贸易Af《金融英语阅读》期末考试试卷共6页
2.AsLatinAmericanarefinding,budgetstabilityishardto
governments
achieve-andharderstilltomaintain.
InbothBrasiliaandBuenosAires,thereformofgovernmentfinanceshasbeeninthe
newslately.InArgentinatheprospectsaresurprisinglygood.OnFebruary7
the
lowerhouseofCongresspassedtwolaws—oneontax,theotheronpublic-sector
reform—toboostthegovernment'sabilitytoraiserevenueandcutspending.
The
upperhousepassedthepublic-sectorbillthisweek;thetaxbillshouldpasssoonand
thegovernmentwillbeastepclosertoitsgoalofabalancedbudgetin1996.
BraziFsoutlookisgloomier.Thepublicsector's"operational“budgetbalance(ie,
excludingtheeffectsofinflationongovernmentdebt)slidfromasurplusof1.8%
of
GDPin1994toadeficitofover4%lastyear.Moreover,lawstostrengthen
the
budget,suchasanewsocialsecuritylawandreformofpublicadministration,are
goingthroughthelegislatureatasimilarpace.
OneconclusiontodrawisthatArgentina'spublicfinancesareinbettershapethan
BraziFs.AnotheristhatArgentina'spresident,CarlosMenem,hasthepoliticalclout
topushthroughtoughmeasures.Butthetaxbillwassorelyneeded:withoutit,the
1996budgetwouldhavebeenwhollyunrealistic,becausetheoriginalbudget
made
heroicassumptionsaboutimprovingtaxcompliance.
Thepublic-sectorreformlaw,however,willmattermoreinthelongrun.Itallowsthe
governmenttomerge,reorganizeorshutdownredundantstateagencies,andto
privatizeanycompanystillinstatehands.Suchpowersmakebigfuturespendingcuts
possible,andmayhelptokeepthebudgetbalancedwhenprivatizationrevenues
run
outanddebtpaymentrise.
ThepositionofBraziFspresident,FermamdoHenriqueCarioso,couldnotbe
more
different.Themainreasonforlastyear'sfiscalmesswasthatspending,especiallyon
pay,exploded.Thecentralgovernment'swagebillroseby16%inrealtermslastyear,
andnowabsorbs45%ofallrevenues.Atthelevelofthestatesthesituationiseven
worse.Yettheconstitutionvirtuallyrulesoutthedismissalofpublic
employees.
HencetheurgentneedforMr.Cardosotopushthroughamendments.
Gainingandmaintainingfiscalstabilityisimportantforallgovernments一but
especiallyinLatinAmerica.Theregion'shistoryofchronicinflationstemsdirectly
fromgovernmentprofligacy.Andmanyoftherecentimprovementsin
budget
balanceswerehelpedbyprivatizations,manyofwhichbringonlyone-off
windfall.
Moreover,dependenceonforeigncapitalmakesfiscalprudenceevenmorecrucial.As
Argentinafoundlastyear,foreignmoneycanvanishwithremarkablespeed.
Butfiscalsuccessrequiresseveralthings.Sofar,mostprogresshascome
from
individualpolicies-suchascuttingspendingorraisingtaxes.Mexico'ssolutionsare
alsobeingattempted—witnessMr.Menem'snewlawandMrCardoso'sproposed
constitutionalreforms.Profligateprovincialgovernments,tooarebeingreinedin.
However,anothermeansofimprovement,sofarlesscommonintheregion,is
the
reformofbudgetaryinstitutionsthemselves.Thesearethesetsofrules,
procedures
andpracticesunderwhichbudgetsaredrafted-approvedandimplemented.Theidea
ofclearrulessurroundingbudgetarypolicyisnotnew-NewZealand,for
instance,
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