牛津沪教版八年级英语上册Unit4 Inventions同步学案及测试题

7.throwaway扔掉8.tu11.begintodosth开始做某事12.allowsbtodosth允许做某事13.imaginedoingsth想象做某事14.makesbdosth使某人做某事5.keep…off6.atthesametime7.throwaway8.turninto11.begintodosth12.allowsbtodosth13.imaginedoingsth14.makesbdosthAllow:允许Allow:允许(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最d)以重读闭音节结尾的,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，要双写词尾最Thecathedralistheoldestbuildinginthecity.这座教堂是城里最古老的建c)further可用作动词，“增进，推进”越……12.“the+比较级+ofthetwo”表示“两者中比较…”“形容词的比较级+thanany+单数名词”（范围外）nice--;small--;hot--;slowly--;far--;beautiful--thick--;fine--;heavy--;carefully--;little--careful--A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimesA,Thequicker;thebestB.Thesooner;A:Ilikecomedies(喜剧).Doyouwanttogoandacomedywithmethisevening?Iamsuretravelingbecamefasterandmorecomfortable.Afewyearsago,peopleTheyallowpeopletokeepintouchwitheachothertoseeatnight.Withligh2.Helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事Helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事活7.Starttodosth=startdoingsth开始做某事atthestartof11.Beabletodosth能够做某事14.Allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事Allowdoingsth允许做某事20.Imaginedoingsth想象做某事einkdriedeasily.T19.Leadsbtodosth带领某人做某事20.Leadalife过……的生活短语归纳1.lightbulb电灯泡2.inhistory在历史上3.atthestartof在……初期4.sincethen从那以后5.eachother彼此6.millonsof数百万的7.mobilephone手机8.keepintouchwith与……保持联系9.inthedaytime在白天10.makenoises制造噪音11.keep…off使……远离12.infrontof在……的前面13.atthesametime同时14.inashortertime在较短时间内15.throwaway扔掉16.turninto变成17.inthefuture在将来18.rightnow现在19.allthetime一直20.makeamess弄得一团糟21.leadto导致，引起22.withthehelpwith在……的帮助下【知识点讲解】1.advertisement可数名词，意为广告，它是以元音音素开头的单词，故单数名词前不定冠词用an;其复数形式为advertisements,可缩写为ads.Theywillputanadvertisementinthenewspaper.advertising不可数名词，意为广告，广告业，是总称。Advertisingiseverywhere.advertise动词，意为做广告，登广告，Headvertisedforajob.2、funny可笑的；滑稽的adjYou’reanextremelyfunnyman.你是一个非常滑稽的人。1）fun与funny都可以作形容词，但fun还可以作名词。例如：玩的开心或者2）fun有趣的；令人愉快的。近义词：interesting。3）funny滑稽的、古怪的。Janeisafunnygirl.简是一个很滑稽的人。3、create创作；创造v拓展：creation创造物，作品n.creator创造者n.creative有创造力的adj.creativity创造力n.试翻译：这个创造者创作了这个作品，他很有创造力。.【辨析】create和makecreate创造，创作创造出原来并不存在的东西make创造，制作,通过工作制造出某种东西（1）.谁创造了世界？Whotheworld?（2）.他制造了这块手表。Hethewatch.4、telephone电话n给……打电话v其缩写形式是,移动电话，手机是.给某人打电话的表达：①telephone/phonesb.②callsb.(up)③givesb.acall④makeatelephonecalltosb.我心里实在难受，于是打电话给欧文。Imyfatheryesterday.昨天我给爸爸打电话了。5.comfortable舒适的adj.，其比较级是.comfortably舒适地advuncomfortable使人不舒服的adj辨析：over,across,throughOver越过，指越过一段距离或度过一段时间Thebirdsflyoverthetown.Across表示横过，穿过，指在某一平面或物体上从一边到另一边Thestudentsarewalkingacrossthestreet.through表示穿过，通过，指从某处或某物中间穿过，内部穿过Onceamanwaswalkingthroughaforest,whenhemettwomen.6.century世纪nIntheearly19thcentury=atthestartofthe19thcentury.在十九世纪初Inthelate19thcentury=attheendofthe19thcentur7.invent发明vin辨析：invent与discoverinvent发明客观上没有，发明以前未曾有过的东西；如发明新的使用工具、方法。discover发现发现客观已经存在，但不为人知的东西或者事物。 theelectriclightbulb.2.我在树下发现了一块很漂亮的石头。 abeautifulstoneunderthetree.8.practical有用的adj.practice练习npractice练习vOurclothesarelightweight,fashionableandforholidays.我们的服装轻便、时尚，并且很适合度假穿。9.distance距离【拓展】Atadistance隔一段距离，距离稍微远一些Inthedistance在远处fromthedistance从远处这只小猫从远处回来了。Thecatcameback.turnoff关上=switchoffturnon打开=switchon请打开灯。Pleasethe.11.developv开发、研发（与invent发明不同，是在原有基础上进一步提高、改进）Weneedtosolarenergy.我们需要开发拓展：development发展ndeveloped发达的adj.developing发展中的adj.发达国家：adevelopedcountry发展中国家：adevelopingcountry12.helpsb.dosth帮助某人做某事,help后跟省略to的不定式，类似的用法还有，使某人做某事makesb.dosth.我帮助他找到了钱包。Thebosstheworkersmorethan10hourseveryday.这个老板让工人每天工作超过10小时。13.Theyallowpeopletokeepintouchwitheachotheranytime,anywhere.它们容许人们在任何时候，在任何地点彼此保持联系。（1）allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事他们允许孩子们去公园。Theytheirchildrengotothepark.(2)keepintouch（with）sb.与……保持联系与stayintouchwith同义Doyoustillinyourparentsregularlyafteryouleavethem?14.Withsunlight,airandwater,wecanbealiveonEarth.有了阳光、空气和水，我们才能在地球上生存。with有without没有没有水，我们无法存活。15.Thenewcarsmadeloudnoisesandfrightenedthem这.些新汽车发出很大的噪Makenoises意思是：发出噪音，弄出声音；也可以用makeanoise例如：不要弄出声音，你爸爸正在睡觉。Don’t,yourfatherissleeping.辨析：noise，voice，soundnoise指吵闹、喧哗声，往往是不和谐，不悦耳的声音voice多指人和动物特有的声音，嗓音sound指人所能听到的自然界中的一切声音（1）请不要在课堂上制造噪音。Pleasedon’t（2）她经常小声说话。Sheoftentalksinalow.（3）在空气中光比声音传播的速度快。Lighttravelsfasterthanintheair.短语辨析sometimes有时Sometimesshehaslunchatschool.Sometimes几次，几倍Ihavebeentothemuseumsometimes.Sometime一段时间Shehaslivedhereforsometime.A.useless()2.CanIvisityoutomorrow?OK.Youcancomeatanytime.A.anywayB.anywhereC.anyhow()3.Thiskindofflower()4.Theyallcametoschoolatthesametime.A.atthetimeB.sometimesC.atonetimetimeA.keepintouchwithB.losetouchwith()7.What'syourdream,Jim?()8.Couldyoumethefloor.Torn?A.make;cleanB.make;clSheisasmartgirl.Sheisable10telephonenumbersinA.thinkof;torememberB.findout;torememberC.thinkof;rememberingD.findout;remembering()10.What'stheweatherA.were;copieddownB.were;madeamessC.was;madeamessD.wa()12.Tim,todayismybirthday.ComI'mverysorry.Myparentsdon'tmetogooutatnight.A.expensive;betterB.expensive;cheap;thebestA.madeofA.themoreworstB.moreworseC.thworse()17.Couldyougotoamoviewithmyfriendme?()19.Dad,Iwant()20.doyouusethecomputer?farJohnistenyearsold.HelikeswatchingTV,buthehasn'twatchedTVforawholeyear.WhatwasJohn'sparentsthoughtJohnwatchedtoo22TV.OnedayJohn'smothersawanarticleinthenewspaperaboutaboywhohadn'twatchedTVforayear.She23thestoryforJohn."Itisajoke,"saidhismother AtfirstJohn'sparentswerevery27becauseJohndidalotofreading.Butlater,he 28.Everyevening,heaskedhispacouldwatchTV,evenjustforoneevening.Johnalwayssaid,"No,itwill29memoney!"Finallytheyearwasover.Johngotthemoneyfromhisparents,buthedidn'twanttospendlotsofhistime30TVanymore."Iwanttohe()28.A.boredAEveryonewantstoliveahappylife.Everyonetalksabouthappiness.Butwhatmakesusfhappy?Whatcanwegetfromhappiness?Well,scientistsfromauniversityinNewYorkfoundthatpeoplewhoarehappyandpositiveTherewasalsoastudyabouthappinessinBritain.Researchersfoundthateatingafamilymealatleastthreetimesaweekisthekeytohaprelationshipbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Moneymakestheworldgbefore,buttheyfeellesshappierthanever.However,anotherstudyfoundthatmoneycanbuypeoplehappiness,butonlywhenpeoplespenditinarightwaHowmuchhappinesscanyoufeel?Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcangoforit.()31.AccordingtothescientistsinNewYork,ahaC.havealotofchildren()32.EatingafamilymealcanhelpbuildastrongrelationshipbetweA.parentsandtheirteachersB.childrenandtheirclassmatesC.childrenandtheirteachersD.parentsandtheirchildren()33.WhatisthekeytohappinessaccordingtotheresearchersinBritain?A.Cookingbyyourselfathome.C.Havingafamilymealatleastthreetimesaweek.()34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmoney?A.Moneyiseverything.B.Moneymakestheworldgoround.()35.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ScientistsinNewYork.B.AhBDifferentcountrieshavedifferentimportant.ButhowdoyoushowgoodtablemannersinBritain?Pleasereadthefollowingadvice.Youshouldsitupstraightinyourchair.Whenyoueat,don'tpickupthebowlorbringtheplatetoyou.Usuallyyoushouldnotpickupfoodwithyourfingerswhenyouareeatingmaindishes.Butwhenyoueatsomefoodsuchaspizza,sandwiches,chipsandfruit,youcaneatwithyourfingers.Itisnotpolitetotalkwithyourmouthfulloffood,ortoeatwithyourmouthopen.Itispolitetoeatupthefoodthatyouhavebeenoffered.Itshowsthatyouhavefood.It'sOKtoleavealittle,ifyoucan'tfinisheverything.Youcouldsaysomethinglike"Thatwasverynice"or"Thankyou"afterthedinner.A.politeA.eatchipswithyourfingersB.situpstraightonthetableC.talktootherswithyourmouthfullD.eatwithyourmouthopen()38.Whichshowsthatyouenjoythefoodaccordingtothepassage?A.Leavingmuchfood.B.Askingformorefood.C.Bringingtheplatetoyou.D.Eatingup()39.Howmanypiecesofadvice()40.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthispassage?A.ThewriterlikesthetablemannersinChinamore.B.Thewriterdoesn'tlikethetablemannersinBritain.C.ThewriterisfamiliarwithBritishtablemanners.D.Thewriterisalwayspoliteattable.CIn1996,11-year-oldRichieStachowskiwentonatriptoHawaiiwithhisfamily."IwassurfingwithmyDad.Whenwedoveunderwater,thereweresomanybeautifulthingstosee.Iwishedwecouldtalkunderwater,"saidStachowski.Afterfindingoutthattherewerenoinventionsforthiskindofcommunication,Stachowskitriedoutprototypes(雏形)inthefamilypool.Atlast,hecameupwithanideaabouttheWaterTalkie—athingthatenablesswimmerstotalkwitheachotherunderwaterfromasfaras15feetaway.WiththehelpofhisMom,StachowskistartedacompanycalledShortStackLLCandwentontoinventotherpooltoys.Thenin1999,thecompanywassold.TherearemanyyounginventorslikeStachowskiintheworld.Theyarehard-workingandtrytofindsolutionstoproblems.Ifyoulearnfromthem,youmaybethenextyounginventor.()41.WhendidStachowskigoonatriptoHawaiiwithhisfamily?()42.WheredidStachowskitryouttheprototypes?()43.WiththeWaterTalkie,swimmerscanunderwaterfromasfaras15feetaway.A.seeeachotherB.toucheachotherC.talkwpusheachother()44.WhohelpedStachowskistartacompany?()45.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofStachowski?A.Hard-working.B.Funny.C.Powerful.DThenexttimeyouseeaseagull(海鸥)shoutinginthesky,besuretolookagbeaflyingrobot.ThiskindofseagullrobotiscalledSmartBird.Ittakesoffandltothebuilt-inequipment,itmakesthewingsupanddownwhenitmakessoundacrossthesky.SmartBirdcanalsocontrolitsBird'stailhelpsstabilizeitselfwhenitistryingtomakeTherobotwascreatedbyFestoAG,aGermancompany.SomepeoplebelievedifitwasfittedwithGPS,amorepowerfulbatteryandsomecamerasandmicrophones,itwouldbeaprettyspy(间谍).Butitwillnevertakeyoursandwichesorchips.ThisisnotthefirsttimetheGermancompanyhascreatedcoolrobots.In2009,theyintroducedBionicPenguins,whocanflythroughwaterandair.Let'sseewhattheywillcomeupwithinthefuture.()46.WhatisSmartBirdaccordingtothepassage?()47.WhathelpsSmartBirdstabilizeitselfwhenitistryinA.SmartBird'shead.B.OneofSmartBird'swings.C.SmartBird'stail.()48.WherewasSmartBirdcreated?()49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.SmartBirdcanflythroughwater.B.SmartBirdwascreatedin2009.C.BionicPenguinscanflythroughair.A．根据对话内容，从方框中的六个选项中选出五个合适的选项补全对话。A:Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?A:Oh,(52)doyouwanttoinvent?A:Special?Canyoutellme(54)aboutit?B:Ofcourse.Thecarwillhavethree(55)andtwowingsskyandswiminthewater.A:Thatsoundsgreat!Ihopeyouwillbesuccessful.B:Thankyou.B．从方框中的七个选项中选出五个合适的句子补全对话。A:David,haveyoufinisheddoingyourhomeworkyet?A:Why?