航海英语阅读理解题集1

航海英语阅读理解

ByturningtheGAINcontrolclockwise,thegainofthereceiverincreasesandtheobservingrangeofthetargetex

pands.Adjustthiscontrolsothatthebestpicturesmaybedisplayedonthescreen,accordingtotherangescaleinu

sejntheshortrange,itisadvisabletooperatetheequipmentwiththiscontrolsetatasettingwherethereceivergai

nisratherloweredalittle,Inthelongrange,itisadvisabletooperatetheequipmentwiththiscontrolsetatasettin

gwherethereceivergainisratherincreasedalittle,Withtoolittlegainjhesmalltargetsaremissedandthereisad

ecreaseinthedetectedrange.Withexcessivegain,sincethescreenbecomesbrighterbecausethenoiseincreases,

thecontrastbetweenechoesandbackgroundnoisereduces,makingtargetobservationmoredifficult.Inthecrow

dedregions,thegainmaybereducedtoclearthepicture.

1.Switchingfromshortrangetolongrange,youwillhaveto.

A.turntheGaincontrolclockwiseB.tumtheGaincontrolanticlockwise

C.turnofftheGainD.keeptheGaincontrolremaininginitsoriginalposition

2.ByturningtheGainclockwise,thecontrastbetweenechoesandbackgroundnoisewill.

A.increaseB.decreaseC.notchangeD.increaseordecreaseaccordingtotherangescaleinuse

3.Bythebestpicturewillbedisplayedonthescreen.

A.tumingtheGaincontrolclockwise

B.turningtheGaincontrolanticlockwise

C.keepingtheGaincontrolremaininginitsoriginalposition

D.increasingordecreasingthegainaccordingtotherangescaleinuse

4.Withtoolittlegain,.

A.thetargetobservationwillbemoredifficultundertheincreasingcontrast

B.thecontrastbetweenechoesandbackgroundnoisereduces

C.thescreenbecomesbrighterbecausethenoiseincreases

D.thesmalltargetsaremissedandthereisadecreaseinthedetectedrange

Practiceset1

OnthebridgefortheapproachtothepilotboardinggroundweretheMaster,whohadthecon,theMate,

asWatchOfficer,andaseamanatthewheel,whiletheThirdMatewentondecktomeetthepilot.Thenormalproc

edureonboardwasfortheSecondMatetopreparethevoyageplanandtolayoffthecoursesonthecharts.Howev

er,becausethepassagefromBurnietotheTamarRiverwasrelativelyshortandbecauseheintendedstoppingand

driftingfortwotothreehours,theMasterdecidedtolayoffthecourseshimself.

Inthepast,whenthecompanyemployedJapaneseofficers,theMasterwoulddiscussoperationalandnavigati

onalprocedureswiththem.However,sincetheintroductionoftheemploymentofFilipinoofficers,theMasterno1

ongerdidthis,withtheresulttherewasnocohesivebridgeteam.Whenthepilotlauncharrivedalongside,theMate

wenttotheportbridgewingandremainedthereuntilsuchtimeasthePilothadgainedthedeck.Atacriticalstag

e,whenmanoeuvringclosetoareef,hewasprovidingnoactivesupporttotheMasterbymonitoringthevessel'spr

ogress,eitherbyradarorbytheelectronicplottingtable.WithnoactivesupportfromtheMate,theMasterhadqui

cklyplottedthepositionatatimeherecordedas0606,fromwhichherealisedtherewasadangerofthestemswin

gingintotheeasternshallowsofHebeReef.Ininstructingthehelmsmantosteadyon160o,however,hedoesnota

ppeartohaveappreciatedthedevelopingsituationwithWestReef,createdbythataction,andthevesselgroundedf

astintheReef.

1.TheMasterdidnotdiscussoperationalandnavigationalprocedureswithhismatesbecause.

A.hehasethnicorculturalprejudiceinhisdealingswiththoseofficers

B.helaidoffthecourseshimself

C.thebridgewasadequatelymannedfortheoperation

D.theSecondMatedidnotpreparethevoyageplanandlayoffthecoursesonthecharts

2.Ofthefollowingisnotacontributingfactorleadingtothegroundingaccident.

A.thatMasterdidnotinformtheMateofhisintendedactionsorseektheMate'ssupportinmonitoringand

advisinghimontheprogressofthemanoeuvres

B.thattheMatedidnotprovideactivesupporttotheMaster

C.thatnavigationalequipmentwaseitherignoredornotusedtofulleffect

D.thattheMatewenttotheportbridgewingandremainedthere

3.Itisinferredthatthevesselstartedthevoyagein.

A.anearlymorningB.alateeveningC.anafternoonD.amidnight

4.Themaincauseofthisaccidentisthelackof.

A.seamanshipskilloftheMasterandtheMatesonthebridge

B.BridgeResourceManagementprocedures,

C.academiceducationofthecrewmembers,includingtheMasterandMates

D.communicationsbetweenthePilot,theMasterandtheMatesonboardthevessel

Practiceset2

Theeffectivenessofananchordependslargelyonthematerialthatconstitutestheseaorestuarybottom,

normallydeterminedbythehydrographerswhohavesurveyedtheseaandidentifieditfortheconvenienceoof

marinersonthechart.Whenpreparingtoanchor,theship“smasterneedstoknow,besidesthewaterdepth,the

“qualityofthebottom^^whetheritisifsandirmud,orrocky.Themasterwilltryandavoid“foulground^^which

mayhaveunderwaterhazardsthatmaysnagtheanchor,andwillbehappierwherethebottomisofmudorsand,

thatwillenabletheflukesoftheanchortodigintheholdtheshipfast.Theholdingqualityisalsohelpedby

havingplentyofcableouttolieonthebottom,whichitselfactsasabrakeonmovement.

Tidesorwindsmayaffectthesafetyofananchorageandtheofficersofthewatchneedtowatchtheposition

oftheshipcarefully,lesttheanchordragsandtheshipbewashedashore.Visualcompassbearingsofshoremarkd

canprovideaGOODindicationofanyuntowardmovement,althoughcaremustbetakennottoconfuseananchor

draggingwiththenormalswingingaroundthemooringasthetideorwindchanges.

Whilemerchantshipstendtouseaconventionanchorwithtwoflukesthatcanbehousedinatubularhawse

pipewhenrecoveredaboardship,specialistanchorshavebeendevisedfordifferenttypesofcraft.Drillingrigs,

forinstance,haveanchorsthatareoptionalfortheparticularseabottom,andabigsemi-submerisiblewilllietoa

patternofperhapseightanchors,laidoutrbyanchorhandlingsupplyboatswhichareinattendancewhentherigis

moved.Permanentmoorings,fornavigationalbuoysmayusexscrewanchorswhicharescrewedintothesea

bottom,whilelightvesselsoftenempoyveryheavyanchorsshapedlikeamushroom.

1.isaomparedto“abrake"onmovementbythepassage?

A.theflukeoftheanchorBthechainslyingonthebottom

CthechainshanginginthewaterDthebrought-upoftheanchor

2.Thetotalholdingforcesofananchorcomefrom

A.thedigginginoftheflukesoftheanchorandthequalityofthebottom

B.thequalityofthebottomandthecableslyingonthebottom

C.thebrakeandthecalbeslyingonthebottom

D.thedigginginoftheHukesoftheanchor,thequalityofthebottomandthelengthofcablelyingonthebottom

3.ThetermANCHORDRAGGINGmeans

A.thenormalswingingaroundthemooringastheIideorwindchanges

B.anuntowardmovementoftheanchor

C.theshipbeingwashedashore

D.theshipbeingpulledalongwithdifficultyoreffortbyanothership

4.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectastothespecialistanchoring?

A.Thebestgroundforspecialistanchoringissandormud

B.Specialistanchoringcanbedoneanywhere

C.Specialistanchoringisusuallydesignedtocreatelargerholdingforces

D.Theholdeingforcesofaspecialistanchoringisleastwhentheanchorisscrewedintotheseabottom.

Practiceset3AdmiraltyTotalTide

AdmiraltyTotalTide(DP550)isaPC-basedtidalpredictionprogramwhichusesthesameprediction

algorithmsandHarmonicConstantsastheAdmiraltyTotalTide,andhasbeendesignedtomeetSOLAScarriage

requirements.

TidalheightsforbothStandardandSecondaryPortsaredisplayedingraphicalandtabularform.Tidal

Streamratesarepresentedonachart-baseddiagram.

TotalTidepermitsthemarinertoselectandsimultaneouslycalculatetidalheightsformultipleportsforupto

sevendays7.Outputfromthesystemalsoincludesperiodsofdaylightandnauticaltwilight,moonphasesanda

springsandneapsindicator.Underkeelandoverheadclearancecanbedisplayedinagraphicformtoaidpassage

planning.

TotalTideissuppliedintheformofasingleCDwhichcontainsthecalculationprogramandtheseven

geographicAreaDataSets7(ADS)providingglobalcoverage.Apermitsystemthenprovidesaccesstotheareas

required.AnnualupdatesforTotalTideareavailablefromAdmiraltyChartAgents,andarerecommended.

1.TheAdmiraltyTotalTide(Dp550)is.

A.anarticleabstractedfromSOLASB.aBookknownasAdmiraltyTotalTide

C.anAdmiraltyChartAgentD.aPC-basedtidalpredictionprogram

2.isnotanitemcontainedintheoutputoftheAdmiraltyTotalTide.

A.periodsofdaylightandnauticaltwilightB.moonphases

C.anindicatorofspringsandneapsD.thesevengeographicAreaDataSets

3.Underkeelandoverheadclearancesareusedto.

A.calculatetidalheightsformultipleportsB.selectrecommendedsailingdirections

C.displayingraphicalandtabularformofTidalStreamratesD.aidpassageplanning

4.Itisinferredthatthepredictionalgorithmsareusedfor.

A.displayingingraphicalandtabularformoftidalheights

B.updatingoftheAdmiraltyTotalTide

C.ancalculationoftheprogramandthesevengeographicAreaDataSets

D.thedeterminationoftidesandcuiTentsforcertainareaconcened

Practiceset4OceanPassagesfortheWorld

Forthemarinerplanninganoceanpassage,OceanPassagesfortheWorldNP136providesaselectionof

commonlyusedrouteswiththeirdistancesbetweenprincipalportsandimportantpositions.Itcontainsdetailsof

weather,currentsandicehazardsappropriatetotheroutes,andsolinksthevolumesofSailingDirections.Italso

givesotherusefulinformationonLoadLineRules,WeatherRouteing.

Thevolumeisintwoparts:PartIgivesroutesforpoweredvessels;PartsIIgivesroutesusedinthepastby

sailingships,editedfromformereditionstobringnamesup-to-date,andwithcertainnotesadded.Thebookis

updatedbySectionIVofAdmiraltyNoticestoMariners,WeeklyEditions,andperiodicallybysupplements.

1.isnotcontainedinOceanPassagesfortheWorldNP136.

A.DetailsofweatherB.Currentsappropriatetotheroutes

C.IcehazardsappropriatetotheroutesD.Tonnagemeasurement

2.OceanPassagesfortheWorldNP136isupdatedby.

A.WeeklyNWB.WeatherRouteing

C.circularsfromIMOD.certainnotes

3.PartIofOceanPassagesfortheWorldgives.

A.routesusedinthepastbysailingshipsB.routesforpoweredvessels

C.supplementsD.usefulinformationonLoadLineRules,WeatherRouteing,etc.

4.ContainedintheOceanPassagesfortheWorld(NP136)isalsotheinformationlinkingthevolumesof.

AAdmiraltyNoticestoMarinersB.SailingDirections

CLoadLineRulesDWeatherRouteing

Practiceset5CorrectionstoSailingDirections

CorrectionstoSailingDirectionsaregiveninSectionIV.Thoseinforceattheendoftheyeararereprinted

intheAnnualSummaryofNoticetoMariners.AlistofcorrectionsinforceispublishedinSectionsIVofthe

WeeklyEditionforthelastweekofeachmonth.

Itisrecommendedthatcorrectionsbekeptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop.Thelist

shouldbeconsultedwhenusingtheparentbooktoseeifanycorrectionsaffectingtheareaunderconsiderationare

inforce.

Itisnotrecommendedthatcorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcunentsupplement,but,ifthisisdone,

whenanewsupplementisreceivedcaremustbetakentoretainthosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenew

supplement,whichmaybeseveralmonthsbeforeitsreceiptonboard.

1.CorrectionstoSailingDirectionsarecontainedin.

A.TheWeeklyEditionforthelastweekofeachmonth

B.TheAnnualSummaryofNoticetoMariners

C.Thenewsupplement

D.TheWeeklyEdition

2.Theparentbookis.

A.theSailingDirectionsB.theCorrectionstoSailingDirectionsinforce

C.TheAnnualSummaryofNoticetoMariners.D.TheWeeklyEdition

3.ItisrecommendedthatCorrectionstoSailingDirectionsbe.

A.madebyhand

B.consultedwithatthelastweekofeachmonth

C.stuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement

D.keptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop

4.Ifthecorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,.

A.whenanewsupplementisreceived,thosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenewsupplementmustbe

retained

B.theparentbookmustbeconsulted

C.thecurrentsupplementmustbeconsulted

D.theAnnualSummaryofNoticetoMarinersmustbeused

Unit02

Practiceset6.ChartScales

Thenatureandimportanceoftheareaconcernedgovernthethoroughnesswithwhichtheareamustbe

examinedandthereforetheselectionofthescaleofthesurvey.Portsandharboursareusuallysurveyedinascale

ofbetween1125CX)and15000andanchoragesonascaleofonly1:25,000.

Ageneralsurveyofacoastwhichvesselsonlypassinproceedingfromoneplacetoanotherisseldommade

onascalelargerthan1:50,000.Insuchgeneralsurveysofcoastsorlittlefrequentedanchorages,thesurveyor

doesnotcontemplatethatwillapproachtheshorewithouttakingspecialprecautions.

Chartsmaybepublishedonasmallerscalethanthesurveysonwhichtheyarebased,thoughmodernlarge

scalechartsareoftenpublishedonthesamescaleastheoriginalsurveys.Withanolderchartitwouldbeunwise

toassumetheoriginalwasonalargerscalethanthatofthechartitself.

1.Anchoragesareusuallysurveyedonascaleof.

A1:12,5000B1:5,000C1:25,000D1:50,000

2.Olderchartswereusuallypublishedonthesurveysonwhichtheywerebased.

A.asmallerscalethanB.alargerscalethan

C.thesamescaleasD.ascalethatconnotbedeterminedcomparedwith

3.Ofthefollowing,aremostpoorlysurveyed.

A.portsB.anchoragesC.harboursD.coasts

4.Thethoroughnesswithwhichtheareamustbeexaminedandthereforetheselectionofthescaleofthesurvey

ofaseawaterisdeterminedbytheconsiderationof.

A.thenatureandimportanceoftheareaconcernedB.theassumptionoftheoriginalsurvey

C.thescaleoftheoriginalsurveyD.specialprecautionstobetaken

Practiceset7UseofCharts

Atascaleof1:600,000,achartuserwhoiscapableofplottingtoaprecisionof0.2mmmustappreciatethat

thisrepresentsapproximately120metersontheground.

Atascaleof1:25,000,thesameplottingerrorwillbeonlyabout5metersontheground.

Thus,ifthedifferencebetweenaWGS84Datumpositionandthehorizontaldatumofthechartis,say50

meters,thiswouldnotbeplottableatthesmallerscale,(thechartcouldeffectivelybesaidtobeonWGS84

Datum)butwouldbeplottable(2.0),andthereforesignificant,atthelargescale.

Thisexplainswhyitisnotuncommonforsmallandmediumscaleapproachchartstobereferencedto

WGS84Datumwhilethelargerscaleportplanshavenoquotedhorizontaldatum.Similarly,somechartsatscales

of1:50,000andsmallerjustquotetoWGS84Datum(withoutayeardate)sincethepositionaldifferencebetween

WGS72andWGS84Datumsisnotplottableatthesescales.

1.Atascaleof1:500,000,aplottingof0.3mmonthechartrepresentsapproximatelymetersonthe

ground.

A.100mB120mC150mD180m

2.Onthechartof,aplottingof0.2mmrepresentsapproximately10metersontheground.

A.1:5,000B.l:12,500.C.1:25,000.D.1:50,000

3.WhenthescaleissmallerthanthepositionaldifferencebetweenWGS72andWGS84Datumsis

notplottable.

A1:600,000B.1:25,000.C.1:50,000D.thatofWGS84datum

4.Itisinferredthatthesmallandmediumscaleapproachchartsarethoseofscales.

A.1:600,000orsmallerB.1:25,000orsmaller

C.1:50,(K)0orsmallerD.1:5,000orsmaller

Practiceset8ChartDatumsandtheAccuracyofPositionsonCharts

TheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationoffersthefollowingadviceManydifferentdefinitionsofahorizontal

datum(alsoknownasgeodeticdatum)exist.HoweverpracticalworkingdefinitioninuseisAhorizontaldatumisa

referencesystemforspecifyingpositionsontheEarth*ssurfaceEachdatumisassociatedwithaparticular

referencespheroidthatcanbedifferentinsizeorientationandrelativepositionfromthespheroidsassociatedwith

otherhorizontaldatums.Positionarereferredtodifferentdatumscalldifferbyseveralhundredmeters.

Thepracticalresultisthatagivengeographicalpositionnotassociatedwithaspecificdatum,couldreferto

differentphysicalobjects.Inotherwords,aphysicalobjectcanhaveasmanygeographicalpositionsasthereare

datums.

1.Theshapeofhorizontaldatumisa

A.sphereB.spheroidC.ellipsoidD.ball

2.Thegeodeticdatumisa.

A.physicalobjectB.geographicalposition

C.referencesystemforspecifyingpositionsOntheEarthssurface

D.quadricsurfaceobtainedbyrotatinganellipseaboutoneofitsprincipalaxes

3.Aphysicalobjectcanhave.

A.onegeographicalpositionB.twogeographicalpositions

C.threegeographicalpositionsD.asgeographicalpositionsastherearedatums

4.Thedifferencebetweenpositionsreferredtodifferentdatumsisupto.

A.severalfathomsB.severalhundredmeters

C.severalmilesD.severalmillimetres

Practiceset9NAVTEX

NAVTEXisthesystemforthebroadcastandautomaticreceptionofmaritimesafetyinformationbymeans

ofnarrow-banddirect-printingtelegraphy.TheInternationalNAVTEXserviceispartofaninternationally

co-ordinatedsystemandbroadcastsareon518khzinEnglish.NationalNAVTEXServicemaybeestablishedby

maritimeauthoritiestomeetparticularnationalrequirements.Thesebroadcastsmaybeon490khz,4209.5khzor

anationallyallocatedfrequencyandmaybeineitherEnglishortheappropriatenationallanguage.Fordetails,see

AdmiraltyListofRadioSignalsVolume5.

Onchartsaffected,informationreceivedbyRadioNavigationalWarningsshouldbenotedinpenciland

expungedwhentherelevantmessagesarecanceledorsupersededbyNoticestoMariners.Chartsquotedin

messagesareonlythemostconvenientcharts;otherchartsmaybeaffected.

1.TheInternationalNAVTEXbroadcastson.

A.490khzB.4209.5khzC.518khzD.nationallyallocatedfrequency

2.WhentherelevantmessagesarecanceledorsupersededbyNoticestoMariners,thenotedinformationreceived

byRadioNavigationalWarningsshouldbe..

A.expungedB.affectedC.allocatedD.renoted

3.Ofthefollowing,isnotcorrectconcerningtheinformationprovidedbyNAVTEX.

A.Itisabroadcastmaritimesafetyinformation

B.Itisreceivedbymeansofnarrow-banddirect-printingtelegraphy

C.ItissoonerorlatercancelledorsupersededbyNoticestoMariners

D.Itisanautomaticreceptionofmaritimesafetyinformation

4.Itisinferredthat.

A.therearechartswhichareaffectedbyRadioNavigationalWarningsbutnotquotedinthemessages

thereof

B.somechartsarequotedinthemessagesbutnotaffectedbyRadioNavigationalWarnings

C.allchartswhichareaffectedbyRadioNavigationalWarningswillbequotedinthemessage

D.nochartswillbequotedinthemessageeventheyareaffectedbyRadioNavigationalWarnings

Practiceset10GeographicalPositions

GeographicalPositionsrefertothehorizontaldatumofthecurrenteditionofeachaffectedchartwhichisstatedin

thenoticealongsidetheappropriatechartnumber.Positionsarenormallygivenindegrees,minutesanddecimals

ofaminuteO.1,butmayoccasionallyquotesecondsforconveniencewhenplottingfromthegraduationofsome

older-stylecharts.Bearingsaretruereckonedclockwisefrom0000to3590;thoserelatingtolightsarefrom

seaward.SymbolsreferredtoarethoseshownonChart5011.Depthsandheightsaregiveninmetresorfathoms

and/orfeetasappropriateforthechartbeingupdated(abbreviatedwherenecessarytom,fmandftrespectively).

BlocksandnotesaccompanyingnoticesinSectionIIareplacetowardstheendofthesection.

1.isnotaunitofdepthsand/orheights.

A.mB.fmC.ftD.kn

2.Blocksareplaced.

A.onchart5011B.towardstheendofSectionII

C.onsomeolder-styleD.towardsthestandardnauticalcharts

3.maybeoccasionallyquotedforconveniencewhenplottingfromthegraduationofsome

older-stylecharts.

A.DegreesB.MinutesC.DecimalsofaminuteD.Seconds

3.GeographicalPositionsshallbeplottedon.

A.thecurrenteditionofeachaffectedchartB.chart5011

C.someolder-stylechartsD.blocks

Practiceset11TheDropofLifeboat

Atabout0750onFebruary2001,thecrewwereperformingalifeboatlaunchingdrill.Whileattemptingto

returntheportlifeboat,which7crewmembersinit,fromtheboatdeckleveltoitsstowposition,thewirefalls

parted,thedavitarmsandlifeboatfelloutboard.Thelifeboatdidnotpassfreeoftheboatdeckasitnormally

would,butlandedontheedgeoftheboatdeckwiththedavitarmsontopofit.Theboatteeteredthere

momentarilyandthenrolledovertheedge,fallingsome16mtotheseaandlandingupsidedown.

Thelifeboatself-rightedandremainedattachedtotheshipbyitspainter.Ambulanceswerecalledbyradio.

Theportcompanypilotboatwasnearbyandassistedtotakemedicstothelifeboat.Thelifeboatcrewwere

transferredtothepilotlaunch,takenovertowaitingambulancesandsenttohospitalfortreatment.

1.Thearenotriggingsoflifeboat.

A.wirefallsB.painters

C.davitarmsD.medics

2.Thelifeboat.

A.fellintotheseadirectly

B.fellonthetopofthedavitarms

C.fellsome16mintotheseafromaboutitsstowposition

0.droppedontheedgeofboatdeckandthenrolledoverintothesea

3.Itisinferredthatthe.

A.thelifeboatwillalwaysfallintotheseainauprightposition

B.evendroppedintoseaupsidedownthelifeboatwillautomaticallyturnupright

C.thelifeboatwillnormaldropontoboatdeck,teeteredtheremomentarilyandthenrolledoverintosea

D.thelifeboatfelloften,normallyfreely,fromitsstowpositionsea

4.Ofthefollows,shouldbeconsideredasthelessonofthisaccident.

A.inthiscircumstanceandconditionthecrewshouldberemovedfromthelifeboatbeforeattemptingto

bringitbacktoitsstowposition

B.whenperformingalifeboatlaunchingdrill,theresponsibleofficershouldcallambulancestostandbyat

shipsides

C.thepaintershouldbeunfastenedwhenthelifeboatisattemptedtobringbacktoitsstowposition

D.thelifeboatcrewshouldlearnmorenauticaltermssuchasdavitarms,wirefalls,andpainters

真题示例

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshiptomove

aheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasi

lythangoingastern.

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropeller

bladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerbl

ades.Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipisgoing

ahead.Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,theeffectistheopp

ositeandthesterncantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpro

pellersbehaveintheoppositeway.

l.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas.

A.axialthrustB.transversethrust

C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

2.Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship*ssternto.

A.starboardB.port

C.tomoveaheadD.moveastern

3.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis.

A.goingastemB.goingaheadC.stoppedD.makingnowaythroughthewater

4.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby.

A.therudderB.thepropelleritselfC.thenauticalinstrumentD.windandtide

Practiceset1Lights

ThedetailedamendmenttotheListofLightsisgiveninsectionVandmaybepublishedinanearliereditionthan

thechart-updatingnotice.Theentryforeachlightamendedwillbeprintedandanasterisk—)willdenotewhich

column