新概念英语第三册笔记第42课上课教案讲解学习

新概念英语第三册笔记第42课上课教案精品文档精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除精品文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除Lesson42Moderncavemen一、单词讲解NewwordsandexpressionsLINKExcel.Sheet.8"C:\\DocumentsandSettings\\Administrator\\桌面\\新建MicrosoftExcel工作表.xls""Sheet1!R1C1:R30C2"\a\f4\hcavemann洞穴人（穴居人）caven.洞穴（天然的）cavemann.（远古）洞穴人amanlivinginacavethousandsofyearsagocavern['kæv(ə)n]n.大洞穴，大山洞alargecavecavity['kævɪtɪ] n.洞，腔（正式的医学术语）；（龋齿的）洞pothole['pɒthəʊl] n.锅穴（冰原），壶穴（河床）（地质）potholingn.洞穴探险（运动）potholern.洞穴探险者solitude['sɒlɪtju:d]n.孤独、寂寞（2.独处）（enjoyingbeingalone,beingwithoutcompanions）六级罕见liveinsolitude独自（居住）生活isolationn.隔离、孤立（不情愿地，被动）（afeelingofbeinglonelyandunabletomeetorspeaktootherpeople）eg.Retirementcanoftencausefeelingofisolation.seclusion[sɪ'klu:ʒ(ə)n]n.隔离（主动，隔离室等）；隐居、与世隔绝独处（刻意）eg.TheEmperorlivedinseclusionbehindthewallsoftheForbiddenCity.Recluse[rɪ'klu:s]n.隐士n.隐士；隐居者adj.隐居的远离【世界】，过着【隔绝】生活，“常常”是【独处】。-不一定是【宗·教·信·仰】的原因，不一定是独处（也许是小群体的与世隔绝的生活）；recluse的第2个含义，才是指修行者，和上面hermit同。reclusive[rɪ'kluːsɪv]adj.隐居的；隐遁的hermit['hɜːmɪt]n.（尤指宗教原因的）隐士，隐居者；蜂鸟强调的是远离【社会】，因【宗·教·信·仰】而【独处】的修行的人。还有些小的区别：recluse只用于人，而hermit可指动物的独居习性；lure[l(j)ʊə]v引诱，诱惑（n.诱惑；饵；诱惑物vt.诱惑；引诱；引怪（游戏术语））potholern.洞穴探险者rambler['ræmblə]漫步者，散步者（n.漫步者，漫谈者；攀缘蔷薇）stroll[strəʊl]n.溜达,散步（=slowwalkingforpleasureinstreetoringarden）指不慌不忙地溜达goforastroll=goforawalk,takeastroll=takeawalk--Heisstrollingalongtheroad.Strollern.散步者,流浪者Ramble[‘ræmbl]v.海岸、林中的漫步--Thecoupleareramblingintheforest.[英]漫步，尤指为消遣而在乡间闲逛Roam[rəʊm]v.不安定的漂泊（徜徉；闲逛；漫步towalkortravelaroundanareawithoutanydefiniteaimordirection）常指长时间没有目的或方向地游荡。Wander['wɒndə]vi.漫步,徘徊,流浪,彷徨,无目的地移动1、towalkslowlyaroundortoaplace,oftenwithoutanyparticularsenseofpurposeordirection2、[V]~(away,back,to,etc.sth)(ofaperson'smindorthoughts人的思想或想法)走神；神志恍惚；（思想）开小差tostopbeingdirectedonsthandtomovewithoutmuchcontroltootherideas,3、[V]~(away/off)|~(from/offsth)偏离（正道）；走失；离散tomoveawayfromtheplacewhereyououghttobeorthepeopleyouarewith同义词：strayundertakingn任务，工作undertakev.承担，着手做undertaketodo1、开始做youstartdoingitandacceptresponsibilityforit2、承诺做youpromisethatyouwilldoit.--Heundertooktoinformeveryoneconcerned.--Weundertakeainvestigation.承担，着手做：starttodosthtakeoffdoingsthbeengagedinsth（参与，从事于，忙于）setouttodosetaboutdoingundertakingn.事业，工作（正在着手做的事）Assignment（工作中的）任务，作业onanassignment去执行公务assign分配，指派mission使命MissionImpossible谍中谍foresight['fɔ:saɪt]n预见，深谋远虑foresee预见forecast预测，预报predict预计expect期望，预计Fore前缀表示1、前部的（空间），前面的（时间）2、预先1、foreheadforearm前臂forefinger食指foreword前言（写在〔书〕前面的话→前言）Forerunner先驱，先兆forefather祖先foresight远见2、foreseeforecastforetellforestall阻止（预先制止）foretell[fɔ:'tel]v预言名词的预测一般用predictionprophecy['prɒfɪsɪ]n.预言；allegory['ælɪg(ə)rɪ]寓言（讽寓）fable['feɪb(ə)l]（n.寓言；无稽之谈vi.编寓言；虚构vt.煞有介事地讲述；虚构）foretell一般的通俗用语，往往指根据客观因素做出的预告，强调预先要发生的事。forecast指对未来事件的预报、推测或设想，侧重最终可能出现的结果。predict较正常的正式用词，通常用于人。指根据事实或自然规律进行推断后作出预告，隐含有科学的准确性。foresee指提前、预先料到将要发生的事或指对未发生的事情形成一种概念或判断chasm['kæz(ə)m]n.断层，裂缝，陷坑（n.峡谷；裂口；分歧；深坑）aropebridgeacrossthechasm横跨裂缝的绳索桥n.分歧，不同，裂痕（abigdifferencebetweentheopinions,experience,waysoflife）adeeppoliticalchasmbetweenthesetwocountries两个国家间的很大的政治分歧flaw[flɔ:]n.瑕疵，小裂缝，小错，弱点；裂缝，裂纹vt&vi.使生裂缝，使有裂纹；使无效；使有缺陷（amistake,markorweaknessthatmakessomethingimperfect）事物表面的裂纹，引申出瑕疵，缺陷fatalflaw致命的弱点cleft[kleft]n.裂缝，裂口（自然形成）（（尤指岩石、地表的）裂缝；额头（或下巴）中间的竖缝；（身体）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的巨大差异cleavage['kli:vɪdʒ]n.（劈裂的）裂痕，不同意见（n.劈开，分裂；[晶体]解理；[胚]卵裂）asharpcleavageintheattitudestowardseducation关于教育的截然不同的意见cleave1、劈开[文学性]2、cleaveto坚忠于[正式]fissuren.裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v.（使）裂开，分裂（adeepcrack，especiallyinrockorearth）crackn.（一个）开口，缝隙（1、使…破裂;破裂2、使…噼啪作响;发出辟裂声3、撞击4、叩开（壳鸡蛋）5、破解难题，密码等）最普通的用词eg.Sheopenedthedooracrackandslippedin.crevice['krevɪs]n.（岩石上的）细小裂缝（anarrowcrack,especiallyinrock）gapn.间隙；缺口；差距；分歧(anemptyspacebetweentwoobjects)强调空间thegenerationgap代沟eg.Thereiswidegapinmyknowledgeofhistory.我历史知识十分缺乏。distinguishedadj.杰出的、著名的（学术上、领域知名的）verysuccessfulandrespected;wellknown;remarkableeg.AdistinguishedscientistwonTheNobelPrize.atall,distinguished-lookingman一个高个，相貌非凡的男子unremarkableremarkablyremarkvt谈到、说起（正式评论、谈论on/upon）n.评论、意见aboutoutstanding（adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）--Our

headmaster

is

an

outstanding

youth.（n.年轻人,青少年）Distinguished（adj.

杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的）(非常成功且令人钦佩的)~physicist[‘fɪzɪsɪst]Eminent（adj.

显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的）[‘emɪnənt](尤指在某一行业、专业领域中颇有名气的)Distinguished和eminent是同义词（都是用来修饰严肃领域的人）--a

distinguished

physicist（n.物理学家）,an

eminent

surgeon（n.外科医生）--an

eminent

judge（n.法官）,a

distinguished

lawyer（n.律师）notedadj.显著的、值得注意的；著名的well-knowntoreceivealotofpublicattentionanotedrestaurant一个远近闻名的餐馆celebrated['selɪbreɪtɪd]adj.most-talkedabout,famous著名的（非常偏，专业四级）acelebratedcase人尽皆知的案例celebrity[sɪ'lebrɪtɪ](尤指娱乐界的)名人，明星illustrious[ɪ'lʌstrɪəs]adj.极为杰出的，著名的（一般指人）(famousandadmiredbecauseofwhatyouhaveachievedinthepast,greatlydistinguished;celebrated)anillustriousbookanillustriousnamerenowned[rɪ’naʊnd]

adj.某人或某事/地以其独特的品质、个性而闻名be~(as/forsth)有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的famousandrespected--Hangzhou

is

renowned

foritsbeautifulscenery.（n.风景,景色）notoriousadj.臭名远扬的（famouswidelyknownforsthbad）anotoriousgangster恶名昭彰的歹徒infamous

adj.身名狼藉的（=Notorious）Everest:thehighestmountainintheHimalayas,ontheborderbetweenTibetandNepal[nɪˈpɔːl]eg.AIDSresearchershavemadesomeprogress,buttheystillhaveanEveresttoclimb.wade[weɪd]v涉水、蹚水（或泥）(vi.跋涉vt.涉水；费力行走n.跋涉；可涉水而过的地方)介词一般用through或者acrosswadethrough引申出：费时费力地啃读waterfall瀑布downfall垮台snowfall暴雪gear一套用具之前学的是档位，挂挡是gointoinflatable[ɪn'fleɪtəb(ə)l]可充气的（膨胀的；引申出“得意的”）pneumaticpneumoniaaninflatablerubberdingyaninflatablemattressinflatev.1)tofillsthwithair充气V-T/V-I使充气；充气inflatearubberdinghy2)tofillwithpride得意洋洋，骄傲的（人，膨胀）eg.Ouregoswereinflatedbysuccess.我们因为胜利而变的骄傲自满了。3)tomakepricesincrease涨价，上涨vt&vi抬高(物价);涨高eg.Theinfluxofimmigrantshasinflatedhouseprices.大量移民的涌入使得房价上涨。4)夸大vtIfsomeoneinflatestheamountoreffectofsomething,theysayitisbigger,better,ormoreimportantthanitreallyis,usuallysothattheycanprofitfromit.eg:夸大损失，夸大收获等等inflation（通货膨胀）---deflation（银根紧缩）bubbleeconomy泡沫经济deflatevt.放气，排气；使缩小；紧缩通货；打击；使泄气vi.缩小；物价下降rubble['rʌb(ə)l]n.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石）boulder['bəʊldə]n.大石块（alargestoneorpieceofrock）（卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾）pebble['peb(ə)l]n.小卵石，小石子(asmallsmoothstonefoundonthebeachoronthebottomofriver)eg.Youarenottheonlypebbleonthebeach!（usedtosaythatyouarenottheonlypersonwhohastobeconsideredordeservesattention）eg.Youarenottheonlyfishinthesea.cobble['kɒb(ə)l]n.forpavingtheroad大石子（大卵石，中砾）insistent[ɪn'sɪst(ə)nt]连续的，不断的（1、坚持的;坚决的2、(声音、节奏等)持续的）insist1、坚持认为;执意要求V-T/V-Iinsistthatinsistonsth/doing坚持说insistthat注意一些特殊的用法，或者特殊的词意，比如之前steadily，本意是稳定的，也可以翻译为“连续的”Persistentstubbornabstinatelyboom[bu:m]v./n.轰响bomb[bɒm]n炸弹vt&vi轰炸1)adeeploudsoundthatyoucanhear轰鸣声theboomofthecannons2)arapidincreaseofbusinessactivity经济增长（经济繁荣，急速发展，激增）eg.Aftertheboom,everythingisgloom.boomtown新兴的工业城市atownorcitythatsuddenlybecomesverysuccessfulbecausethereisalotofnewindustrybabyboom：婴儿潮aperiodwhenalotofbabieswerebornesp.between1946and1964eg.BillClintonisababyboomerwhowasbornin1946.prosperousadj.

（经济上）繁荣的，昌盛的[‘prɒspərəs]--our

finance

is

prosperous我们的经济非常的繁荣。（Financen.财政,金融）thrivingadj.昌盛的，兴旺的--thrivingbusiness[θraɪvɪŋ]thrive兴盛，兴隆；长得健壮boomingadj.蓬勃的，景气的--aboomingmarket繁荣的市场本意：急速发展的boomv激增flourishingadj.繁茂的，健康的，繁荣的['flɜ:ɪʃɪŋ]flourish[‘flʌrɪʃ]茂盛，繁荣;活跃，蓬勃--Thoseplantsareflourishing.那些植物长得茂盛。waterspout['wɔ:təspaʊt]n强大的水柱（水龙卷）spout1、vt&vi喷射(液体、火);(液体、火)喷射出2、(容器的)嘴;口3、跌跌不休地说[表不满]cleft[kleft]n.裂缝，开口（裂口（自然形成）（（尤指岩石、地表的）裂缝；额头（或下巴）中间的竖缝；（身体）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.）asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor贫富之间的巨大差异cavern['kæv(ə)n]n.大洞穴，大山洞alargecavestalagmite['stæləgmaɪt]n石笋sticksupfromthefloorofacave.Stalagmitesareformedbytheslowdroppingofwatercontainingtheminerallime.['mɪn(ə)r(ə)l]n.矿物；（英）矿泉水；无机物；adj.矿物的；矿质的stalactite['stæləktaɪt]n.[地质]钟乳石alongpieceofrockwhichhangsdownfromtheroofofacave.Stalactitesareformedbytheslowdroppingofwatercontainingtheminerallime.Plaster['plɑ:stə]n.熟石膏(灰泥;熟石膏;膏药;创可贴;护创胶布;)(v.抹灰;用灰泥抹(墙等);用…涂抹)gypsum['dʒɪpsəm]是生石膏（简称石膏），自然界的矿物质（晶体）,他指代就是CaSO4·2H2O，纯的。Plaster是灰泥（好像俗称石膏），人工的建筑材料（主要成分是gypsum生石膏加热去水后变成的熟石膏人工研磨成的白色粉末），主要成分是熟石膏CaSO4·1/2H2O，其他成分杂七杂八的杂质什么就多了去了我也不是很清楚。种类很多：gypsumplaster石膏灰泥,limeplaster石灰泥,cementplaster水泥灰泥.总之你就想：gypsum就是高中化学实验室放在瓶子里的做实验的纯石膏。plaster是建筑工地一大包一大包的盖房子用的所谓的“石膏”lime[laɪm]石灰，青柠，酸橙limestone石灰石glisten['glɪs(ə)n]v闪烁（vi.闪光，闪亮n.闪光，闪耀）（itshines,usuallybecauseitiswetoroily.(因有水或有油而)发光）glintglimflashflickereerie['ɪərɪ]adj.引起恐惧的(“令人”)，可怕的(strangeandfrighteningcausingafeelingofmysteryandfear)theeeriesoundofanowlhootsintheforestatnight夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声。intheeeriesilence令人恐怖的寂静之中eerilyADV怪异地;可怕地dome[dəʊm]n.穹隆，圆顶（圆屋顶）（aroundroof圆顶）thebluedomeofsky苍穹underthedome穹顶之下柴静，雾霾doom[du:m]v./n.tomakesbcertaintofail,die命里注定（会怎样），在劫难逃常用被动bedoomedtodo（n.厄运；死亡；判决；世界末日vt.注定；判决；使失败）vtdoomsthtosth注定使什么怎样（Ifafactoreventdoomssomeoneorsomethingtoaparticularfate,itmakescertainthattheyaregoingtosufferinsomeway.注定）destiny命运eg.Theirmarriagewasdoomedtofailure.doomsday世纪末日二、课文讲解Caveexploration,orpot-holing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.asithascometobeknown…as引导方式状语从句“正如人们已开始知道的那样。”Cometo变成某种状态，有一个方向性，结合现在完成时又有了时间性，“从过去到现在，逐渐地”Brucechargedatit,butinthemiddle,thecarcametoagrindinghalt.eg.Bumjeejumping,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.上节课学到了oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohavetotravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogotowork（gotowork也有一个方向性，考试一般不会考，阅读中也不太重要，但是表达上要准确）relatively['relətɪvlɪ]adv.相对地，比较地Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatlurespeopledowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itisthedesireforsolitude…thatlurespeople…（强调句）eg.Itisthewishforknowledgethatluresmeintothebookworld.注意介词的使用，desireforchanceof==chancetodo以及副词down表示方向后紧跟的to介词，表目的对象eg：backto注意depth除了深度以外，depths（复数形式）表示深处、深渊Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer’smotives.eg.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforamurder’smotives.Activeadj.积极的；活跃的；主动的；有效的；现役的n.主动语态；积极分子Activatevt.[usupassive]刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性vi.激活；有活力Initiatevt.启动，开始，创始；发起；使初步了解（传授）n.开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者Motiven.动机，目的；主题adj.发动的；成为动机的vt.使产生动机，激起Motivatev.刺激，使有动机，激励/激发…的积极性；成为……的动机；（激起某种行为）Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.注意对比的用法，fascinationforeg.Whatahighmountainistoaclimberthatacaveistoapot-holer.eg.JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.正如达尔文发现有机自然界的发展规律一样，马克思发现了人类的发展规律。Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.arousevt引起，激起，激发arisevi.出现；上升；起立instinctn.本能languageinstinct语感instinctforself-preservation自卫本能介词用forintuition[ɪntjʊ'ɪʃ(ə)n]直觉（注意同位语从句的使用）TheSixthSense第六感eg.Ihadanintuitionthatitwouldrain.eg.IfeelinmybonethattheremaybeachanceinamillionthatIwasright.tuitionn.学费；授课（指导）英国英语dim暗淡的，希望渺茫的，可能性小的ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.注意总结表达“困难”的几种方式it’sdifficultforsbtodosth最直白doingsthisnotataskforsbsbattemptingtodosthisalwaysfacedwithadifficulttasksbhasahardtimedoingsth虽然简单也比较直接，但是表示的意思更加婉转Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.ofmilitaryoperations军事行动般的注意这个所有格of，表达的意思是军事行动的远见，“般的”用来修饰thepreciseplanningandforesightItcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Itcantakeaslongas…rigup…itcantakeaslongas…it是形式主语，torigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybases是逻辑主语aslongas只要，就；长达aslongagoas早在（14课）rigupv.装备，装配；（用身边的工具）草草搭起/做成(tomakeequipment,furnitureetc.quicklyfromobjectsthatyoufindaroundyou)rig[rɪg]本意是给(船、桅等)装配帆、锁具等[nautical]（v.操纵；装配；装扮；装上索具；为…提供服装n.装备；钻探设备；服装；帆装；重型铰接式开车）eg.Soldiersriggeduptentsforthenight.士兵搭起了过夜的帐篷。eg.Weriggedupasimpleshoweratthebackofthecabin.我们在小屋的后面临时装上了一个简易热水器。Itcantakeaslongas…rigup…adescentcanbemadeinto…makeadescentintoeg.Theydiscoveredthecraterandmadeadescentintothevolcano.他们发现了火山口，并进入了火山。descent[dɪ'sent]六级名词1、下降、下坡2、沉沦;没落[强调]3、出身[正式]descendondescendintodescendtosth/doingsthascend反义词，上升1)familyorigins后代eg.WeareChinesebydescent.2)agradualchangetowardsbehaviorthatiswrong堕落，品格下降Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepot-holer.precautionn.预防措施(pre→caution)takeprecaution（sththatyoudoinadvanceinordertopreventsthdangerousorunpleasantfromhappening）eg.Wehavetosaveourworkoftenasaprecautionagainstcomputerfailure.要经常存盘，以免计算机失误而丢失文档。eg.Itakealltheprecautionsofinsuringmycar.我采取预防措施给车子上了保险。takepreventivemeasures采取预防措施==takesteps==takeactionseg.Thegovernmenttookeffectivestepstoholdbacktheincreasinginflation.抑制了持续增长的通货膨胀。…theexactnatureof…willconfrontthepot-holer.naturen.本质，本性，性质humannature人性thenatureof属…性质（类）eg.Hisrequestwasvirtuallyinthenatureofacommand.letthenaturetakeitscourse顺其自然eg.Whatwillbewillbe.Letthenaturetakeitscourse.callofthenature大小便急（委婉语）…theexactnatureof…willconfrontthepot-holer.confrontv.面对，遭遇（todealwithsomethingverydifficultorunpleasantinabraveanddeterminedway）在这里要注意其主语，一般而言用的是人做主语，但是反过来，拟人的非灵主语，把困难作为主语confrontsbwithsth特化为(以某事物)与(某人)对质eg.OnmyfirstdayatworkIwasconfrontedwiththetaskofchairingameeting.befacedwithThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3,723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunneledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.known过去分词直接做前置定语extend深达，也可以长达beformedby以什么形成tunnel隧道，在这里是动词，形成隧道，挖掘隧道，挖掘，冲刷出隧道的形状TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.['dɔːfiːn]王妃多芬阿尔卑斯山脉theentranceto…的入口处entranceexaminationthegatewayto['geɪtweɪ]大门入口，门户；途径；网关eg.ForimmigrantsfromAsia,thegatewaytoUSAisSanFrancisco.plateau['plætəʊ]高原Asitisonlysixfeetacross,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemighthaveneverbeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpot-holer,Berger.mighthavedonesth虚拟语气结构正常结构为iftheentrancehadnotbeenspottedby…非真实性条件状语从句，if的省略多用于较正式的文体之中。把“如果”两字在字面上就去掉eg.HadIrealizedwhatyouintendedIshouldnothavewastedmytime.ifIhaverealizedwhatyouintended…Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpot-holers’Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.muchofitstillremainstobeexplored有待于进一步勘探注意里面概念的转换，让步状从的主语是anumberofdescents探险者的进洞探索，“每次探险”意味着都会有一些新的发现，主句是muchofit变成了洞穴本身，但整体仍然说的还是洞穴的未知和神秘。remainalottobeseenremainalottobedesiredremainalottobeimprovedeg.Itremainstobeseenwhetherornottheoperationwassuccessful.这次行动是否成功还是有待观察。本课裂缝深坑不同的表达Afterenteringthenarrowgapon…Thisimmensechasmhasbeen…Theentrancetothecaveis…Ateamofpot-holersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthecaveuntiltheycametoanarrowcorridor.steep[sti:p]adj.峻峭的,陡峭的；急剧（升降）的precipitous[prɪ'sɪpɪtəs]adj.（verysteepandoftendangerous）险峻，几乎垂直的；居然的，急剧的abruptadj.突兀的（骤然的，突然的；唐突的）precipice['presɪpɪs]n.峭壁（n.悬崖；绝壁；险境）cliffn.悬崖（(尤其指靠海的)悬崖）corridor['kɒrɪdɔ:]走廊（英国英语）；走廊地带(与另一国家相连或穿越另一国取得出海通道的狭长地带)theHexi[Gansu]Corridor河西走廊passage走廊gallery画廊hall(楼里的)过道[美国英语]Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.edgeone'swayalong…侧身缓缓的向前移动edge[edʒ]n.边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利vt.使锐利；将…开刃；给…加上边vi.缓缓移动；侧着移动极限运动，在高楼顶层的边缘走。现在分词做伴随状语wadeacross涉水squeezethrough从中挤身过去elbow/shoulderone’sway==squeezeone’sway挤出一条路Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomoftheeto来到了atthebottomofTheyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.current水流carry非灵主语的使用plungev.投入，跳入[plʌndʒ]（=jump

or

rush

suddenly

and

wildly）以下都可以用plunge(sth)in/intosth1、Vi（尤指向水中）纵身投入，一头进入；突然前冲（或下落）2、Vt

将…投入；将…插入；将…刺进

3、[V](ofprices,temperatures,etc.价格、温度等)暴跌；骤降；突降4、（使）投身；（使）突然开始从事5、使（突然）陷入（不好的状态）theroomwasplungedintodarkness--He

got

so

angry

that

he

plunge

into

the

water.--When

the

ship

Titanic

sank

in

the

ocean,a

large

number

of

people

plunged

into...jump（侧重强调快速地跳）--The

boy

is

jumping

up

and

down.Leapvt.跳跃,跳越（--He

leapt

out

of

the

sleeping

bad.）Divevi.潜水,跳水,下潜,俯冲Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.icywater刺骨的冷水地下水的温度很低（水空调）山涧atthefaren