2024-2025学年新教材高中英语单元素能自测3Unit3Fasterhigherstronger含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

单元素能自测Ⅰ.完形填空SurvivalintheAndesOnOctober13,1972,asmallplanecrashedintoamountainintheAndes.Howsomeofthepassengers__1__toliveisoneofthegreatestsurvivalstoriesevertold.Thesurvivors__2__insidetheremains(残骸)oftheplane,andwaitedfora__3__thatnevercame.Itwasurgenttofindawayto__4__.Threeofthepassengers—Canessa,Parrado,andVizintin—volunteeredto__5__throughthemountainstosearchforhelp.Thethreemen__6__thattheywouldsurviveandbringbackhelp.Forpartofthefirstday,theyweregladtomakesome__7__.Butasthelandandweatherchanged,climbingbecame__8__.Afterseveraldays,theyreachedwhattheythoughtwasthetop.Theyhad__9__thismomentfordays.Ontheothersideofthetop,theyhoped,wouldbea__10__leadingdownandoutofthemountains.However,theysawthesamesnow­coveredtops.Allhopewasn'tlost.Parrado__11__twolowtopsfarawaythatdidn'thavesnow.__12__theycouldgetthere,theywouldbeoutoftheAndes.Withinthefollowingdaystheywalkedtowardthetwolowtops.“Thisisthevalley，”Canessasaid.“Thisistheway__13__.”ByDecember21,theextremely__14__menmadeittothetownofLosMaitenes,andarescueteamwassentto__15__forthesurvivors.Finallyalloftheremainingsurvivorsweresaved.这是一篇记叙文。叙述了1972年10月13日，一架飞机在安第斯山脉坠机，飞机上一些乘客幸存下来，其中三名乘客自愿走出安第斯山脉寻求外界救援，并最终胜利帮助其他人获救的故事。1．A.learned B．managedC．decided D．expected答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。句意：一些乘客是如何胜利活了下来，这是有史以来最宏大的幸存故事之一。A.learned学习；B.managed设法；C.decided确定；D.expected期望。依据标题“SurvivalintheAndes”可知，此处是一些乘客如何胜利活下来。managetodosth.“设法做某事”。故选B。2．A.stayed B．lookedC．turned D．reached答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：生还者留在飞机残骸里，等待救援，但始终没有胜利。A.stayed待；B.looked看；C.turned转向；D.reached到达。飞机失事，生还者只有待在飞机残骸里，才能保证自己幸存下来，符合常识。故选A。3．A.present B．dangerC．message D．rescue答案：D解析：考查名词辨析。句意：生还者留在飞机残骸里，等待救援，但始终没有胜利。A.present礼物；B.danger危急；C.message信息；D.rescue营救。由下文可知，三名生还者自愿走出安第斯山去寻求救援，所以推断出，这些生还者，等待了一段时间，但是救援没有来。故选D。4．A.prepare B．continueC．escape D．develop答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。句意：最紧急的是要逃出去。A.prepare打算；B.continue接着；C.escape逃脱；D.develop发展。飞机失事，生还者被困在安第斯山，所以当务之急就是要找到出去的路。故选C。5．A.journey B．compareC．measure D．expand答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：其中的三名乘客——Canessa、Parrado和Vizintin——自愿穿越山脉寻求帮助。A.journey旅行；Bpare对比；C.measure测量；D.expand膨胀。这里的journey指的是三名志愿者长途旅行去找寻救援。故选A。6．A.admitted B．promisedC．informed D．reminded答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。句意：这三个人保证他们会活下去，并找人来救援。A.admitted承认；B.promised承诺；C.informed告知；D．reminded提示。promise承诺，即表明三位志愿者对于完成任务的信念，也表示赐予其他生还者以希望。故选B。7．A.policy B．helpC．progress D．advice答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。句意：第一天的时间里，他们很兴奋取得了一些进展。A.policy政策；B.help帮助；C.progress进步；D.advice建议。由“glad”可知，他们取得了一些进展。makeprogress取得进步，符合句意。故选C。8．A.narrower B．heavierC．sharper D．tougher答案：D解析：考查形容词比较级辨析。句意：但随着陆地和天气的改变，攀登变得更加艰难。A.narrower狭窄的；B.heavier重的；C.sharper尖锐的；D.tougher强壮的；艰难的。由but可知，陆地和天气的改变导致了攀登变得不顺当，变得更加艰难了。故选D。9．A.imagined B．arrangedC．witnessed D．appreciated答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：他们几天来始终在想象这一刻。A.imagined想象；B.arranged支配；C.witnessed见证；D.appreciated感谢。由上文“Afterseveraldays,theyreachedwhattheythoughtwasthetop.”可知，几天后，他们到达了他们认为是顶峰的地方。所以这是他们始终在想象的时刻。故选A。10．A.court B．valleyC．border D．channel答案：B解析：考查名词辨析。句意：在山顶的另一边，他们希望有一个向下延长且通往山外的山谷。A.court法庭；B.valley山谷；C.border边界；D.channel通道。山与山之间的区域是峡谷，也可能是通往外界的路。所以他们很希望能看到这样的山谷。故选B。11．A.spotted B．countedC．rejected D．mentioned答案：A解析：考查动词辨析。句意：尽管他们还在山的中心，但Parrado发觉了远处两个没有雪的低山顶。A.spotted发觉；B.counted数；C.rejected拒绝；D.mentioned提及。spot发觉，有惊异和出人意料之意。他们走了许多天，发觉了低山顶，看到了希望。故选A。12．A.Because B．HowC．Where D．If答案：D解析：考查连词辨析。句意：假如他们能到达那里，他们就会走出安第斯山脉。A.Because因为；B.How如何；C.Where在……的地方；D.If假如。依据前文可知并非全部的希望都破灭了。本句说明为什么有希望：假如他们能到达那里，他们就会走出安第斯山脉。故选D。13．A.behind B．outC．apart D．off答案：B解析：考查副词辨析。句意：这就是出去的路。A.behind在后面；B.out在外面；C.apart分别；D.off走开。由前文“__12__theycouldgetthere,theywouldbeoutoftheAndes.”可知，假如他们到达那里，他们就有可能走出安第斯山，所以走出用out。故选B。14．A.tired B．disappointedC．frightened D．puzzled答案：A解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些极度乏累的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被立刻派出去搜寻那些生还者。A.tired乏累的；B.disappointed悲观的；C.frightened胆怯 的；D.puzzled困惑的。由12月21日可知，三个志愿者走了好多天，所以他们肯定很乏累。故选A。15．A.fight B．callC．search D．ask答案：C解析：考查动词辨析。句意：到12月21日，那些极度乏累的人来到了洛斯梅滕镇，一支救援队被立刻派出去搜寻那些生还者。A.fight打仗；B.call打电话；C.search搜查；D.ask问。searchfor搜寻。因为不知道其他生还者详细在什么位置，所以要去搜寻他们的位置。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读理解“IfIonlyhadalittlehumility,I'dbeperfect，”themediagiantTedTurnersupposedlysaidsometimeinthe1990s.Whybemodest?Aristotlesaid:“Allmenbynaturedesiretoknow.”Intellectualhumilityisaparticularinstanceofhumility,sinceyoucanbedown­to­earthaboutmostthingsbutstillignoreyourmentallimitations.Intellectualhumilitymeansrecognisingthatwedon'tknoweverything.Actually,itmeansweshouldacknowledgethatwe'reprobablybiasedinourbeliefaboutjusthowmuchweunderstandandseekoutthesourcesofwisdomthatwelack.TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.But,bymakinguslazy,theyhaveopenedupaspacethatignorancecanfill.ThepsychologistTaniaLombrozooftheUniversityofCaliforniaexplainedhowtechnologyenhancesourillusions(错觉)ofwisdom.Shearguesthatthewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding—andthemoreeasilywecanrecallanimage,awordorstatement,themorelikelywe'llthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfromeffortfulcognitiveprocessing.Logicalpuzzlespresentedinanunfriendlyfont(字体),forexample,canencouragesomeonetomakeextraefforttosolvethem.Yetthisapproachrunscountertothenicedesignsoftheappsandsitesthatpopulateourscreens,whereourbrainprocessesinformationina“smooth”way.Whataboutalltheinformationthatpresentsonline?Well,yourcapacitytolearnfromitdependsonyourattitudes.Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesofpersonaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.Peoplewhoarehumblebynaturetendtobemoreopen­mindedandquickertoresolvedisputes,sincetheyrecognisethattheirownopinionsmightnotbevalid.Attheotherendofthescaleliesintellectualarrogance.Sucharrogancealmostalwaysoriginatesfromtheegocentricbias—thetendencytooverestimatetheirownvirtueorimportance,ignoringtheroleofchanceortheinfluenceofotherpeople'sactionsontheirlives.Thisiswhatmakesthesepeoplecreditsuccesstothemselvesandfailuretocircumstance.Fromanevolutionaryperspective,intellectualarrogancecanalsobeseenasawayofachievingdominancethroughforcingone'sviewonothers.Intellectuallyarrogantpeoplehardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardforgroupstoworksuccessfully.TheThriveCenterforHumanDevelopmentinCalifornia,whichseekstohelpyoungpeopleturnintosuccessfuladults,isfundingaseriesofmajorstudiesaboutintellectualhumility.Theirhypothesisisthathumility,curiosityandopennessarekeytoafulfillinglife.“Withouthumility,youareunabletolearn，”LaszloBock,Google'sHeadofPeopleOperations,notes.这是一篇争论文。文章主要讲解并描述了理智谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争辩当作完善自己观点的机会。1．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．theharmarrogancedoestousB．thekeyelementstoafulfillinglifeC．thesignificanceofintellectualhumilityD．thewaypeopleaccessinformationonline答案：C解析：主旨大意题。分析文章可知，文章主要讲解并描述了理智谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争辩当作完善自己观点的机会。结合选项，故选C。2．Technologyenhancesourillusionsofwisdombecauseit________.A．enablespeopletothinkcriticallyB．offerstoomuchunreliableinformationC．allowseasyaccesstoabundantinformationD．makesithardforpeopletorecallinformation答案：C解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段中“TheInternetanddigitalmediahavecreatedtheimpressionoflimitlessknowledgeatourfingertips.”以及“thewayweaccessinformationiscriticaltoourunderstanding—andthemoreeasilywecanrecallanimage,awordorstatement,themorelikelywe'llthinkwe'vesuccessfullylearnedit,andsowithdrawfromeffortfulcognitiveprocessing.”可知，技术使我们对自己的才智产生了错觉，因为它使我们能够简单地获得丰富的信息。结合选项，故选C。3．AccordingtoPara.3,intellectuallyhumblepeople________.A．valueothers'opinionsmorethantheirownB．useonlineinformationtobetterthemselvesC．areunwillingtoshowtheirstrengthsD．prefertosolvedifficultproblems答案：B解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段中“Intellectuallyhumblepeopledon'thideorignoretheirweaknesses.Infact,theyseethemassourcesofpersonaldevelopment,anduseargumentsasanopportunitytorefinetheirviews.”可知，他们把网上的信息视为个人发展的源泉，是完善自我的机会。结合选项，故选B。4．Theauthorwillprobablyagreethat________.A．intellectualarroganceistheresultofevolutionB．intellectuallyarrogantpeopleoftenlackteamspiritC．successfulpeopleareoftenunawareoftheirlimitationsD．circumstancesdon'tfavorintellectuallyarrogantpeople答案：B解析：推理推断题。依据文章倒数其次段中“Intellectuallyarrogantpeoplehardlyinvestmentalresourcesindiscussionorworkingtowardsgroupconsensus,thusmakingithardforgroupstoworksuccessfully.”可知，自大的智者缺乏合作精神。结合选项，故选B。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Oncetherewasanemperor(皇帝)intheFarEastwhowasgrowingoldandknewitwascomingtimetochoosehissuccessor(继承者).Insteadofchoosingoneofhisownchildren,hedecidedtodosomethingdifferent.Hecalledalltheyoungpeopletogetheroneday.Hesaid,“It'stimeformetostepdownandtochoosethenextemperor.I'vedecidedtochooseoneofyou.”Thekidswereshocked!Buttheemperorcontinued,“I'mgoingtogiveeachofyouaspecialseed(种子).Iwantyoutogohome,planttheseed,waterandcomebackhereoneyearfromtodaywithwhatyou'vegrownfromthisoneseed.Iwillthenjudgetheplantsyoubring,andtheoneIchoosewillbethenextemperor！”OneboynamedLingwastherethatdayandhe,liketheothers,receivedaseed.Backhome,heplantedtheseedinapotandwatereditcarefully.Everydayhewouldwateritandwatchtoseeifithadgrown.Afterthreeweeks,someoftheotheryouthsbegantotalkabouttheirseedsandtheplantsthatwerebeginningtogrow.Lingkeptcheckinghisseed,butnothingevergrew.Threeweeks,fourweekswentby.Stillnothing.Hefeltlikeafailure.Sixmonthswentby,everyoneelsehadtreesandtallplants,buthehadnothing.Lingdidn'tsayanythingtohisfriends.However,hejustkeptwaitingforhisseedtogrow.Ayearfinallywentbyandalltheyouthsbroughttheirplantstotheemperorforinspection.Lingdidn'twanttogo,buthismotherencouragedhimtogoandtobehonestaboutwhathappened.Lingknewhismotherwasright.Hetookhisemptypottothepalace.WhenLingarrived,hewasamazedat