考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷9（共190题）

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷9（共9套）（共190题）考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、阅读（补全短文）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)[A]Manystudiesconcludethatchildrenwithhighlyinvolvedfathers,inrelationtochildrenwithlessinvolvedfathers,tendtobemorecognitivelyandsociallycompetent,lessinclinedtowardgenderstereotyping,moreempathic,andpsychologicallybetteradjusted.Commonly,thesestudiesinvestigatebothpaternalwarmthandpaternalinvolvementandfind—usingsimplecorrelations—thatthetwovariablesarerelatedtoeachotherandtoyouthoutcomes.[B]Boysseemedtoconformtothesex-rolestandardsoftheirculturewhentheirrelationshipswiththeirfatherswerewarm,regardlessofhow"masculine"thefatherswere,eventhoughwarmthandintimacyhavetraditionallybeenseenasfemininecharacteristics.Asimilarconclusionwassuggestedbyresearchonotheraspectsofpsychosocialadjustmentandonachievement:Paternalwarmthorclosenessappearedbeneficial,whereaspaternalmasculinityappearedirrelevant.[C]Thecriticalquestionis:Howgoodistheevidencethatfathers'amountofinvolvement,withouttakingintoaccountitscontentandquality,isconsequentialforchildren,mothers,orfathersthemselves?Theassociationswithdesirableoutcomesfoundinmuchresearchareactuallywithpositiveformsofpaternalinvolvement,notinvolvementperse.Involvementneedstobecombinedwithqualitativedimensionsofpaternalbehaviorthroughtheconceptof"positivepaternalinvolvement"developedhere.[D]Commonly,researchersassessedthemasculinityoffathersandofsonsandthencorrelatedthetwosetsofscores.Manybehavioralscientistsweresurprisedtodiscoverthatnoconsistentresultsemergedfromthisresearchuntiltheyexaminedthequalityofthefather-sonrelationship.Thentheyfoundthatwhentherelationshipbetweenmasculinefathersandtheirsonswaswarmandloving,theboyswereindeedmoremasculine.Later,however,researchersfoundthatthemasculinityoffatherspersedidnotseemtomakemuchdifferenceafterall.Assummarizedby:[E]Theseconddomaininwhichasubstantialamountofresearchhasbeendoneontheinfluenceofvariationsinfatherlovedealswithfatherinvolvement,thatis,withtheamountoftimethatfathersspendwiththeirchildren(engagement),theextenttowhichfathersmakethemselvesavailabletotheirchildren(accessibility),andtheextenttowhichtheytakeresponsibilityfortheirchildren'scareandwelfare(responsibility).[F]Itisunclearfromthesestudieswhetherinvolvementandwarmthmakeindependentorjointcontributionstoyouthoutcomes.Moreover,"caringfor"childrenisnotnecessarilythesamethingas"caringabout"them.Indeed,Lambconcludedfromhisreviewofstudiesofpaternalinvolvementthatitwasnotthesimplefactofpaternalengagement(i.e.,directinteractionwiththechild),availability,orresponsibilityforchildcarethatwasassociatedwiththeseoutcomes.Rather,itappearsthatthequalityofthefather-childrelationshipmadethegreatestdifference.J.H.Pleckreiteratedthisconclusionwhenhewrote:[G]ResearchbyVenezianoandRohnersupportstheseconclusions.Inabiracialsampleof63AfricanAmericanandEuropeanAmericanchildren,theauthorsfoundfrommultipleregressionanalysesthatfatherinvolvementbyitselfwasassociatedwithchildren'spsychologicaladjustmentprimarilyinsofarasitwasperceivedbyyouthstobeanexpressionofpaternalwarmth(acceptance).[H]Manystudieslookingexclusivelyattheinfluenceofvariationsinfatherlovedealwithtwotopics-.(1)genderroledevelopmentand(2)fatherinvolvement.Studiesofgenderroledevelopmentemergedprominentlyinthe1940sandcontinuedthroughthe1970s.Thiswasatimewhenfatherswereconsideredtobeespeciallyimportantasgenderrolemodelsforsons.Order:1、标准答案：D知识点解析：已经给出位置的段落是A、G和H项。首先，由于H项是首段，因此可知文章的结构是总一分结构，H项是概括，其余各段进行分述。那么接下来要判断，是先论述哪一组的内容。根据内容，可将这八个选项分成三组，第一组是B项和D项，它们的内容几乎重合，都是论述父子关系决定男孩是否具有男子气概；首先，要判断两项的前后顺序。D项的最后两句提到，“研究者后来发现，父亲本身有无男子气概根本不是(男孩有无男子汉气概的)决定性因素。总结如下。”显然，后面的内容应继续围绕这一观点展开论述。而符合要求的只有B项。因此D项在前，B项在后。2、标准答案：B知识点解析：B项主要论述了，决定男孩是否遵循所在文化中有关性别角色的标准(即有男子气概)的因素不是其父的男子气概，而是父子间关系是否亲密。D项最后提到“Assummarizedby(总结如下)”说明D项的下一段还是要接着围绕这一观点开始展开论述，阅读了其他段落，符合此观点的只有段落B项，因此确定了B项在D项后面的位置。3、标准答案：E知识点解析：根据内容，可将这八个选项分成三组，第二组是A、C、E、F、G项，它们都提到了“父亲的参与性“；这一组中，除了A项和G项的位置已知，E项的内容比较特殊。E项提出，第二个研究是对父爱差异的影响进行了大量研究的领域是关于父亲的主动参与性。它包括投入性、易近性和责任性。因此E项不仅是第二组内容的总结，而且是两组内容间的过渡段。它应该置于B项后，作为第二组内容的开始段。因此确定了E项的位置。4、标准答案：F知识点解析：再判断C项和F项的前后顺序。这两段的内容很相似，都强调除了父亲的参与性，还要考虑父子关系的质量。F项主要论述了，参与性与温情这两个变量中哪一个影响青少年的成长结果还不确定。莱姆认为父子关系的质量而非参与性是决定因素。而由F项的末句“普拉克重申这种说法时写道”可知，后面的内容继续围绕这一话题展开论述，因此F项应该排在前面。5、标准答案：C知识点解析：C项主要论述了除了考虑父亲的参与性，还要考虑其参与的内容和质量。第二组是A、C、E、F、G项，它们都提到了“父亲的参与性”；已经给出位置的段落是A、G、H项，E项内容已经确定了，剩下F项和C项，F项的段末写道“J．H．Pleckreiteratedthisconclusionwhenhewrote”可知，后面的内容继续围绕这一话题展开论述，因此C项接在F项的后面。[A]YoumayhavetoimpressthecompanyHRrepresentativesaswell.HRrepsaretypicallytrainedtoaskveryspecificandpersonalquestions,likewhatsalaryyouexpectandwhatyou'vemadeinthepast.Theymightaskyouaboutyourimpressionsofthecompanyandthepeoplewhointerviewedyou.Theymightalsoaskifyouhaveotheroffers.Ifso,chancesaregoodthattheyarewillingtocompeteforyou.Butifyousaythatyouhaveotheroffers,bepreparedtobackitupwiththewho,whatandwhen,becausetheymightchallengeyou.TheHRrepsarealsothepeoplewhowillconductorarrangereferenceandbackgroundchecks.Theymighthavethefinalsay.[B]Besidesmanagement,youmightalsointerviewwithoneormoreofyourfuturecoworkers.Regardlessofthequestionstheyask,whattheymostreallywanttoknowishowwellyou'llfitintotheteam,ifyou'llcausethemmoreworkinsteadofless,andiftheyshouldfeelthreatenedbyyou.Whenanswering,beeagerenoughtoshowthatyouareagoodteamplayerandwillpullyourload,butnotsoeagerastoappeartobeaback-stabbingladderclimber![C]Alwaysresearchacompanybeforeyouinterview,andrememberthatattire,bodylanguageandmannerscount,bigtime.Trytoavoidcommonmistakes.Youmaythinkthatthisiscommonsense,butcrazystuffreallyhappens![D]JobinterviewingisoneofthemostpopularcareertopicsontheWeb.Butnocareeradvisorcantellyouexactlywhattosayduringajobinterview.Interviewsarejusttooup-closeandpersonalforthat.Aboutthebestthatcareeradvisorscando,istogiveyousometipsaboutthetypicalquestionstoexpect,soyoucanpracticeansweringthemaheadoftime.But,whiletherearemanycannedinterviewquestions,therearefewcannedanswers.Therestisuptoyou.[E]Bepreparedtoattendasecondinterviewatthesamecompany,andmaybeevenathirdorfourth.Ifyou'recalledbackformoreinterviews,itmeansthatthey'reinterestedinyou.But,itdoesn'tmeanyou'reashoo-in.Mostlikely,theyarenarrowingthecompetition,sokeepupthegoodwork![F]Toputyousomewhatatease,manyinterviewersreallydon'tknowhowtointervieweffectively.Frontlineinterviewersaretypicallymanagersandsupervisorswhohaveneverbeenorarebarelytrainedininterviewingtechniques.They'realittlenervoustoo,justlikeyou.Somedon'tevenprepareinadvance.Thismakesiteasierforyoutotakecontroloftheinterview,ifyouhaveprepared.Butincontrollinganinterview,it'snotagoodideatotrytodominate.Instead,trytosteerittowardlandingthejob.[G]Afterinterviewing,immediatelysendathankyoulettertoeachofyourinterviewers.It'sprofessionalandexpected,andmightevenbethedecidingfactorinyourfavor.[H]Remember,it'satwo-waystreet.It'stheemployer'schancetojudgeyou,butit'salsoverymuchyourchancetojudgetheemployer.Infact,ifyouhandleyourselfwellandasktherightquestions,you'11puttheinterviewerinthepositionofsellingthecompanytoyou.Ifthishappens,you'reprobablydoingwell.Order:6、标准答案：D知识点解析：文章已给出位置的A项出现在文章中部，通过阅读得出该段是关于面试中的问题。给出的段落C项是关于面试前的准备。给出了段落G项是在文章的最后，通过阅读得出是面试之后的事项。这三段的内容里隐含了时间顺序逻辑关系．即：面试前——面试中——面试后。通过阅读所有段落得出D项是面试前的。D项一开始就提出了全文讨论的对象“求职面试”(jobinterviewing)，先从面试前的准备工作谈起，指出就业顾问只能给出有限的建议，接着引出全文的主旨：更多的工作需要求职者自己完成。言外之意，下面的内容围绕求职者面试需要注意的问题而展开论述。因此D项最适合做首段。7、标准答案：F知识点解析：A项首句出现了特征词aswell(也，又，同样)，表并列补充关系。此外，A项末句出现了另外一个特征词havethefinalsay，说明人事部门的代表在面试中具有最后的发言权，因此他们是面试者最后要过的一关。因此B．F应放在A项前。B项和F项都是关于面试过程中的；但是在B项段首出现了特征词besides，它是表示递进关系的逻辑词。因此，B项并不适合放在首段之后，F项主要论述了由于面试考官几乎没受过面试技巧的训练或准备不充分，求职者应该在面试中掌握主动权，因此F项适合做第二段。8、标准答案：B知识点解析：B项和F项都是关于面试过程中的；B项中的“management”和上文F段提到了“经理和主管(managersandsupervisors)”的内容相关，并且和F项内容处于同等、并列的地位，可能说明一个话题的不同方面。B项段首出现了特征词Besides，它是表示递进关系的逻辑词。更印证了B项和F项是说明一个话题的不同方面。B项主要介绍了在和未来同事面谈时应该注意的问题。因此，B项适合放在F项的后面，主要论述了求职者在和未来同事面谈时要显示出自己是一个有团队精神的人，因此确定了B项在文章中的位置。9、标准答案：H知识点解析：依据面试进程将其划分为三部分：A、B、F项是关于面试过程中的；C、D项是面试前的；E、G项是面试之后的；只有H项不明显，它介绍的是面试的性质。该段没有提出主旨句，而更像是一种补充说明。H项中进一步的指出了面试不仅是雇主(通过面试者的着装和言行举止)评判求职者的机会，也是求职者了解公司的机会。而前一段C项讲面试前应调查公司、注意行为举止等，因此结合起来推断，H项应该放在C项的后面。确定了H项的位置。10、标准答案：E知识点解析：E项主要论述了准备参加同一家公司的多轮面试。文章的阅读时间逻辑顺序：面试前一一面试中——面试后。通过阅读全文，得出E项和G项都是面试之后的；G项的位置已经给出了，只剩下E项了，放在G项之前。确定了E项的位置。[A]Indiarunslikeathreadthroughthistale.CottonwasbeingspunintheIndusValleyin3000BC:Herodotusadmireditsquality.Spinningandweavingcotton(thewordcomesfromqutninArabic)wereintroducedtoEuropebyMusliminvadersinthetenthcentury.InIndiacottonasacottageindustrywassosuccessfulthatitestablishedasubstantialmarketinBritain.Thishadtwoconsequences.Thefirstwastechnologicalinnovationintheindustrialnorth:spinningmachines,theinventionoftheflyingshuttle,thespinningjennyandpowerloomsweretheforerunnersoftheIndustrialRevolution.Thesecond,introducedin1774toassistEnglishspinnersandweavers,wasprotectionistlegislationthatmadeitillegaltosellimportedcotton.[B]SlavesandwideopenspacesinthesouthernstatestransformedAmerica'seconomy,too.Capital,raisedmainlyinLondon,financedtheexpansion.Bythelate1850s,77%ofthecottonconsumedinBritaincamefromAmerica.ProfitssoaredonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Manchesterbecameacentreoftheuniverse,alwaysfeedingoncheaplabour,mostlywomen,who,unlikeslaves,werepaidawage,albeitapoorone.[C]TodaythemainsourcesofrawcottonareChina(29%)andIndia(21%).Supportedbygrotesquesubsidies($35billionbetween1995and2010),Americaclingsoninthirdplace.Producersselltothenewmerchantsofcotton:globalretailerssuchasGapandAdidas.MrBeckert'sstoryisbothinspirationalandutterlydepressing,areflectionofthewhite-knuckleridethathasbeenthecharacteristicofglobalisationthroughthecenturies.[D]By1800mass-producedBritishcottondominatedworldmarkets,includinginIndiawheretheindustrycollapsed.Inthethreedecadesto1820innovationhelpedproductivityinBritain'snewcottonfactoriesincrease370times.MrBeckert,ahistoryprofessoratHarvard,callsthisneweconomicorder"WarCapitalism"asitisbasedonimperialexpansion,expropriationofland,andslavery.[E]Goodeconomichistorytellsdramaticstoriesofingenuityandaspiration,greedandnationalself-interest.SvenBeckertwritesgoodeconomichistory.Butwhycotton?MrBeckert'sansweristhatfor900years,until1900,itwastheworld'smostimportantmanufacturingindustry.Cottonisrelevantnowbecausethestoryexplainshowandwhyanindustrygoesglobal.Itisastoryofwildlyfluctuatingfortunes,fromstunningwealthtodiresocialdisasters.[F]DeprivedofrawAmericancottonwhenthecivilwarbrokeoutin1861,EnglishmanufacturersrediscoveredIndia.RailwayswerebuiltinthenewlyacquiredstateofBerartoshiftrawcottonforexporttoBombay.By1862,75%ofBritain'scottonoriginatedinIndia.Theindustryhadgoneglobal:EgyptandBrazilalsoprovidednewsourcesofsupply.WhennewsoftheUnionArmy'svictoriesin1865reachedIndia,propertypricesinBombaycollapsed,anticipatingtherenewedcompetitionthattheendofthewarmightbring.Intheevent,aspeacereturnedtotheAmericanSouthandformerslavesbecamesharecroppers,theglobalindustryrecoveredquickly,helpedbyasurgeindemand.[G]Inthelate19thcenturythecottonindustryinEnglandbegantodecline.AttheheightoftheGreatDepressionin1932only11%oftheworld'smechanicalspindleswereoperatinginBritain,comparedwith61%in1860.TheterribleblightthathasoverwhelmedcottontownssuchasRochdalebeganthen,andhasgrownworsesince.Bythelate1960sBritainaccountedforonly2.8%ofglobalcottonexports.Order:11、标准答案：E知识点解析：文章首尾两段缺失。根据上述分析可知，本文是一篇书评，是关于斯文·贝克特写的一本关于全球棉花产业发展历史的书。而第一组C、E两项都提到了斯文·贝克特和他的书，很明显应该是首、尾两段。浏览C、E两项发现，C项开头提到TodaythemainsourcesofrawcottonareChina(29％)andIndia(21％)，很明显应该是棉花产业发展到今天的状态，因此C项应该是最后一段。由此判断E项为第一段。而E项中的Butwhycotton?MrBeckert’sansweristhatfor900years，until1900，itwastheworld’smostimportantmanufacturingindustry．也正好引出下文。因此，正确答案是E项。12、标准答案：D知识点解析：剩下第二组选项，其中A、F已经给定，因此剩下的答案从B、D、G中选择。B项的时间标志词是1850s，D项是1800、1820，G项是1932、1960s，结合本文讲棉花产业发展历史，按照时间顺序初步判断剩下三项的顺序是D、B、G。观察D项，开头By1800mass-producedBritishcottondominatedworldmarkets，includinginIndiawheretheindustrycollapsed．(到了1800年，产量巨大的英国棉花称霸了全球市场，包括棉纺产业已经崩溃的印度。)说明前面已经提到过印度，恰好上文第二段(A项)提到了India，并且D项的时间1800、1820在A项时间1774之后。此外，A项最后一句话讲英国颁布了贸易保护法，这也解释了D项开头英国棉花称霸全球市场的原因。因此，正确答案为D项。13、标准答案：B知识点解析：现在还剩下B、G两项。观察发现B项时间1850s在上一段(D项)1800、1820之后，且B项开头的Slaves与上一段(D项)末句的slavery照应，transformedAmerica’seconomy，too与上一段讲英国棉花的发展照应。因此，正确答案是B项。14、标准答案：G知识点解析：观察G项，其时间1932、1960s在上一段(F项)1865之后，且本段讲英国棉花产业开始倒退，内容上承接上文。因此，正确答案是G项。15、标准答案：C知识点解析：根据分析可知，最后一段应为C项。C项末句MrBeckert’sstoryisbothinspirationalandutterlydepressing与第一段(E项)第一句Goodeconomichistorytellsdramaticstoriesofingenuityandaspiration，greedandnationalself-interest．SvenBeckertwritesgoodeconomichistory．首尾呼应。因此，正确答案是C项。[A]Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitesarenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelysubjacenttothem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.[B]Nevertheless,themovementoffashionisanimportantformofcollectivebehavior.First,itshouldbenotedthatthefashionmovementisagenuineexpressivemovement.Itdoesnothaveaconsciousgoalwhichpeoplearetryingtoreachthroughcollectiveaction,asistrueinthecaseofthespecificsocialmovements.Nordoesitrepresentthereleaseofexcitementandtensiongeneratedinadancingcrowdsituation.[C]Itdoesnotbuildupasocialorganization:itdoesnotbuildupmoraleandrequireanideology:ithasnopersonnelorfunctionaries:itdoesnotdevelopadivisionoflaboramongitsparticipantswitheachbeingassignedagivenstatus:itdoesnotconstructasetofsymbols,myths,values,philosophy,orsetofpractices,andinthissenseitdoesnotformaculture:andfinally,itdoesnotdevelopasetofloyaltiesorformawe-consciousness.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Peopleparticipateinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.[D]Asamovement,fashionshowslittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalongincharacteristiccycle,itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.[E]Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceitadoptsnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytobeimitatedverysoon.[F]Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,andinthearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietyorinacastesociety.[G]Itisexpressive,however,ofcertainfundamentalimpulsesandtendencies,suchasaninclinationtowardnovelexperience,adesireofdistinction,andanurgetoconformfashionisimportantespecially,inprovidingameansfortheexpressionofdevelopingtastesanddispositions:thisfeatureestablishesitasaformofexpressivebehavior.Order:16、标准答案：F知识点解析：首先了解选项大意。A项：在阶级社会里，流行时尚是以区别和模仿为基础的。B项：追逐流行时尚的运动是集体行为的一种重要形式。C项：流行时尚不能形成一种文化，追逐时尚的人是自愿参与到追逐时尚的潮流中来的。D项：流行时尚与其他潮流几乎没有什么相似之处。E项：区别与模仿的过程使流行时尚垂直地传递下去。F项：流行时尚广泛存在于各个领域．并且需要以阶级社会作为背景。G项：流行时尚的特色确定了其是一种行为表现方式。结果发现A、E、F项是一组，都涉及阶级、区别和模仿。另外D、G项已经给定，剩下B、C项。首先需要在A、E、F、B、C项里面确定哪个是首段。B项开头Nevertheless，须与上文形成转折：C项开头是一组Itdoesnot的排比句，it无所指；E项开头Thisprocess指代不明；均不能作为首段。剩下A、F项。根据选项大意判断F项在A项前面。F项最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety(时尚需要以阶级社会作为背景)为下文埋下了伏笔。因此F项为正确答案。17、标准答案：A知识点解析：由上面的分析可知，A、E、F是一组，既然确定了F项为第一段，那么下面的二、三段很可能就是A、E项了。先看已经给定的D项首句Asamovement，fashionshowslittleresemblanceto…再看A项首句Fashionbehavesasamovement…可见A、D项联系紧密，且A项在D项之前。而E项如果作为第二段的话，开头Thisprocess在第一段没有指代内容。因此推断第二段是A项。A项大意是：在阶级社会里，流行时尚是以区别和模仿为基础的。这解释了第一段(F项)最后一句提到的“时尚需要以阶级社会作为背景”。因此，本题正确答案是A项。18、标准答案：E知识点解析：A项最后两句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelysubjacenttothem，who，inturn，areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure．(所以生活在他们下层的社会人物喜欢去模仿他们生活中的外部特征和行为。反过来，这些人又受到更下层社会人物的模仿。)E项开头Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent(这个过程使流行时尚垂直地传递下去)与A项联系紧密，因此本题正确答案是E项。19、标准答案：C知识点解析：剩下的选项是B、C项。先看D项最后一句itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken(它并不依赖于我们所说的机制)。再看C项Itdoesnot的排比句显然是对这句话的解释说明。排比句后面的andinthissenseitdoesnotformaculture；andfinally，itdoesnotdevelopasetofloyaltiesorformawe-consciousness解释了为什么流行时尚与其他潮流没有相似之处，与D项呼应。因此，本题正确答案为C项。20、标准答案：B知识点解析：B项开头Nevertheless很明显是与上文形成转折。那么看上一段(C项)最后一句Peopleparticipateinthefashionmovementvoluntarily(人们自愿地参与到追逐时尚的潮流中)，再看B项第一句Nevertheless，themovementoffashionisanimportantformofcollectivebehavior(然而，追逐流行时尚的运动却是集体行为的一种重要形式)，发现上下文在语义上确实形成转折。因此确定本题正确答案是B项。考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、阅读（常规阅读理解）(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!"wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim"anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim."AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe"consumed"atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto"amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.1、WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert’sappointmenthasA、incurredcriticism.B、raisedsuspicion.C、receivedacclaim.D、arousedcuriosity.标准答案：C知识点解析：态度题。根据关键词Paragraph1、Gilbert’sappointment定位在文章第一段。本段一开始就提及，任命AlanGirbert为下一任音乐指挥已成为古典音乐界谈论的焦点。第二句Forthemostpart，theresponsehasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast．(至少可以这样说，大部分人的反应是积极的)暗示了答案。原文使用了形容词favorable(赞成的)，四个选项中，只有C项的acclaim和favorable是同义，意为“喝彩，欢呼，赞同”，因此选C项。A项“招致批评”，B项“引起怀疑”，D项“引起好奇”，均不符合原文意思。2、TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhoisA、influential.B、modest.C、respectable.D、talented.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据关键词Tommasini、artist定位在文章第二段。第二句EvenTommasini．．．callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim．”表示Gilbert是低调的音乐家，在他身上没有任何令人敬畏的大指挥家的架子。B项中的modest和原文中的unpretentious“不炫耀的，含蓄的，谦虚的”同义，故为正确答案。第二段第一句讲到Gilbert名气较小，由此可以断定A项influential“有影响力的”是不正确的。C项respectable“值得尊敬的”和D项talented“有天赋的”在文中没有提及。3、TheauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoersA、ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.B、rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.C、exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.D、overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词devotedconcertgoers定位到第四段。首句是作者对他们的负面评价：没有抓住核心问题(missingthepoint)，接下来各句具体叙述他们没有抓住的这个核心问题是什么。作者分析指出古典音乐演奏者的竞争对手众多，特别是演奏者的诸多优势带来了巨大的威胁。可见，作者认为音乐会迷们低估了其他艺术消费形式特别是演奏录音的价值，过于乐观地估计了古典音乐现场演奏的价值，故D项正确。其他三项都是对原文的曲解。4、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?A、Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.B、Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.C、Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.D、Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据题干定位在文章第四段。第三句指出，音乐录音便宜、随处可得，听众可以选择“消费”它们的时间和地点。句中的availableeverywhere和widespreadavailability是近义替换，故B项为正确答案。A项属于反向干扰，C项属于过度引申，D项是对文中内容的片面理解。5、RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeelsA、doubtful.B、enthusiastic.C、confident.D、puzzled.标准答案：A知识点解析：态度题。根据题干定位在文章第五段第二句，该句是评论家Rose对Gilbert的评价：他能够振兴纽约爱乐乐团，使之成为不同的、焕发生机的团队。而作者的看法是：不同的实质会是什么呢?仅仅增加乐团的表演曲目是不够的。由此可知，作者对Gilbert能够在振兴乐团中发挥的作用表示怀疑。故A项为正确答案。B、C项属于反向干扰，D项属于同向干扰，puzzled强调“困惑，不明白，不理解”。Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors'namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.TheInternet—andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit—ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport'sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.6、Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscussesA、thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.B、thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.C、therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.D、thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。本题考查的是考生对第一段的理解。根据文章，第一段中，作者写道，实验室先把结果交给刊物，在编辑删除论文中作者和相关信息后，论文将交给专家来评审，以决定论文是否能发表。版权由杂志社保留。研究者必须订阅杂志才能查找此研究结果的相关文章。由此可以看出，这段话主要讲的是学术期刊的出版(科研成果的发表)过程及特点。因此D项“刊物出版的传统流程”正确。A项“刊物编辑的背景信息和选项”，B项“实验报告的出版流程”，C项“作者与出版商的关系”，都未能准确概括本段的含义。7、WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?A、Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.B、Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.C、Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.D、Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的关键词OECDreport可定位到第二段。通读第二段第三句至段尾可知，OECD的报告使至今一向获利丰厚的出版商们感到心情沉重(makesheavyreadingforpublishers)，而且报告还表明科学研究中一直很关键的一项因素发生了改变。因此C项为正确答