2021-2022学年陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）（不含听力音频）

2021-2022学年陕西省宝鸡市渭滨区高一上学期期末考试英语试题第I卷（选择题，满分100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthestreet. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inthepostoffice.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme.HowcanIgettothenearestsupermarket?W:It’sonPenningRoad.Gopastthepostofficeandit'sonyourleft.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomanlikelytodo?A.Makeaphonecall. B.Havearest. C.dealwiththeproblem【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Doyouthinkyoucantakecareofeverythingintheofficetoday?M:Noproblem.Justgohomeandtakearest.IfthereisanythingIfeelIcannotdealwith,I'llcallyou.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$520. B.$80. C.$100.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Howmuchisthatintotal?W:$100.Butifyouhaveamembershipcard,Icangivea20%discount.M:Great!Thisismymembershipcard.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers？A.Brotherandsister. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Workmates.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IhopeyoucancometothepartyonSaturday.M:Ididn’tknowIwasinvited.W:Sureyouare.Everyoneinourofficeisinvited.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whattimeisitnow?A.9:50. B.10:00. C.9:10.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Whattimeisyourtrainleaving?M:Itleavesat10:00.I’vegot50minutesleft.W:You’dbetterhurry,oryouwon’tbeabletocatchit.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhatdoesBilloftendoonFridaynight?A.Visithisparents. B.Gotothemovies. C.WalkalongBroadway.7.Whowatchesmusicalplaysmostoften?A.Bill. B.Bill’sparents. C.Sarah.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:So,Bill.Whatdoyouusuallydoontheweekend?M:IoftengotothemovieswithfriendsonFridaynight.Howaboutyou,Sarah?W:Well,IloveseeingmusicalplaysonBroadwaywithmyfriends.Haveyoubeentoany?M:Notreally.IsawonewhenImovedtoNewYorkandanotheronewhenmyparentscametovisit.Butnoteversince.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whichcolordocatsseebetterthanhumans？A.Blue. B.Green. C.Red.9.Whydocatsbringdeadbirdshome？A.Toeattheminasafeplace.B.Toshowofftheirhuntingskills.C.Tomaketheirownershappy.10.Howdoesthemansoundattheendoftheconversation？A.Grateful. B.Curious. C.Humorous.【答案】8.A9.A10.C【解析】【原文】W:Welcometoourprogram,DrPeterson.Let'sseewhatquestionswe'vegotforyoutoday.Here'sone:Cancatsseecolor?M:Sortof.Inthewild,manycatshuntatnightbecausetheireyesaredesignedforlowlight.Yourcatcan'tseebrightcolorssuchasredandgreen.Butitpicksupmoreshadesofblue,yellow,andgreythanhumansdo.W:Andwhydocatsgivedeadbirdstotheirowners?M:Whenyourcatdropsadeadbirdatyourfeet,sheisn'tbringingyouapresent.Mostcatsjustdragfoodhomebecauseit'sasafeplacetoeat.Acat'smomalsobringshomethingstoherchildrentohelpthempracticehunting.So,afemalecatwithoutchildrenmaybringthese"treats"toherownerinstead.Youmaynotlikethem,butatleastyoudon'thavetowriteherathank-younote.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatisMr.Stonedoingnow?A.Eatinglunch. B.Havingameeting. C.Writingadiary.12.WhydoesthemanwanttoseeMr.Stone?A.Todiscussaprogram. B.Tomakeatravelplan. C.Toaskforsickleave.13.WhenwillthemanmeetMr.Stonethisafternoon?A.At3:00. B.At3:30. C.At3:45.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】M:Hello,canIspeaktoMr.Stone,please?W:Hello,butI'mafraidMr.Stoneisinameetinguntillunchtime.CanItakeamessage?M:Well,yes.I'dliketomakeanappointmenttoseehim.It'sHarrisonWhitehere.W:Justasecond,Mr.White.I'lllookinthediary.So...whenisconvenientforyou?M:Sometimetoday,ifpossible.Ihearhe'llbeawaytomorrow.W:Yes,that'sright.He'llbeonabusinesstripforaweek.M:Ineedtotalkaboutmynewprogramwithhimbeforeheleaves.It'surgent.SowouldthisafternoonbeOK?W:Letmesee....Stoneisfreethisafternoonafter3:00.M:Well,3:00isabitdifficult.ButIcouldmakeitafter3:30.W:So,shallwesayaquartertofourthisafternooninMr.Stone'soffice?M:That'sgreat.Thanks.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.WhyisDorothygoingtoEurope?A.Toattendatrainingprogram.B.Tocarryoutsomeresearch.C.Totakeavacation.15.HowlongwillDorothystayinEurope?A.Afewdays. B.Twoweeks. C.Threemonths.16.WhatdoesBilloffertodoforDorothy?A.IntroduceherapartmenttoJim.B.Findanewapartmentforher.C.Takecareofherapartment.【答案】14.A15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:YoumustbeprettyexcitedaboutyourtriptoEurope,Dorothy.Whenareyouleaving?W:Injusttwoweeks,andIamexcited.I’vebeenlookingforwardtothistrainingprogramforalongtime.ButtherearestillafewthingsIneedtodobeforeIgo.M:Likewhat?W:LikerenewingmypassportandfiguringoutwhattodowithmyapartmentwhileI’mgone.M:Youarenotgoingtogiveitup,areyou?W:Noway!I’llneverfindanotherapartmentlikeitaroundhere.ButIdon’tliketheideaofpayingthreemonthsforanemptyapartment,either.So,I’mlookingforsomeonetotakeitwhileI’maway.M:Um,letmethink.Oh,Iknowjustaperson.Anoldcolleagueofmine,JimThomas.Heiscomingheretodosomeresearchthissummer,fromJunetoAugust.W:Well,that’sexactlywhenI’llbeaway!M:Tellyouwhat:I’llbecallingJimlatethisweekanyway,soI’llmentionittohim.W:Well,thanks,Bill.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whowouldliketomakesmalltalkaccordingtothespeaker?A.Relatives. B.Strangers. C.Visitors.18Whydopeoplehavesmalltalk?A.Toexpressopinions. B.Toavoidarguments. C.Toshowfriendliness.19.Whichofthefollowingisafrequenttopicinsmalltalk?A.Politics. B.Movies. C.Salaries.20.Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendattheendofhislecture?A.Askingopen-endedquestions.B.Feelingfreetochangetopics.C.Makingsmalltalkinteresting.【答案】17.B18.C19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Hello,everyone.TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutsmalltalk,thatis,shortconversationspeopleoftenhavewithstrangerstheymeet.Suchexchangesoccuratbusstops,onbuses,whilewaitinginline,almostanywherethatstrangersgatherclosetogether.Asamatteroffact,theseshortconversationsareagoodwayforpeopletosayhelloandexpressfriendliness.Suchconversationsusuallycoverawiderangeoftopics.Thetopicsmayincludeweather,customerservice,movies,TVshows,localsportsorlatestnews.Butyoushouldalwayskeepitinyourmindthatprivatequestionsaboutsalaries,familylife,religiousbeliefsandpoliticsshouldbeavoidedduringtheseconversations.Besides,it’sbettertoaskopen-endedquestions.Ifyouaskvisitors,“Doyoulikeourcity?”Theymaysaysimply,“Yes”.Ontheotherhand,ifyouask,“Whatdoyouthinkofourcity?”Theywillhavemorefreedominanswering.Thistypeofquestionalsoshowsthatyouareinterestedinthem.Ifyouappearinterestedinwhatpeoplearesaying,they’dfeelmorecomfortabletalkingwithyou.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ACrazyathome?Travelrestrictionslimityourwanderlust?Fornow，fromthesafelyofyourcouch,youcanstillexploretheworldwiththesetravel-inspiringfilms.TheBeachMayaBayIftherewaseveramoviethattellsaboutthesearchtofindyourownprivateparadise,thisisit.StarringLeonardoDiCaprio,TheBeachfollowsbackpackers'searchforahiddenmysteriousutopiainThailand.Ironically，MayaBayhasbecomesooverrunwithtouristssincethemoviewasfilmedthatitwasforcedtocloseuntil2021duetoenvironmentalconcerns.TracksTheOutback，AustraliaBasedonthetruestoryofonewoman'snearly2,000-milewalkaloneacrosstheWesternAustraliandesertwithjustherdogandcamels，thefilmspotlightsthevastOutback.You'llgetlostinthewildbeautyofthecountryasglimpsesofthesewonderssuchasUluruLostinTranslationTokyoThisclassicwonSofiaCoppolatheOscarforBestOriginalScreenplayandnumerousfansforitsquietbrilliancedescribingthelonelinessoftravel.Sufferingfromjetlagandcultureshock,twodriftingforeigners-BobMurrayandScarlettJohanssonbondoverdrinksattheParkHyattinthefascinatingup-all-nighworldofTokyo.TheSecretLifeofWalterMittyNuuk,GreenlandBenStillerdirectsandstarsinthisfilmadaptionofashortstoryaboutanunluckydreamerwholeadsasedentary(久坐不动的)lifeworkingforLifemagazine.Thatis,untilhegoesonawildadventuretrackingdownafilmnegativeforthelastissue.FromjumpingoutofahelicopterinGreenlandtospottingraresnowleopardsintheHimalayas，Mittyremindsusabouttherewardsofsteppingoutofourcomfortzone.21.Whichfilmisfromatruestory?ATheBeach. B.Tracks.C.LostinTranslation. D.TheSecretLifeofWalterMitty.22.WhatappealstotheaudiencemostinLostinTranslation?A.Itsfamousdirector.B.ThenaturalbeautyofTokyo.C.Itspresentationofloneliness.D.Thefriendshipoftwoforeigners.23.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.Science B.Entertainment C.Fashion D.Sports【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。文章介绍了几部旅行励志电影。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据影片Tracks的介绍中“Basedonthetruestoryofonewoman'snearly2,000-milewalkaloneacrosstheWesternAustraliandesertwithjustherdogandcamels（影片根据一名女子独自带着她的狗和骆驼穿越西澳大利亚沙漠近2000英里的真实故事改编）”可知，影片Tracks是取材于真实的故事。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据影片LostinTranslation的介绍中“Thisclassicwon…numerousfansforitsquietbrilliancedescribingthelonelinessoftravel.”可知，影片LostinTranslation因其展现了旅行中的孤独而吸引了众多观众。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段中“youcanstillexploretheworldwiththesetravel-inspiringfilms.（你仍然可以通过这些旅行励志电影来探索世界。）”可知，文章是介绍几部在家观看的旅行励志电影，应该是来自杂志的娱乐版面。故选B项。BAmandaSeyfrieddidn’tgrowupwithdogs.Withherbusyworkschedule,shedidn’tthinkshecouldtakecareofadog.Infact,shewasn’tlookingforafurryfriendatall.ButthenshemetFinn.Today,the34-year-oldactress,who’sknownforfilmsMammaMia,isadogownerandaspokeswomanatthewelfareorganizationBestFriendsAnimalSociety.“Ican’timaginemylifewithouthim,”Seyfriedsaysof6.5-year-oldAustralianshepherdFinn,whoisallowedonherU.S.set.Ifforsomereasonhecan’tjoinSeyfriedonlocation---likeonarecenttripwhenshetraveledfromFrancetoChina,Seyfriedrequestsfromherdogsittertwice—dailyvideosofhim.NowwithanewvideoforBestFriendsAnimalSociety,shecallsherselfFinn’s“stagemother.”SeyfriedandFinnshotan80s-themedvideoforthe9000StepsChallenge,whichasksanimalownerstowalk9,000stepswiththeirpetsontheninthdayofthemonthtoraiseawarenesstothefactthatmorethan9,000dogsandcatsareeuthanized(安乐死)inshelterseachdaybecausethere’snotenoughroom.Asforthevideoshoot,inwhichSeyfriedandFinnwalkedthe9,000steps---itwasmoreexhaustingthanalongwalk.SeyfriedwasFinn’strainerontheshoot.ShebelievesthatinsteadofbeingFinn’scp-star,she’llgobacktobeingBFFs.24.WhydidSeyfriedoriginallyrefuseapetdog?A.Shewasn’tnotyetaspokeswoman.B.Shewasn’tusedtobeingwithadog.C.Shewastoobusytocareforadog.D.Shehadnotenoughroomforadog.25.Whodoestheunderlinedword“him”inparagraph3referto?A.Finn. B.Seyfried.C.Thedogsitter. D.Finn’sbestfriend.26.WhydidSeyfriedshootthevideotogetherwithFinn?A.ToshowhowdeepshelovesFinn.B.TotrainFinntohavealongwalk.C.Totakepartinananimalcp-starshow.D.Tocallonpublicattentiontopets’life.27.Whichsectionofanewspaperisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.News B.LifeC.Education D.Sports【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了AmandaSeyfried在与她的牧羊犬Finn的共同生活中培养了深厚的感情，Seyfried和Finn拍摄了一个视频，以引起人们对宠物的关注。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Withherbusyworkschedule,shedidn’tthinkshecouldtakecareofadog.”可知，AmandaSeyfried认为自己工作繁忙，无法照顾狗。即AmandaSeyfried最初拒绝养宠物狗的原因是她太忙了，无法照顾狗。故选C。【25题详解】指代猜测题。根据第三段“Ican’timaginemylifewithouthim,”Seyfriedsaysof6.5-year-oldAustralianshepherdFinn,whoisallowedonherU.S.set.Ifforsomereasonhecan’tjoinSeyfriedonlocation---likeonarecenttripwhenshetraveledfromFrancetoChina,”可知，提到6.5岁的澳大利亚牧羊犬Finn.Seyfried说：“没有他，我无法想象我的生活。Seyfried在不能带着Finn出门旅行时，Seyfried每天要与Finn进行两次视频。因此划线词him指的是牧羊犬Finn。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“SeyfriedandFinnshotan80s-themedvideo,whichasksanimalownerstowalk9,000stepswiththeirpetsontheninthdayofthemonthtoraiseawarenesstothefactthatmorethan9,000dogsandcatsareeuthanized(安乐死)inshelterseachdaybecausethere’snotenoughroom.”可知，因为没有足够的空间，所以每天有9000多只猫和狗在动物收容所中被执行安乐死。Seyfried和Finn拍摄了一个视频，该视频要求动物主人在每月的第九天与宠物一起走9000步，以提高人们对宠物安乐死的认识，从而引起人们对宠物的关注。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了AmandaSeyfried在与她的澳大利亚牧羊犬Finn的共同生活中培养了深厚的感情，Seyfried和Finn拍摄了一个视频，该视频要求动物主人在每月的第九天与宠物一起走9000步，以提高人们对宠物安乐死的认识，从而引起人们对宠物的关注。文章的题材是有关于日常生活的，因此文章最有可能来自报纸的生活栏目。故选B。CAnewstudy,conductedbyBritishcompanyMindlabInternational,hasfoundthatlisteningtomusicatworkincreasesaccuracy(精确)andspeed,TheTelegraphreported.Perhaps,someparentsdisagreewiththisidea,saying,"Switchoffthemusicandconcentrate!"Well,ifthat'sthecasewithyourparents,youmightnowbeabletoconvincethemthatyouhavescienceonyourside.Thecompanygave26participants（参与者）aseriesofdifferenttasksforfivedaysinarow,includingspellchecking,mathematicalwordproblems,dataentry,andabstractreasoning.Theparticipantscompletedthesetaskswhilelisteningtomusicornomusicatall.Theresultsshowedthatwhilemusicwasplaying,88%ofparticipantsproducedtheirmostaccuratetestresultsand81%completedtheirfastestwork.DavidLewis,chairmanofMindlabInternational,toldTheTelegraph,"Musicisaverypowerfulmanagementtoolifyouwanttoincreasenotonlytheefficiencyofyourworkforcebutalsotheiremotionalstate...theyaregoingtobecomemorepositiveaboutthework."However,youmayhavealistofyourfavoritesongs,butnotallkindsofmusicmatchallhomework.Formathsorothersubjectsinvolvingnumbersorattentiontodetail,youshouldlistentoclassicalmusic,thestudyfound.Inthestudy,popmusicenabledparticipantstocompletetheirtasks58%fasterthanwhenlisteningtonomusicatall.IfyouarereviewingyourEnglishwriting,popmusicisthebestchoice,asitisthebestkindforspellchecking.Itcutmistakesby14%,comparedtolisteningtonomusic.Afterfinishingyourhomework,doyouoftentaketimetocheckyouranswers?Maybe,somedancemusicissuitableforyou.28.Whatdidtheparticipantshavetodointhestudy？A.Persuadetheirparentstolistentomusic.B.Doaseriesofworkwithoutrestorpause.C.Completefivetasksinfivedayswithouthelp.D.Finishtaskswithmusicorwithoutmusicatall.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inPara4referto？A.Results. B.Tools.C.Participants. D.Tests.30.WhenyoureviewyourEnglishwriting,whatkindofmusicshouldyoulistento？A.Classicalmusic. B.Dancemusic.C.Popmusic. D.Rockmusic.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MusicHelpsUstoLearnB.WeCan’tLiveWithoutMusicC.NotAllMusicSuitsYouD.ListentoDifferentMusic【答案】28.D29.C30.C31.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章告诉人们：新的研究表明，听音乐可以提高工作的效率和准确性。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Theparticipantscompletedthesetaskswhilelisteningtomusicornomusicatall.可知，参与者分为带有音乐或没有音乐完成任务。故选D。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段Theresultsshowedthatwhilemusicwasplaying,88%ofparticipantsproducedtheirmostaccuratetestresultsand81%completedtheirfastestwork.和最后一句theyaregoingtobecomemorepositiveaboutthework.可知，这里的them指代前面的participants，即参与者。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段IfyouarereviewingyourEnglishwriting,popmusicisthebestchoice,asitisthebestkindforspellchecking.可知，背英语时听流行音乐是最好的选择。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Anewstudy,conductedbyBritishcompanyMindlabInternational,hasfoundthatlisteningtomusicatworkincreasesaccuracy(精确)andspeed,TheTelegraphreported.和全文内容可知，新的研究表明，听音乐可以提高工作的效率和准确性，从而帮助我们的工作学习。故选A。DInmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthrelied(依赖)onhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuit(追求)ofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However，whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Among

themostvocal

areyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople.Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:“Imayhavelost.butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.“Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(缓解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.32.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.OpinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeopleC.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition33.Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?A.Itpushessocietyforward. B.Itbuildsupasenseofduty.C.Itimprovespersonalabilities D.Itencouragesindividualefforts34.Theunderlinedphrase“themostvocal”inParagraph3means.A.thosewhotrytheirbesttowinB.thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighlyC.thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststronglyD.thosewhorelyonothersmostforsuccess35.Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?A.Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.B.Competitionshouldbeencouraged.C.Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.D.Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同的观点。【32题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.”及全文内容可知，对于竞争，不同的人有不同的观点。故B正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二行“Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity(一些人非常重视它，认为它是社会进步和繁荣的原因)”可知，它推动社会向前发展。故A正确。【34题详解】词义猜测题。根据本句“youngsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.(承受来自父母或社会竞争压力年轻人。)”可猜测themostvocal就是指那些遭受巨大竞争压力的人，他们反对竞争，故C正确。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot说明这些人害怕失败，害怕竞争。所有才会有各种各样的逃避竞争的现象，所以我们要把对失败的恐惧从竞争中去除掉。故D正确。【点睛】本文主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同的观点。有人认为竞争有利于社会进步，有人则认为竞争让人与人之间的关系变得紧张。集中考查了推理题，做此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。ManypeoplethinkthatEnglishwritingisdifficult.____36____Herearesomegreatwritingtipsthatwillhelpyouimproveyourwritinginashorttime.Don’tramble(长篇大论).Thisisaverycommonmistakemadebypeoplewhohavepoorwritingskills.Whentheyramble,theyarenotpayingattentiontogrammar.Asaresult,theirsentencesbecomeverylong.____37____Ifyouknowyouhavepoorgrammar,useshortsentences.____38____Thinkabouteachsentencecarefullytomakesurethatitiscorrectbeforemovingon.It’sbettertowriteashortpassagethatiseasytoreadandmistake-freethantowritealongarticlethatisfilledwithgrammarmistakes.Increaseyourvocabulary.Ifyoudon’thavealargevocabulary,youwillfinditdifficulttowriteasyoucan’tfindrightwordstoexpressyourselfclearly.Thesolution(解决办法)tothisproblemistoincreaseyourvocabulary.____39____Youcandothisbyreadingthelocalnewspapersdaily,borrowingbooksfromthelibraryorwatchingEnglishprograms.Don’twritewhenyouaretired.Tirednesscanleadtonothingtowrite.Ifyoufindyourselflookingatablankpieceofpaperwithnothingtowrite,don’tjustsitthere!Takeawalkorawarmshower,orsimplyliedowntogetsomerest.____40____You’llfindthatyou’llenjoyyourwritingalotmoreandmakefewermistakes!A.Findoutthemistakesyou’vemade.B.Makesureyoursentencesarecorrect.C.Youcanpickupnewwordsalmostanywhere.D.Writewhatinterestsyoumostinthebeginning.E.Asaresult,theymaygiveupaftertryinghardforawhile.F.Thelongerthesentencesare,themoremistakesthey’llmake.G.Whenyourmindisrelaxed,youshouldgobacktoyourwriting.【答案】36.E37.F38.B39.C40.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了能够在短时间内帮助提高写作的几个写作技巧。【36题详解】过渡句。上文中提到了很多人认为英语写作很难，下文提到要介绍几个技巧，再结合所给选项，可知E“结果，他们努力一段时间后就可能放弃了”衔接最好，故选E。【37题详解】过渡句。结合上文的theirsentencesbecomeverylong（他们的句子变得很长）和下文的Ifyouknowyouhavepoorgrammar,useshortsentences.（如果你知道你的语法不好，就使用短句子）可知，F“你写的句子越长，语法错误就有可能越多。”衔接最好，故选F。【38题详解】主题句。本段主要讲述了要力争写出准确的句子，为了避免错误，文章要写的短小准确，由此可推测出本段的主题句为B“确保你的句子是正确的”，故选B。【39题详解】推断句。结合上文及下文的Youcandothisbyreadingthelocalnewspapersdaily,borrowingbooksfromthelibraryorwatchingEnglishprograms.可推断出，此处要表达：在任何地方都能学到词汇，而C正是此意，故选C。【40题详解】推断句。根据上文提到，疲劳的时候写作容易犯错，或写不出来，这个时候出去散散步，洗个热水澡或躺下来休息一下，由此可推测出，放轻松就容易写出文章来，而G“当你的思想放松时，你应该回到你的写作”与上文衔接很好，故选G。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JackwasanAmericansoldier.Onedayafterheretired,hefoundhimself____41____andthenwastoldbythedoctorthathiskidneys(肾)werebroken.Jack,whowasalready69yearsold,___42___starteddialysis(化疗),whichdidn’tworkwell.Thedoctorsaidthetransplant(移植)wasagoodchoice.However,afterseveralmonths’searching,nosuitable___43___wasfound.Jackwasso___44___that,inearly2018,heeven___45___notattendingaget-togetherpartywithsomesoldierswhohehadn’tseenformanyyearsinMonterey,California.Finally,withhiswifeShirley’s___46___,hedecidedtogo,andthatturnedouttobealife-changingInCalifornia,Jack___48___withsixfellowsoldiers,includingonehehadn’tseeninnearly50years,Danny.Jacktoldthemabouthis___49___.“Iaskedhimwhathisbloodtypeis,andit___50___tobemine,”saysDanny.“Iwasimmediatelythinking,gosh.Imightbeableto___51___.”Danny,then70,washealthyandenergetic.___52___,whenhetoldShirleythathewantedtodonateakidneytoherhusband,sheworriedthathemightbetoo___53___.ButDannyreallywantedtohelpand___54___tohaveatry.Hesenthis___55___recordstowhereJackwastreatedandsoon,hewasaskedtotakeaseriesofphysicalexaminations.___56___,theresultshowedthathewasaperfectmatch.ThedoctorsgavehimtheOKto___57___,andthesurgery(外科手术)wasasuccess.“It'sprettyamazingtobeabletotakea(n)___58___organ(器官)outofoneperson'sbody,putitinanotherperson'sbody,andhaveit___59___,”Dannysays.“Andthere'snothing___60___thanhelpinganotherpersonliveabetterlife.”41.A.depressed B.nervous C.tired D.upset42.A.suddenly B.immediately C.happily D.simply43.A.doctor B.hospital C.plan D.match44.A.stubborn B.angry C.confused D.discouraged45.A.considered B.regretted C.forgot D.suggested46.A.permission B.revolution C.invitation D.encouragement47.A.support B.decision C.get-together D.success48.A.reunited B.cooperated C.connected D.discussed49.A.idea B.achievement C.situation D.ambition50.A.tends B.needs C.seems D.happens51.A.come B.help C.change D.participate52.A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Meanwhile53.A.old B.far C.thin D.kind54.A.refused B.promised C.responded D.determined55.A.medical B.military C.service D.consuming56.A.Hopefully B.Luckily C.Obviously D.Honestly57.A.remove B.admit C.donate D.return58.A.living B.precious C.extra D.special59.A.grow B.work C.pause D.move60.A.stranger B.funnier C.better D.harder【答案】41.C42.B43.D44.D45.A46.D47.B48.A49.C50.D51.B52.C53.A54.D55.A56.B57.C58.A59.B60.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了退伍的老兵Jack需要接受肾脏移植手术却苦苦找不到合适的供体，在他参加一次老战友聚会时意外地发现了生机，70岁的老战友Danny了解到他们血型相同后，毅然决定了要把肾捐给Jack，手术最终获得了成功。

41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：退休后的一天，他发现自己很累，然后医生告诉他，他的肾脏破裂了。A.depressed沮丧的；B.nervous紧张不安的；C.tired疲惫的；D.upset心烦的。从并列句句意中医生告诉他肾脏有问题来推断，应该是突然感到身体不适、很疲惫。故选C项。

【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时已经69岁的杰克立即开始化疗，但效果并不好。A.suddenly突然地；B.immediately立刻；C.happily快乐地；D.simply简单地。根据上文内容可知既然查出来肾脏有问题，以及下一句“Thedoctorsaidthetransplant(移植)wasagoodchoice.(医生说移植是个不错的选择。)”可知，Jack马上开始接受治疗。故选B项。

【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而几个月的搜寻过后，仍然没有找到匹配的供体。A.doctor医生；B.hospital医院；C.plan计划；D.match匹配。结合常识可知，器官移植需要找到合适的供体，即要求能够匹配。结合下文“theresultshowedthathewasaperfectmatch.(结果表明他是一个完美的供体)”可知，match表示“匹配的供体”，故选D项。

【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2018年初，杰克非常沮丧，他甚至考虑不参加与一些多年未见的士兵在加利福尼亚州蒙特雷举行的聚会。A.stubborn固执的；B.angry生气的；C.confused迷惑的；D.discouraged泄气的，沮丧。Jack找不到合适的供体，病情得不到好转，再结合“他不考虑参加聚会”，可以推断他的心情是比较低落的。故选D项。

【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年初，杰克非常沮丧，他甚至考虑不参加与一些多年未见的士兵在加利福尼亚州蒙特雷举行的聚会。A.considered考虑；B.regretted后悔；C.forgot忘记；D.suggested建议。根据Jim的现状和沮丧的心情，他对于参加战友重聚应该是提不起兴趣的，所以是他不考虑去参加聚会。故选A项。

【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，在妻子雪莉的鼓励下，他决定去，而这最终成为了一个改变人生的决定。A.permission允许；B.revolution改革；C.invitation邀请；D.encouragement鼓励。从下文中可知Shirley就是Jack的妻子，本来他是不考虑去的，后来改变了主意，可见是由于妻子的鼓励。故选D项。

【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，在妻子雪莉的鼓励下，他决定去，而这最终成为了一个改变人生的决定。A.support支持；B.decision决定；C.get-together重聚；D.success成功。Jack决定去参加聚会，这里与前句的decide对应，就指Jack要去参加战友聚会的决定。故选B项。

【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在加州，杰克与