分布式温度传感器外文文献翻译

分布式温度传感器外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：英文原文DistributedTemperatureSensorChristopherWalker1.Sensorintroduction1.1TemperaturesensorbackgroundInthehumanlivingenvironment,temperatureplayinganextremelyimportantrole。Nomatterwhereyoulive,engagedinanywork,ever-presentdealtwithtemperatureunder.Sincethe18thcentury,industrysincetheindustrialrevolutiontowhethercanmastersendexhibitionhastheabsolutetemperaturetouch.Inmetallurgy,steel,petrochemical,cement,glass,medicineindustryandsoon,cansayalmosteightypercentofindustrialdepartmentshavetoconsiderthefactorswithtemperature.Temperatureforindustrialsoimportant,thuspromotingthedevelopmentofthetemperaturesensor.1.2TemperaturesensordevelopmentMajorgeneralthroughthreesensordevelopmentphase:analogintegratedtemperaturesensor.Thesensoristakenwithsiliconsemiconductorintegratedworkmanship,thereforealsocalledsiliconsensorormonolithicintegratedtemperaturesensor.Suchsensinginstrumentshavesinglefunction(onlymeasuringtemperature),temperaturemeasurementerrorissmaller,pricelow,fastresponse,thetransmissiondistance,smallvolume,micro-consumptionelectronicetc,suitableforlongdistancemeasurementtemperature,temperaturecontrol,donotneedtoundertakenonlinearcalibration,peripheralcircuitissimple.Itiscurrentlythemostcommonapplicationathomeandabroad,anintegratedsensor。TypicalproductshaveAD590AD592,TMP17,LM135,etc.jAnalogintegratedtemperaturecontroller.Analogintegratedtemperaturecontrollermainlyincludetemperaturecontrolswitch,programmabletemperaturecontroller,atypicalproducthaveLM56,AD22105andMAX6509.Someincreasestrengthtypeintegratedtemperaturecontroller(forexampleTC652/653)alsocontainstheA/Dconverterandcuregoodsequence,thisprocesswiththeintelligenttemperaturesensorsomesimilarities.Butitisnotitssystem,workbymicroprocessingdevicecontrol,thisisthemaindifferencebetween.Intelligenttemperaturesensor.intelligenttemperaturesensor(alsocalleddigitaltemperaturedegreessensor)isinthemid1990slaunch.Itismicroelectronicstechnology,computertechnologyandthedynamictestingtechnology(ATE)crystallization.Intelligenttemperaturesensorinternalcontaintemperaturesensor,A/Dconverter,signalprocessor,memory(orregisters)andinterfacecircuit.Someproductsstilltakemultiplexer,centralcontrolsystemdevice(CPU),randomaccessmemory(RAM)andreadonlymemory(ROM).Intelligenttemperaturesensorischaracteristicoftemperaturedataandrelevantcanoutputthetemperaturecontrolofthequantity,adaptationvariousmicrocontroller(MCU);1.3SinglepointandmoretemperaturesensorThedevelopmenttrendofthetemperaturesensor.Inthe21stcentury,thetemperaturesensorisheadedinhighprecision,multi-function,bus,standardization,highreliabilityandsafety,developmentofvirtualsensorandnetworksensor,researchmonolithictemperaturemeasuringsystemandotherhigh-techdirectiondeveloprapidly.Sensorsintheapplicationtemperaturecontrollingsystem.Currentmarketexistsmainlysinglepointandmoretwotemperaturemeasurement.Forsinglepointtemperaturefoundmentinstrument,mainlyadoptsthetraditionalanalogintegratedtemperaturesensor,whichheatresistance,thermocouplesensorsmeasuringaccuracy,highmeasurementrange,andgotthegeneralapplication.Thisproductistemperaturemeasuringrange℃~200mostlybetween800℃,resolution12th,andleastdistinguishabletemperaturein0.001~0.01between.CabinLEDdisplaymodule,showsrangingfrom4to16.Someinstrumentsalsohasmemoryfunction,canstoreseveralhundredtoafewthousandsetsofdata.2.Thesystemrealizedandrelatedtechnologies2.1ThesystemisrealizedBythewholecontrolsystemforcoreAT89C51,usingfourwaysoftemperaturesensorDS18B20inproductionsitefordistributionareaoffourdifferenttemperaturemeasurementresultwiththechipchecking,collationstoreanddisplay,andthroughthebuttoncontrol,temperaturewillprocessaftertheLEDdigitaldisplaytocomeout,andthesoftwareassurancesystemanti-interferencecapacity.ConnectedtoMCUrespectively,thisschemefourIOmouthoccupyMCUfourIOthough,butthemicrocontrollerIOmouthundertheconditionofmouthnotshortagebythisschemegreatlysimplifyprogrammingdifficulty,shortenthedesigncycle,alsocanguaranteethestabilityofthesystem.Amultipointconnectionasshown.2.2AT89C51ChipintroductionAT89C51isa4KbytesFLASHMemory(ErasableProgrammableandFPEROM-FLASHforthecampaignswith)lowvoltage,high-performanceCMOSeightmicroprocessors,commonlyknownasthemicrocontroller.AT89C2051isa2Kbyteswithflashmemorycanbeerasedprogrammableread-onlymemory,SCMcaneraseread-onlymemorycanberepeatederased1000times.ThisdeviceadoptsATMELhigh-densitynon-volatilememorymanufacturingtechnologymanufacturing,andindustrialstandardMCS-51instructionsetandoutputtubecompatible.Duetothemultifunctional8bitsCPUandwillbeflashingonsinglechipcombinationofmemory,ATMELAT89C51isakindofhighefficientmicrocontroller,AT89C2051isastreamlinedversion.AT89C51microcontrollerasmanyembeddedcontrolsystem.P0Mouth:P0mouthaeightleakleveltwo-wayI/Omouthopen,everyfootcanabsorb8TTLgatecurrent.WhenthepipemouthP0feetfirstwrite1,definedashighresistanceinput.P0canbeusedforexternalprogramdatastorage,itcanbedefinedastheeighthdata/address.InFIASHprogramming,P0mouthasthesource-codeinputport,whenFIASHcheck,thesource-codeP0output,whenP0externalmustbepulled.P1mouth:mouthisaninternalP1providepull-upresistors8-bittwo-wayI/Omouth,P1mouthbuffercanreceive4TTLgatecurrentoutput.P1mouthtubefeet,wasthenwrite1forhigh,pullupinsidecanbeusedasinput,P1mouthbeexternalpulldownforlowelectricityatordinarytimes,willoutputcurrent,thisisduetointernalpullupsake.InFLASHprogrammingandcalibration,P1mouthaseighthaddresstoreceive.P2mouth:foraninternalP2mouthonthe8-bitpull-upresistorstwo-wayI/Oport,P2mouthtoreceive,theoutputbuffer4TTLgatecurrent,whenP2mouthiswritten"1",itstubefeetareinternalpull-upresistors,andpushasinput.Andsoastheinput,P2mouthfeetareexternaldowntube,willoutputcurrent.Thisisduetointernalpullupsake.P2mouthwhenusedexternalprogrammemoryor16addressexternaldatamemoryaccess,P2mouthhighoutputaddresseight.Inagivenaddress"1",itusinginternalandexternal8addressadvantage,whenforreadingandwritingdatamemory,P2whenthespecialfunctionregistersmouthoutputofcontent.P2mouthinFLASHprogrammingandthecalibrationeightaddresswhenreceivinghighsignalandcontrolsignals.P3mouth:P3mouthpipeis8feetwithinternalpull-upresistorstwo-wayI/Oport,mayreceivefourTTLgatecurrentoutput.WhenP3mouthwriting"1",theyareinternalandhighlevel,andusedasinput.Asinput,duetoexternaldrop-downforlowlevel,P3mouthwilloutputcurrent(ILL)thisisduetopullup'ssake.RST:resetinput.WhenoscillatorresetdevicetokeepRSTfeethighleveltwomachinecycletime.ALE/PROG:whenaccessexternalstorage,addresslatchallowstheoutputlevelofthepositionforlatchaddressbyte.DuringtheFLASHprogramming,thispinforinputprogrammingpulse.Inpeacetime,theALEwithaconstantfrequencycycleoutputisthepulsesignal,thefrequenciesofthe1/6oscillatorfrequency.Soitcanbeusedagainstexternaloutputpulseorusedfortimingpurpose.Howeveritis:wheneverusedforexternaldatastorage,willskipaALEpulse.IfyouwanttobantheALEoutputcanbeinSFR8EHaddressfor0.Atthistime,onlybyperformingtheALEMOVX,MOVCinstructionisALEtotakeeffect.Inaddition,thepinswereslightlyup.IfmicroprocessorinexternalexecutionALE,buyabanisinvalid./PSEN:externalprogrammemorychoiceofcommunicationnumber.Byexternalprogrammemoryinduringtheinstructionfetch,eachmachinecycletwice/PSENeffective.Butonavisittoexternaldatastorage,thetwoeffective/PSENsignalswillnotappear./EA/VPP:when/EAkeeplowlevelsinthisperiod,theexternalprogrammemory(0000H-FFFFH),whetherhaveinternalprogrammemory.Noteencryptionmethod1,/EAwillRESETforinternalfocus;3ConclusionsDiscretezonesofgroundwaterdischargeinastreamwithinapeat-dominatedwetlandwereidentifiedonthebasisofvariationsinstreambedtemperatureusingadistributedtemperaturesensor(DTS).DuringSeptember,groundwaterinnorthernWisconsinis5
–16
coolerthansurfacewater,creatingthenecessarycontrastrequiredwhenusingtheDTSsothatthetemperaturedifferencecanbeusedasanaturaltracerforidentifyinggroundwaterdischargetothestream.TheDTSgivesarelativelycomprehensiveviewofthestreamreachthroughaccuratemeasurementsofthespatialandtemporalvariationofstreambedtemperatureoveramuchlargerreachofstreamthancanbeobtainedusingseepagemeters,temperatureprobes,orthermocouples.DTStechnologyhasseverallimitationsrelatedtobothinstallationandenvironmentalfactors.Caremustbetakenduringfieldemplacementtoensurethefiber-opticcableisplacedataconsistentdepthbelowthesedimentwaterinterface.Artifactsofvariationsincableplacementcouldbeobservedinthetemperaturerecordifthecableisnotbelowthesediment-waterinterface.Animalactivitycanalsoimpactfieldstudies,causingbreaksalongthefiberopticcable.Inthisresearch,animalactivityreducedthelengthofthefiber-opticcablefrom1300(Figure2)to650m(Figure5).Placingthefiber-opticcablewithinaprotectiveconduitextendedthelifeofthecable.ItisalsoimportantthattheDTSbedeployedduringthosetimesoftheyearand/ordaywhenthereisalargedifferencebetweenstreamandgroundwatertemperatures.[23]IsolatedtemperatureanomaliesobservedalongAllquashCreekcorrespondtofocusedgroundwaterdischargezones,likelycausedbysoilpipeswithinthepeat.Ahole,consistentwiththepresenceofasoilpipe,wasobservedwithinthestreambedofAllquashCreek,anditslocationcorrespondedtoatemperatureanomalyalongtheDTSprofileaswellasstrongdischargemeasuredinaseepagemeter.TheDTSalsorecordedvariationsinthenumberoftemperatureanomaliesperunitlengthofstream,whichcorrelatedwithachangefromagainingtoalosingreach.[24]FocusedzonesofgroundwaterdischargeinAllequashCreekshowednochangeinpositionoversuccessivemeasurementperiodsonthebasisofananalysisofthestandarddeviationoftemperaturethroughtime.Thesteadypositionofthesezonesimpliesrelativelystablegroundwaterflowlocationswithinthepeatoverthetimescaleinvestigated.However,locatingtheexactlocationofdischargezoneswithstandardseepagemeterinvestigationsinwetlandstreamsunderlaidbypeatcanbeproblematic;indeed,atthisstudysiteitwouldbeexceedinglylabor-intensivetofindhydrologicallyactivelocationsinthestreamwithouttheDTS.TheDTSmeasurementsallowedustotargetspecificlocationsinthestreambedforfieldinvestigationsusingseepagemeters.Seepagemetermeasurementsshowedatwoordersofmagnitudedifferenceingroundwaterfluxtothestreambetweenfocusedanddiffusedischargezones.However,evenwitha1-maveragedDTSmeasurement,additionalfieldcharacterizationwasrequiredtoaccuratelylocatethedischargezone.中文译文分布式温度传感器作者：克里斯托弗·沃克1.传感器介绍1.1温度传感器背景在人类的生活环境中，气温起着极其重要的作用，无论你住在哪里，从事任何工作，永远处在温度下。18世纪以来，工业革命以来工业革命对于高手发展是否有绝对的温度触动。在冶金，钢铁，石化，水泥，玻璃，医药等行业中，几乎有百分之八十的工业部门需要考虑温度的因素。对于工业温度如此重要，从而推动了温度传感器的发展。1.2温度传感器的开发少将通过三个传感器开发阶段：模拟集成温度传感器。该传感器采用硅半导体集成工艺制造，因此也被称为硅传感器或单片集成温度传感器。这类传感仪器具有单功能（只测量温度），测温误差较小，价格较低，响应速度快，传输距离远，体积小，微电子消耗等优点，适用于长距离测温，温控，不需要进行非线性校准，外围电路简单。它是目前国内外最常见的应用集成传感器，典型产品有AD590，AD592，TMP17，LM135等.Analog集成温度控制器。模拟集成温度控制器主要包括温度控制开关，可编程温度控制器，典型产品有LM56，AD22105和MAX6509。有些增加强度型集成温度控制器（例如TC652/653）还包含A/D转换器和固化好序列，这个过程与智能温度传感器有一些相似之处。但它不是它的系统，工作由微处理器控制，这是主要的区别。智能温度传感器。智能温度传感器（也称为数字温度传感器）是在20世纪90年代中期发射的。它是微电子技术，计算机技术和动态测试技术（ATE）的结晶。智能温度传感器内部包含温度传感器，A/D转换器，信号处理器，存储器（或寄存器）和接口电路。有些产品还采用多路复用器，中央控制系统设备（CPU），随机存取存储器（RAM）和只读存储器（ROM）。智能温度传感器具有温度数据特性和相关可输出量的温度控制，适应各种微控制器（MCU）;1.3单点和多点温度传感器温度传感器的发展趋势。进入21世纪，温度传感器向高精度，多功能，总线，标准化，高可靠性和安全性方向发展，虚拟传感器和网络传感器的发展，单片温度测量系统等高科技方向的研究迅速发展。应用温度控制系统中的传感器。目前市场主要存在单点和多点两种温度测量。对于单点温度基准仪，主要采用传统的模拟集成温度传感器，其热阻，热电偶传感器测量精度高，测量范围大，得到了广泛的应用。本产品温度测量范围℃〜200℃，大多在800℃之间，分辨率12℃，且最小辨别温度在0.001〜0.01℃之间。机舱LED显示模块，显示范围从42.系统实现和相关技术2.1系统实现通过核心AT89C51的整个控制系统，在生产现场使用四路温度传感器DS18B20为四个不同温度测量结果的分配区域进行芯片检查，整理存储和显示，并通过按钮控制，温度将在LED之后进行处理数字显示器出来了，软件保证系统的抗干扰能力。该方案分别与MCU相连，该方案四个IO口虽然占用MCU四个IO，但由于该方案在口下条件下的微控制器IO口大大简化了编程难度，缩短了设计周期，也能保证系统的稳定性。如图所示的多点连接。2.2AT89C51芯片介绍AT89C51是一款4K字节的FLASH存储器（可擦除可编程和FPEROM-FLASH，用于广告系列）低电压，高性能CMOS八位微处理器，俗称微控制器。AT89C2051是一个2K字节的带闪存的可擦除可编程只读存储器，单片机可以擦除只读存储器，可以反复擦除1000次。该器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失性存储器制造技术制造，并与工业标准MCS-51指令集和输出管兼容。由于多功能8位CPU，并且将在单芯片组合内存上闪烁，ATMELAT89C51是一种高效微控制器，AT89C2051是一款精简版。AT89C51微控制器作为许多嵌入式控制系统。P0口：P0口一个八泄漏双向I/O口，每一脚可吸收8TTL门电流。当管口P0脚先写1时，定义为高阻输入。P0可用于外部程序数据存储，它可以定义为第8个数据/地址。在FIASH编程中，P0口作为源码输入口，当FIASH检查时，源码P0输出，P0外部必须被拉。P1口：口是内部P1提供上拉电阻8位双向I/O口，P1口缓冲器可接收4TTL门电流输出。P1口管脚，然后写入1为高电平，内部上拉可用作输入，平时P1口为低电平外部拉低，会输出电流，这是由于内部上拉缘故。在FLASH编程和校准时，P1口作为第八个