考研英语（一）第二部分阅读理解（下）

考研英语（一）第二部分阅读理解（下）

（江南博哥）

材料题

根据以下材料，回答126-130题

WhenApplelaunchesitsnewsoftwareupdatefortheiPhoneonWednesday,users

willbeofferedthechancetosurfthemobileWebwithoutannoyingadsclutteringup

theirscreen.ButApple'ssupportforad-blockingtechnologyisringingalarmbellson

MadisonAvenue,wherecriticswarnitthreatensnotonlythelifebloodoftheir

business—butalsotheeconomicunderpinningsofthefreeInternet."Wedon'tthink

adblockingisright",ScottCunningham,seniorvicepresidentoftheInteractive

AdvertisingBureau,toldThePost.

TheriseofadblockersisoneofthebiggestseachangestoaffecttheInternetad

businessindecades,Cunninghamsaid.Foryears,publishershavemadewhatthey

believeisafairtrade-offwithreaders."Advertisingistheeconomicenginethatdrives

thefreeInternet/'Cunninghamsaid."Therealityisthelast20yearshaveseenpeople

developingcontentonlinefordistribution,andconsumershaveoptedinforthatfree

content."Whileuseofad-blockingtechnologyondesktopcomputersandmobile

deviceshasbeenontherise,Apple'scommitmenttoitisagamechanger.WithiOS9,

developerswillbeabletocreatead-blockingsoftwareforApple'sSafarimobile

browser.

Apple'sgoalappearstobemakingthemobileWebafaster,cleanerandmore

pleasantall-aroundexperience.Butitcouldalsohavetheeffectofpushingpublishers

offthemobileWebandtowardsubscriptionservicesandpaidapps,whichisanarea

dominatedbyApple.AlreadysomeWebpublishersandcontentprovidersareturning

awayconsumerswhoavailthemselvesofad-bustingtechnologies.Huluisrejecting

customerswhouseadblockers,whiletheWashingtonPostblocksconsumersfrom

readingitssiteifitdetectsanadblocker—andredirectsthemtosubscriptionpages.

WhateverApple'snewad-freevisionis,executivesacrossMadisonAvenueare

scramblingtofigureouttheramifications."ThefreeInternetisgoingtohaveamajor

problem,andthat'saconcernforallofus",SteveCarbone,theheadofdigitalat

MediaCom,toldThePost,"It'sahugeissue."MediaComispartofmedia-buying

giantGroupM,whichispreparingtoupdateclientsonwhatitmeansforthem.

PageFair,acompanythatdetectsadblockers,estimatesthereare198millionusersof

adblockersworldwide,including45millionintheUS—andit'sgrowing.The

technologyisparticularlyconcentratedforusersofgamingandtechsitesandamong

millennialswhoadvertisersmostwanttoreach.Globalmobile-advertisingspendingis

predictedtohit$100billionin2016,accordingtoeMarketer.

SomeWebpublishersareworkingontechnologythatskirtsadblockersandservesup

advertisingregardless.ThathassomeonMadisonAvenueworriedthatconsumerswill

blametheirclientsforoverridingtechnologyratherthanthepublishers."!can'tstop

theprogressionoftechnology",MediaCom'sCarbonesaid,"Icanonlyadapttoit."

126［单选题］OpponentsofApple'snewsoftwareclaimthatthis

technologywill

A.underminethecurrentchargingmodeofInternet.

B.breakthebalancebetweenadvertisementandpayment.

C.slashthecompetenceofApple'ssoftwaredevelopment.

0.declinethevibrancyofthewholeInternetbusiness.

正确答案：A

参考解析：criticswarnitthreatensnotonlythelifebloodoftheirbusiness

—butalsotheeconomicunderpinningsofthefreeInternet批评者认为对

广告的拦截会威胁到广告业的商业命脉，还会损害互联网免费的经济基础。A

"破坏当前的互联网收费模式"正确。

127［单选题］Whatdoestheword"trade-off"meaninthepassage?

A.Sacrificingthemarketfortheprogressofad-blockingtechnology.

B.TradingtheuserexperiencewiththefreeInternetbusiness.

C.PermittingadvertisementinexchangeforfreeInternetsurfing.

0.Allowingconsumer'sparticipationforfreeonlinecontent.

正确答案：C

参考解析：publishershavemadewhattheybelieveisafairtrade-offwith

readers."Advertisingistheeconomicenginethatdrivesthefree

Internet,"出版商和读者之间已达成一致，出版商以广告推动免费互联网的发展,

而消费者则可以免费获取网络信息.所以trade-off的内容就是允许广告的存

在以换取使用网络的免费。C正确。

128摩选初Accordingtothepassage,Appleexcelsin

A.softwaredetection.

B.chargingservices.

C.screeningadvertisement.

0.technologycreation.

正确答案：B

参考解析：Apple'sgoalappearstobemakingthemobileWebafaster,

cleanerandmorepleasantall-aroundexperience.Butitcouldalsohave

theeffectofpushingpublishersoffthemobileWebandtoward

subscriptionservicesandpaidapps,whichisanareadominatedbyApple.

苹果公司的做法会促使出版社从移动网络转向订阅服务和付费应用，而这一领域

则是由苹果公司统治。B正确。

129［单选题］'hosewhommarketersaremosteagertoapproachare

A.ad-blockingsupporters.

B.technologyfollowers.

C.ad-freeobjectors.

0.youngsters.

正确答案：D

参考解析：Thetechnologyisparticularlyconcentratedforusersofgaming

andtechsitesandamongmillennialswhoadvertisersmostwanttoreach.

大多是游戏和科技网站的用户，还有广告商最渴望触及的千禧一代，因此市场最

渴望接触的是千禧一代。D正确。

130［单选题］\odealwithadblockers,Webpublishersarenow

A.sidesteppingad-blockingtechnology.

B.changingthemselvestosurvive.

C.protestingApple'snewpractice.

0.turningtoconsumersforhelp.

正确答案：B

参考解析：SomeWebpublishersareworkingontechnologythatskirtsad

blockersandservesupadvertisingregardless.面对广告拦截技术，出版社的

反应式开发出规避广告拦截软件发布广告的技术，最后又提到了出版商代表的卡

蓬的观点：我只能去适应它。所以出版商的做法是改变自己，适应趋势以生存，

B正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答131-135题

PhysiologyhasbeentaughtinBritishmedicalschoolsforacenturyandahalf,but

sinceabout1990,physiologyteachingformedicalstudentshasbeencutbymore

thanfiftypercent.Duringthistime,medicalstudentnumbershavedoubled.This

bloatinginnumbershasoutgrownthecapacityofstaffandspaceavailabletoteach

andaccommodatethemappropriately.Consequently,practicalphysiologytraininghas

beenvirtuallyeliminated.

Physiologystudiestherelationshipsbetweenlivingstatesatalllevelsofbiological

organization,frommoleculestoorgansystems.ltisthekeytounderstandingorgan

functionanddysfunction.Someviewphysiologyasanold-fashionedandmechanical

approachtosciencerootedinaphilosophyantagonistictothestatistical

methodologiesadoptedbyclinicalscience,suchasepidemiologyandhuman

populationgenetics.Butinfactthisviewisbaseless；physiologyhaslongsince

rejecteditshistoricaldistrustofstatisticalevidenceandenthusiasticallyembraces

newmethods,abstractmoleculargenetics,whichshedlightonbiologicalprocesses.

ProblemBasedLearning(PBL),importedfromNorthAmericawaswidelyadoptedin

variousguisesthroughouttheUKmedicalschoolsduringthe1990s.Itavowedlyaims

toencourageself-directedlearningandtoerasetheartificialbarriersbetween

theologiesbypromotinganintegratedor"holistic"approachtomedicine.ltwasalso

seenasameansofshiftingtheincreasedteachingloadawayfromactiveresearchers

tonon-specialist"facilitating"staff.Butitsadoptionhasmeantacomprehensiveloss

ofautonomyofthebiologicalscientistswhohaveparticipatedinthis

venture.Cliniciansnowtakealeadingroleinpre-clinicalteaching,largelydisplacing

pre-clinicalscientistswhoaremoreintouchwithbasicphysiological

processes.Scientificcontenttaughtinthecontextofclinicalproblemsomitsmuch

basicscience,whichisregardedasinessentialdigressionfromtheclinicalproblems

uponwhichthecourseiscentered.PBLismuchmoreappropriatelysuitedtomedical

teachinginNorthAmerica,whereeverymedicalstudenthasstudiedbiological

sciencesatcollegelevelpriortoenteringmedicalschool.UndergraduateBritish

medicalstudentsonlyrarelyhaveequivalentexperience,sorealisticallycanonlybe

expectedtointegrateknowledgeandsolveproblemsoncetheyhaveacquiredafirm

understandingofbasicsciences.

Anotherfactorcontributingtothedeclineofphysiologycourseshasbeenthelossof

physiologydepartmentsasaresultoftheirmergingwithschoolsofbiological,life,

health,ormedicalsciences.Resourceallocationwithinthepreclinicalschools,

formerlycontrolledbyacademicsworkingatthepre-clinicalfacultyordepartmental

level,isnowcentralizedandcontrolledbysenioradministratorsandclinicians.The

financialandmanpowerresourcesareredirectedtowardthemorehighlyprioritized

needsofthemedicalschoolratherthantosciencedepartments.Althoughthe"old

fashionedapproach"ofincorporatingextensivelaboratorycoursesinphysiologyinto

medicalandmedicalsciencecoursesiscostlyintimejaborandspace,theiromission

mayprovetobeevenmorecostly.EventuallyBritishgraduateswillloseouttotheir

competitorstrainedinContinentalEurope,whereuniversitiesmostlystilldevote

seriousattentiontoteachingpracticalskillstomedicalandscienceundergraduates.

131［单选题］Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopic

by_____

A.posingacontrast.

B.justifyinganassumption.

C.makingacomparison.

0.explainingaphenomenon.

正确答案：D

参考解析：sinceabout1990,physiologyteachingformedicalstudentshas

beencutbymorethanfiftypercent.描述了当前的困境，并给出了结论。D

正确。

132摩选初Accordingtothepassage,initspastrecordsphysiologywas

knownfor

A.resistingclinicalscience.

B.questioningstatistics.

C.ignoringbasicresearch.

0.failingininnovation.

正确答案：B

参考解析:physiologyhaslongsincerejecteditshistoricaldistrustof

statisticalevidenceandenthusiasticallyembracesnewmethods,abstract

moleculargenetics,whichshedlightonbiologicalprocesses.生理学早已

摒弃了其以往质疑统计数据的形象，现在能够积极接受新方法和阐明生物学过程

的抽象分子遗传学。B正确。

133［单选题］WhatisthedifferenceofmedicaleducationbetweenUKand

NorthAmerica?

A.UKstudentsfacemuchman-madebarriersintheirmedicalstudy.

B.UKstudentsaremainlyinstructedbycliniciansshortofpractice.

C.NorthAmericastudentspossesssolidknowledgeofbasicsciences.

D.NorthAmericastudentsaregrantedmorelearningindependence.

正确答案：C

参考解析：PBLismuchmoreappropriatelysuitedtomedicalteachingin

NorthAmerica,whereeverymedicalstudenthasstudiedbiological

sciencesatcollegelevelpriortoenteringmedicalschool.Undergraduate

Britishmedicalstudentsonlyrarelyhaveequivalentexperience.PBL模

式更适合北美医学教学，因为北美的医科学生在进入医学院之前已经学习力了相

当于大学水平的生物科学知识。英国本科阶段的医科学生很少会有类似的经历。

C正确。

134Accordingtotheauthor,Britishstudentswilllosethe

competitiondueto

A.themergingofphysiologycoursestomedicalschools.

B.theshortageofrecoursessupporttopre-clinicalfaculty.

C.thedisproportionalattentiontocliniciansandscientists.

D.thecancelingofphysiologicallaboratorytrainingcourses.

正确答案：D

参考解析：Anotherfactorcontributingtothedeclineofphysiology

courseshasbeenthelossofphysiologydepartmentsasaresultoftheir

mergingwithschoolsofbiological,life,health,ormedicalsciences.生理

学系被其它院系合并造成的损失会更严重，英国毕业生最终会输给欧洲大陆的竞

争对手。D正确。

135［单选题］\NK\dyofthefollowingcouldbethepropertitleofthetext?

A.TheDeclineofPhysiologyinMedicalEducationoftheUK

B.TheCriticalInefficiencyinMedicalEducationFacedbytheUK

C.TheConsequencesofFailedDecisioninPhysiologyEducation

D.TheNecessaryReversiontoPhysiologyTeachingintheUK

正确答案：A

参考解析：全文从第一段提到生理学课程，到后面解释了为什么生理学课程的减

少，全文是围绕英国医学教育体系中生理学的衰退而展开。A正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答136-140题

TheoutcryoverInternetfirms'habitofsurreptitiouslytrackingwebsurfers'activities

hasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.OnMarch16ththeObama

administrationannouncedthatitintendstoworkwithCongresstoproduce"aprivacy

billofrights"givingAmericanconsumersgreatercontroloverhowtheirinformation

iscollectedandusedbydigitalmarketers.

Thosewhohavebeenlobbyingforchangeagreewith,butareunsympatheticto,

Internetfirms'supremeworriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheiradvertising-driven

businessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargetingconsumerstomaximize

revenues."ThisisdimmingtheprospectsofGoogle,Facebookandotherdigitalad

companies",saysJeffreyChesteroftheCentreforDigitalDemocracy.

Quitehowdarkthingsgetforthemwilldependonthedetailsofthebill.ltwillseekto

laydownthebasicprinciplesofInternetprivacyrights,broadlyfollowing

recommendationspublishedlastDecemberbytheDepartmentofCommerce.The

department'sreportsaidconsumersshouldbetoldmoreaboutwhydataarebeing

collectedaboutthemandhowtheyareused;anditcalledforstricterlimitsonwhat

companiescandowithinformationtheycollect.

WhateverlegislationfinallyemergesislikelytogiveabroaderroletotheFederal

TradeCommission(FTC),whichwillalmostcertainlybechargedwithdecidinghow

thoseprinciplesaretranslatedintopracticeandwithpolicingtheir

implementation.Amongotherthings,theFTCisknowntobekeenonaformal"do

nottrack"system,whichwouldallowuserstoblockcertainsitesfrommonitoring

theironlineactivities.

Keentoavoidthis,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeenworkingovertimeto

convincepolicymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusingsystemssuchasiconsonweb

pagesthatshowsurferswhentheyarebeingtracked.Anditiswarninganyonewho

willlistenthatconsumerswillsufferiftoughdo-not-trackruleshitad

revenuesjorcingwebfirmstochargeformorecontent.WithMr.Obamathrowinghis

weightbehindInternetprivacy,thisrearguardactionislesslikelytobe

successful.Someadfirmshavestartedtalkingofcreatingado-not-tracksystemof

theirown,thatwouldlimitthedamagetotheirdigitalactivities.

Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sInternetgiantscouldalsobenefit

fromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheirdealingswiththeEuropeanUnion.The

EU'salreadyfairlystrictrulesonprivacy—whichitconsidersafundamentalhuman

right—arebeingtightenedfurther.Thetime-consumingandexpensivelegalhoopsthe

EUmakesAmericanInternetfirmsjumpthrough,tobeallowedtohandleEuropeans'

onlinedata,willbecomemoredemanding.Ifbypassingitsownonline-privacy"billof

rights"AmericacanconvincetheEUtoeasethislegalburden,thenitwillbean

importantwinforAmericancompanies,saysJoelReidenberg,aprofessoratFordham

University'slawschool.Google,Facebookandotherswillnodoubtbetracking—both

onlineandoffline—theprogressofEU-Americantalksonthismatterveryclosely.

136［单选题"canbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthatInternet

firms

A.incurredopposition.

B.raisedsuspicion.

C.receivedacclaim.

D.arousedcuriosity.

正确答案：A

参考解析：TheoutcryoverInternetfirms'habitofsurreptitiouslytracking

websurfers'activitieshasclearlyresonatedinsidetheWhiteHouse.互联

网公司喜欢偷偷追踪网站浏览者的活动，由此引发的强烈抗议显然已经在白宫内

部产生了共鸣，奥巴马政府宣布将于国会合作出台法案。可见，互联网公司的这

一嗜好遭到了强烈反对。A正确。

137［单选题］WhatistheutmostconcernofInternetcompaniesaboutthe

privacybill?

A.Moredemandingusers.

B.Overlappingdigitaldata.

C.Ever-increasinguserbase.

0.Shrinkingadrevenues.

正确答案：D

参考解析：Internetfirms'supremeworriesthatsuchalawcoulddenttheir

advertising-drivenbusinessmodels,whichrelyontrackingandtargeting

consumerstomaximizerevenues.互联网公司最大的担忧是隐私法案的实行

可能会损害其以广告为主的商业模式，这种模式通过跟踪和锁定消费者以使收入

最大化。所以互联网公司担忧的还是隐私法案对其收入的影响。D正确。

138［单选题］ofthefollowingistrueofdo-not-tracksystem

A.ItisinitiatedbytheFederalTradeCommission.

B.ltmakeswebfirmspassonthelossestoconsumers.

C.ltleadstoconflictsbetweenthegovernmentandfirms.

D.ltisincludedasafreeprogramoncomputers.

正确答案：B

参考解析：itiswarninganyonewhowilllistenthatconsumerswillsufferif

toughdo-not-trackruleshitadrevenues,forcingwebfirmstochargefor

morecontent.如果严格的"禁止追踪"规定损害网络公司的广告收入，遭殃的

将是消费者，因为互联网公司将被迫扩展付费业务。也就是将造成的损失转嫁

到消费者身上。B正确。

139［单选题］Whatisthereactionoftheadcompaniestowardthe

do-not-tracksystem?

A.Areluctantobedience.

B.Astiffresistance.

C.Athreateningcompromise.

D.Ahesitantdefense.

正确答案：C

参考解析：Keentoavoidthis,theonline-advertisingindustryhasbeen

workingovertimetoconvincepolicymakersthatitcanpoliceitselfusing

systemssuchasiconsonwebpagesthatshowsurferswhentheyare

beingtracked.为了避免屏蔽系统的束缚，广告公司妥协了，他们决定建立自己

的禁止跟踪系统，以减轻数字业务的冲击。同时有可能将损失通过付费业务转嫁

到消费者身上。c正确。

140［单选题］Hcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

A.theEU'sprivacylawsaremorereliablethanthoseinAmerica.

B.European'sonlinedataisnotaccessibletoAmericanwebfirms.

C.privacyisnotregardedasafundamentalhumanrightinAmerica.

D.theprivacybillcouldhelpaswellashurtAmeriegswebcompanies.

正确答案：D

参考解析：Althoughallthismaydenttheirrevenues,America'sInternet

giantscouldalsobenefitfromthelegislationifithelpsthemintheir

dealingswiththeEuropeanUnion.尽管所有这些可能损害其收入，但如果这

项法案有助于美国互联网巨头与欧盟之间的业务往来，它们也可以从中受益。D

正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答141-145题

HowmuchshouldyouknowaboutPrinceCharles'sattemptstochangegovernment

policies?Since2005,theGuardianhasfoughttomakepublicletterssentbythe

princetoWhitehallministers.Noonedisputesthatthese"blackspidermemos"are

importantandofpublicinterest.Lastautumn,aFreedomofInformationtribunalof

threejudgesruledthattheyshouldbepublishedfor"transparencyastohowand

whenPrinceCharlesseekstoinfluencegovernment".Evenashevetoedthejudges'

decision,theattorneygeneral,DominicGrieve,admittedthatthe"advocacy

correspondence"showedtheprincedisagreeingwithgovernmentpolicy.Butto

preservethefictionthatthefuturemonarchispoliticallyneutral,Mr.Grieve

demandedthelettersbekeptsecret.

Withoutevenconsultingparliament,acabinetministerhasoverturnedacourt

verdict—andputhishandoverthepublic'seyestoshielditfrom

unpleasantness.Todaythreeseniorjudgesadmittedthattheyfoundthe

block"troublesome".Theveto'sveryexistence,saidthelordchiefjustice,was"a

constitutionalaberration".Thejudgeswenton："Itisnotquiteapernicious'HenryVIII

clause',whichenablesaministertooverridestatutebut,unconstrained,itwould

havethesamedamagingeffectontheruleoflaw."Yethavingpaintedthevetoas

indefensible,thejudgesthenelectedtoupholdit.Yearslater,anddespitealandmark

rulingbyaFoltribunal,membersofthepublicarestillnoclosertoseeinghowthe

PrinceofWalestriestoinfluencegovernmentstheyhaveelected.

For,makenomistake,thisismeddlingofthehighestorder.Governmentadvisershave

describedincourthowsuchroyalmemoswenttothe"topofthepile"andwere

"treatedwithgreatreverence".Theprince'sinterestsarewide-ranging—thelettersin

questionweresenttosevenWhitehalldepartments,fromtheDepartmentfor

BusinesstotheNorthernIrelandOffice—andhehasbeenenthusiasticinpursuing

them,writing27lettersinjustsevenmonthsbetween2004and2005.

Tobeclear,thiscorrespondencewasnotaboutroutineengagementsorpartofthe

prince'spreparationforkingship,whichwouldplacethemoutsidepublicationunder

theFreedomofInformationlawswhichhavesincebeenrestrictedfurthertoexempt

allPrinceCharles'scorrespondence.ByMr.Grieves'ownadmission,theseare

"particularlyfrank"lettersbywhichPrinceCharlesseekstoinfluencepublicpolicy.Yet

Britonsarenotpermittedtofindoutthenatureofthatinfluence：whathasbeen

demandedorwhathasbeengiven.ltisobviouswhatthepubliclosesbysuch

secrecy.ltislessclearhowmuchClarenceHousereallygainsbyhavingthevacuum

filledwithpartialleaksandinnuendo.Theshroudshouldnotbeleftinplace.

141［单选题］Theattorneygeneralvetoedthejudges'decisioninorder

to_____

A.showhisdisapprovalofgovernmentpolicies.

B.blockthepublicationoflettersfromCharles.

C.maintainthefalseimpressionofpoliticalneutrality.

D.callfortransparencyinlegaldecisions.

正确答案：C

参考解析：文章首段通过提问的方式指出了本文的中心：查尔斯王子究竟在多大

程度上影响着政府政策的制定。因为其涉及公共利益，法庭裁定查尔斯王子与政

府部长间的通信应该被公开，而总检察长尽管也认同查尔斯王子有干涉政府政策

的嫌疑，但是为了维持君主政治中立的假象，他不同意法院的判决，要求对信件

保密，故［C］正确。

142［单选题］匿canbeinferredfromParagraph2that

A.cabinetministersinterfereexcessivelyinpolities.

B.thevetowasdamagingconstitutionalimpartiality.

C.Briton'sSupremeCourtoverturnedtheinitialruling.

D.thepublicisentitledtoseehowthePrinceswaypolicies.

正确答案：D

参考解析：Yearslater,anddespitealandmarkrulingbyaFoltribunal,

membersofthepublicarestillnoclosertoseeinghowthePrinceof

Walestriestoinfluencegovernmentstheyhaveelected.尽管信息自由特

别法庭有了进步，但是公众对查尔斯王子如何试图影响政府的政策仍然不知情。

所以第二段按时公众有权了解王子如何swaypolicies),

143［单选题/Theword"meddling"(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaning

to_____

A.frustration

B.intervention

C.confidentiality

D.disgrace

正确答案：B

参考解析frustration挫折、失败intervention介入、干涉confidentiality机

密性disgrace丢脸、耻辱

Governmentadvisershavedescribedincourthowsuchroyalmemos

wenttothe"topofthepile"andwere"treatedwithgreatreverence".政

府顾问在法庭上描述了这些皇家备忘录如何被归为“最高文件”并且在处理中"被

赋予了极高的敬意"。第二句描述了这些信件备受关照，享受优先权，后文也

提到王子信件关注范围的广泛，本段是对查尔斯王子信件本身的干预特征展开描

述。B正确。

144［单选题］Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat

A.theextenttowhichCharlesinfluencesthegovernmentisundefined.

B.thecurrentpublicpoliciesareseriouslyaffectedbytheroyalty.

C.Theattorneygeneral'svetoalterstheFreedomofInformationlaws.

D.Theauthorisfedupwiththeambiguityofroyalfamily'sstatements.

正确答案：A

参考解析：YetBritonsarenotpermittedtofindoutthenatureofthat

influence:whathasbeendemandedorwhathasbeengiven.格里夫先生

自己也承认，查尔斯王子这些"全面坦诚”的信件影响公共政策的制定。然后关

于影响的性质英国人背蒙在鼓里。A正确。

145［单选题］ofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?

A."Blackspidermemos"putspotlightonPrinceCharles'spoliticaloutreach.

B.AttorneygeneralblocksdisclosureofPrinceCharles'sletterstoministers.

CJudgesrulePrinceCharles'sletterstoministersshouldbedisclosed.

D.Thepublicstilldon'tknowhowPrinceCharleschangesgovernmentpolicies.

正确答案：D

参考解析：通过查尔斯王子给政府各部长的信件开始展开他对公共政策的影响，

最后一段可知，公众对查尔斯王子是如何影响政府政策的还是一无所知。D正确。

材料题

根据以下材料，回答146-150题

Theroyalarchivesareatreasuryofdocumentsofnationalandinternational

importancethatstretchbackover250years,fromGeorgeIIItothepresent

queen.Forthisreasonalone,thecollectionsbelonginthepublicdomain,something

theroyalarchivistsrecognizedwiththeirdecisiontoputQueenVictoria'sjournals

online.Butitshouldnotbefortheroyalarchiviststodecideonanarbitrarybasiswhat

canbeseenandwhatcannot.LiketheNationalArchives—perhapsevenaspartof

it—thereshouldbeatransparentprocessthroughwhichroyaldocumentsrelatingto

stateaffairsaregenerallyavailable.

ThecurrentdisputeaboutthepublicationoffootageofayoungPrincessElizabeth

withheruncleandmotherperformingaNazisaluteforthecameraexplainswhythis

issuchaneuralgicissueforBuckinghamPalace.ltexactlyreflectstheambiguityatthe

centreofthemonarchy,wherethequeenisbothaprivatepersonandapartofthe

constitution.Astillframethatcapturestheprincessinagesturethatstrikesusnowas

abhorrentstillresonates,evenifin1933itwascommonplaceintheoftenanti-Jewish

upperclassestomakelightofHitler'santi-Semitism.Nowondertheroyalarchivistsat

Windsorguardthepapersoffather,uncleandgrandfatherwithsuchcare.

Nonetheless,itisanunacceptableanomalythatthegatekeepersofdocuments

relatingtoaffairsofstateshouldapparentlybemainlyconcernedwithconcealing

themfromthepublicgaze.Aglanceatthepapersofalmostanynationalfigureinthe

20thcenturyrevealshowdeeplytheactivitiesofthemonarchyinfusedpubliclife

beforetheQueencametothethronein1952.Andtheycontinuetodoso,whichis

whytheGuardianfoughta10-yearlegalbattleforthedisclosureofPrinceCharles's

letterstoministers.

Theacknowledgmentsincountlesshistoriesofthe20thcenturybetraythe

frustrationofacademicsattheruthlessexploitationbyroyalarchivistsoftheircontrol

overaccess.Theambiguityaroundthemonarchasaprivatepersonisusedeitherto

justifybanningaccessentirely,orasawayoflegitimizingascrutinybythepalacethat

moreorlessamountstoarightofcensorship.Theperceptionatleastisthataccessis

usuallygrantedonlytothosewriterswhocanbereliedupontopassfriendly

judgments.

Soitisanunusuallybrazenfictionfortheroyalarchiveswebsitetodeclarethatthe

royalhouseholdiscommittedtotransparency.Thisisaninstitutiontowhichfreedom

ofinformationdoesnotapply,becausetheroyalhouseholdwasnotdefinedasa

publicbodyinthe2000act.Papersinthecollectionsarenotdescribedaspublic

recordsasdefinedintherelevantlegislation.

Accessiscontrolledbyanunaccountablegroupwhoseactivity,whereitisvisibleatall,

worksmostoftentoobstruct,nottofacilitate.Thisisadeliberateandunacceptable

attempttothwartgenuineacademicendeavor.Theroyalfamilyreceiveslarge

amountsofpublicmoney,whichformostpeopleisjustifiedbytheirpublicwork.But

thatdoesnotmeanthattheirhistorycanbeshelteredfromthepublicgaze.

146［单选题］%eenVictoria'sjournalsarecitedbytheauthorto

A.supporttheroyaldecisionofarchivesaccesscontrol.

B.defendthepublicownershipofroyalarchives.

C.criticizethearbitrarinessofroyalmanagement.

0.proposealeadingexampleofarchivesrelease.

正确答案：B

参考解析：Forthisreasonalone,thecollectionsbelonginthepublic

domain,somethingtheroyalarchivistsrecognizedwiththeirdecisionto

putQueenVictoria'sjournalsonline.第一句提到了皇家档案属于公共产品，

后一句提到了将女王的日记发布到网上。也就是再一次说明了，它的公共属性。

B正确。

147Whatjustifiesthecautioushandlingofroyaldocumentsby

thearchivists?

A.Mismanagementofroyalarchivesmaybreachtheconstitution.

B.Unfaithfulexposurecoulddeliverafalsesignaltothepublic.

C.Improperrevelationmaypossiblycausenegativesocialeffect.

0.Mishandlingmayincurconflictbetweentheroyaltyandthepublic.

正确答案：C

参考解析：Thecurrentdisputeaboutthepublicationoffootageofayoung

PrincessElizabethwithheruncleandmotherperformingaNazisalutefor

thecameraexplainswhythisissuchaneuralgicissueforBuckingham

Palace.伊丽莎白公主行纳粹军礼的镜头被曝光给公众带来的震动令白金汉宫大

伤脑筋，所以皇家档案管理人员如此谨慎大的保护资料。C正确。

148［单选题］WHSofthefollowingisshowntobeabnormalaccording

totheauthor?

A.Theuniquedoubleidentitiespossessedbythemonarch.

B.Theindifferenceofroyalarchiviststowardthepubliclife.

C.Theshortageofeffortsfromthepublicforthed