医学英语-MUSCULARSYSTEM知识点

医学英语-MUSCULARSYSTEM知识点OutlineFunctionsofthemuscularsystemThreedifferenttypesofmuscletissuesStructureoftheskeletalmusclefiberSlidingfilamentmodelofmusclecontractionMuscledisordersListanddescribefunctionsofmusclesIdentifythedifferencesamongthreetypesofmusclesDescribethestructureoftheskeletalmusclefiber

Describetheslidingfilamentmodleofmusclecontraction

ListanddescribemuscledisordersObjectivesBytheendofthissection,studentsshouldbeabletoIntroductionThemuscularsystemisthelargestsysteminthebody.½ourbodyweightcomesfrommuscles.Consistsofover600individualmuscles.Consists3differenttypesofmuscletissues.CardiacmuscleSmoothmuscleSkeletalmuscle

―Producemovementandmaintainposture―Pumpblood―Respiration―Protectinternalorgans―ProducebodyheatandregulatebodytemperatureFunctions2314576MuscleTypesThreetypesofmusclesCardiacmuscleSmoothmuscleSkeletalmuscleCardiac[ˈkɑ:di:ˌæk]心脏的Myocardium[ˌmaiəuˈkɑ:diəm]心肌CardiacMuscleStriatedandbranchedSinglenucleusthatiscentrallylocatedMembranesofadjacentcellsfusedatintercalateddiscsInvoluntaryOnlyfoundinheartStriation[straiˈeiʃən]条纹Intercalateddisk[inˈtə:kəleitid][disk]闰盘CardiacMuscleSmoothMuscleNon-striatedSpindle-shapedcellsSinglenucleusthatiscentrallylocatedInvoluntaryFoundmainlyinthewallsofholloworgansSmoothMuscleStriatedMultinucleatecellsthatareperipherallylocatedVoluntaryAttachedtoboneofskeletonSkeletalMuscleSkeletalMuscle

StriationStructureofSkeletalMuscle

FasciaFascia[ˈfæʃi:ə]筋膜Fascicle[ˈfæsikl]肌束

Myofibril[ˌmaiəuˈfaibril]肌原纤维SkeletalMuscle

3layersofconnectivetissue

Epimysium

Perimysium

EndomysiumEpimysium[ˌepiˈmiziəm]肌外膜Perimysium[ˌperiˈmiziəm]肌束膜Endomysium[ˌendəuˈmiziəm]肌内膜SkeletalMuscleFiberCell–multinucleateNuclei–justbeneaththesarcolemmaSarcolemma–specializedplasmamembraneSarcoplasm–cytoplasmofmusclecellsSarcolemma[ˌsɑ:kəˈlemə]肌纤维膜Sarcoplasm[ˈsɑ:kəˌplæzəm]肌质DistinctbandsIband= lightbandAband=

darkbandMyofibrilContractileunitofamusclefiberSarcomereZdisk–adarkerareainmiddleofIband–ExtendfromZdisktoZdiskSarcomere[ˈsɑ:kəmiə]肌节Myofilament[ˌmaiəuˈfiləmənt]肌丝SarcomereIband–Distancebetweentwothickfilaments–ContainsonlythinfilamentsAband

–Lengthofthickfilament–OverlapwiththinfilamentsHzone

–AtcenterofAband–ContainsonlythickfilamentsMline

–

MiddleoftheHzoneActinfilamentsMyosinfilamentsMyofilamentsActin[ˈæktin]

肌动蛋白Myosin[ˈmaiəusin]肌球蛋白LevelsofFunctionalOrganizationinaSkeletalMuscleFiberCircletheletterofthechoicethatliststhemusclestructuresfromlargesttosmallestMyofibrils,filaments,musclefibersMusclefibers,Myofibrils,filamentsMusclefibers,filaments,MyofibrilsMyofibrils,musclefibers,filamentsIbandAbandAIIbandAband

MyosinheadsattachtoactinmoleculesMyosin“pulls”onactin,causingthinmyofilamentstoslideacrossthickmyofilaments,towardsthecenterofthesarcomereSlidingFilamentModelofContractionDuringacontraction,theAbandstaysthesamewidth,buttheZlinesmoveclosertogetherandtheIbandandHzonearereducedinwidth.SlidingFilamentModelofContractionSarcomereShorteningMuscledisordersFatigueStrainCrMyastheniagravisMusculardystrophyMuscleFatigueDothis:Sitagainstthewallwithyourkneesbentata900angle.Holdthispositionforaslongasittakestofeelmusclefatigue.TirednessfollowingprolongedorintenseactivityStrainInjuriesduetoover-stretchedmusclesortendonsSymptoms–Swelling–Pain–BruisingCrPainfulinvoluntarycontractionofaskeletalmuscleormusclegroupResultfrom

alackofsaltorotherminerals(likecalciumandpotassium),musclefatigue,ordehydration.Strain[strein]拉伤Cr[kræmp]痉挛MyastheniaGravis

AntibodiesattackAchreceptorsProgressiveweaknessandparalysisMyastheniagravis[ˈmaiæsˈθi:niə][ˈgrævɪs]重症肌无力Acetylcholine[əˌsi:təlˈkəulin]乙酰胆碱MuscularDystrophyDuetoadefectiveproteinProgressivemuscleweaknessandparalysisMusculardystrophy[ˈmʌskjuləˈdistrəfi]肌肉萎缩症Dystrophin[dis'trɔfin]抗肌萎缩蛋白cardiacmusclesmoothmuscleskeletalmuscleinvoluntarymusclevoluntarymusclemusclefiber