【高中语法大全】LESSON2高中被动语态课件(共23张)

Lesson2动词的语态do一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来写出下列时态对应的被动语态（以do为例）do一般进行完成完成进行现在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonehave/hasbeenbeingdone过去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonehadbeenbeingdone将来willbedonewillbebeingdonewillhavebeendonewillhavebeenbeingdone过去将来wouldbedonewouldbebeingdonewouldhavebeendonewouldhavebeenbeingdone1.被动语态的一般结构：bedone2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋bedone例:Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)含双宾语的主动句变被动时，将直接宾语或间接宾语变为被动句的主语皆可。注意：如果将直接宾语（物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（人）前加适当的介词。例:Hismothergavehimapresentonhisbirthday.=Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotheronhisbirthday.=Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotheronhisbirthday.一.被动语态的常用结构givesbsth--->sbbegivensth.

或sthbegiventosbbuysb.sth--->sbbeboughtsth

或sthbeboughtforsb

【考点归纳】givesb.sth.passsb.sth.sellsb.sth.lendsb.sth.bringsb.sth.makesb.sth.buysb.sth.Sth

begiventosb.Sth

bepassedtosb.Sthbesoldtosb.Sth

belenttosb.Sth

bebroughttosb.Sth

bemadeforsb.Sth

beboughtforsb.主动被动2.被动语态的特殊结构形式3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动，这时宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例：Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能省略。例：ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.一.被动语态的常用结构2.被动语态的特殊结构形式5）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例：Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.一.被动语态的常用结构【典例剖析】.They_________playfootballjustnow.A.wereseentoB.wereseenC.isbeingseenD.isbeingseentoA主动语态被动语态使役动词makesbdosthsbbemadetodosthhavesbdosthsbbehadtodosthletsbdosthsbbelettodosth感观动词seesbdosthseesbdoingsthsbbeseentodosthsbbeseendoingsthwatchsbdosthsbbewatchedtodosthhearsbdosthhearsbdoingsthsbbeheardtodosthsbbehearddoingsthnoticesbdosthsbbenoticedtodosth1.）系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fail,get,grow,keep等+adj./n.构成系表结构。例：Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。2.）表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。3.）表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,eat,drink等，与副词如well,easily,perfectly(十分地)等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语（物）+动词+副词。例：

Thatbooksellswell.书卖得好。4.）少数动词的主动进行式表被动，如print,hang,fry,cook等。例：Thenewhouseisbuilding=Thenewhouseisbeingbuilt.新房在建造中。二.主动形式表被动意义6.）

need,want,require（要求，需要）,deserve(应得，值得),beworth(值得），notbear(经不住)后面接doing主动表被动。二.主动形式表被动意义7.）在betodosth结构中,不定式通常用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:

例：Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?这场火灾应由谁负责?例：Yourhairwants/needscutting(=needstobecut).你的头发该剪了。

Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。5.）介词in,on,under+n.构成介词短语表被动（常见的有undercontrol/repair/discussion/construction;beyondbelief/reach/imagination;onsale/show;outofcontrol/sight/reach等）例：Thebuildingisunderconstruction(=isbeingconstructed).

Therumorisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．二.主动形式表被动意义8.）一些与can’t(不能)或won’t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有:lock(锁住),shut(关上),open(打开),act(上演),write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例：Thedoorwon’topen.这门打不开

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门本身有毛病）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．

（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）9.）不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。

例：Ihavemuchworktodo.我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系）Exercises:choosethebestchoice.

TherearemanygoodfilmsplayedbyChengLongthatareworth_____.

A.tobeseenB.beingseenC.seeingD.tosee

2.Thefood_____easilyandsells_____.

A.cooks;wellB.iscooking;goodC.iscooked;wellD.cooked;good

3.Thewindowsofthebuildingcan’t_____.

A.beclosedB.closeC.beclosingD.closedCAB1.）不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen,last,takeplace,occur,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,spread等。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？2.）表示状态的动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如含“容纳、适合、缺少”等意义的词hold,contain,fit,lack,benefit,cost,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等。例：Theroomcanhold200people.这个房间可容纳200人。3.）表示归属的动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如have,belongto,own等。例：Thatbookbelongstome.书属于我。三.不用被动语态的情况被动语态与系表结构的区别：

当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示

主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。

其区分办法如下：1．如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为

被动语态，否则为系表结构。

例：Theglassisbroken．（系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy．（被动语态）2．如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例：Thedoorislocked．（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked．（被动语态）系表结构中的过去分词常有其固定的介词搭配，这时过去分词都变成了形容词,因此也是看似被动实际表主动。如：beinterested(in…)，besurprisedat,beexcitedabout,besatisfied/pleasedwith,bedisappointed,beshocked,bemoved,beamazed,befrightened,bedelighted,beashamed等。3．一些特殊结构1)beseated

=sitdown,takeone’sseat就座Thewoman

seatedbythewindow

ishismother.=Thewoman

sitting

bythewindow

ishismother.这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语．类似的词还有dress,lose,apply,devote等。Sheseatedherselfonthesofa.=Shewasseatedonthesofa.她坐在沙发上。Idressmyselfincleanclothes.=Iget/amdressedincleanclothes.我穿上了干净衣服。2)

beprepared(for…)=prepare(for…);beready(for…)

（为…)准备好eg:She

waspreparedfor

anythingtohappen.

她已准备好应付一切.

Well-prepared

fortheexam,allthestudentstookitconfidently.3)

beworried

(about…)=worry(about…)对…担心eg:She

wasworried

abouthermissingson.=She

worriedherself

abouthermissingson.

她担心她失踪的儿子。4)

beconcerned(about/with…)

=careabout…/berelevantto…关心…;与…有关联eg:We

are

allconcernedabouthishealth.

【对...担忧】

我们都担心他的健康We're

all

concernedforhersafety.【对...关注】我们都关注她的安危Thisbookisconcernedwith

theadolescentcrime.

【与...有关；涉及...】

这本书与青少年犯罪有关。5.besupposed(to…)

=should应该

eg:AmIsupposedtocleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?

=ShouldIcleanalltheroomsorjustthisone?

我应该打扫所有的房间还是仅一间？6.

bedevoted

to(doing)=belovingorloyal热爱的;忠实的

eg:She

isdevotedto

herchildren.她深爱她的孩子.Herlife

wasdevotedto

caringforthesickandneedy.

她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。7.

beaddicted

(to…)=bestronglyinterested(in…)对…上瘾He

wasaddictedto

smoking.

8.

beused

(to…)习惯于…Afterthreeweeksshe

hadgotusedto

theextremeheat.

9.beaccustomed

(to…)=beused(to…)习惯（于….)

Isoon

gotaccustomedto

hisstrangeways.

我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法.以上词组中的to均为介词，其后动词用doing形式Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofthegivenverbs:1.__________(dress)inwhite,helookslikeadoctor.2.After_________(stay)herefor1year,he_______________(accustom)tothehotweather.3.You_____________(suppose)toarriveherebefore8o’clock.4.Youcanpasstheexamaslongasyou________________(prepare,well)forit.5.Afterallthepeople____________(seat),thechairmanannouncedthestartofthemeeting.Dressedstayingisaccustomedaresupposedarewell-prepared

wereseatedExercise:choosethebestanswer1.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines______bynow.A.hascompletedB.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted2.Thetrafficinourcityisalreadygoodandit________evenbetter.A.getsB.gotC.hasgotD.isgetting3.Youcan'tmoveinrightnow.Thehouse_______.A.haspaintedB.ispaintedC.isbeingpaintedD.ispainting4.Ihavenoideawhat_______whileIwasasleep.A.hashappenedB.washappenedC.hadhappenedD.happenedCDCDExercise:choosethebestanswer5.-Doyoulikethenewpen?-Yes,it_______verywell.A.iswrittenB.isw