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2011年12月
WhyIntegrityMatters
WhatIsIntegrity?
Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself
(honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness)butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachand
everyday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical(道德上的)standards
evenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressureto
succeed,ortemptation.
Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointed
inourselvesandashamed.Butalapse(缺失)ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.
Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrust
someonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.
RiskyBusiness
Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeen
underminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromour
mistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilar
problemsinthefuture.
Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearnto
recognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retaking,wecan'tmakeresponsiblechoices.
Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewho
doesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(票!I窃)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithout
givingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailto
quoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"unintentional"doesnot
excusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.
"ButEverybodyDoesItH
Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselves
abouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone',,
or"Ireallyneedthisgrade.MExcusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,
eventhoughFmsupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI'm
justcheckingmyanswers,notcopying.1'Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,
ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoice
we'remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.
Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeel
ifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhide
youractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.
EvaluatingRisks
Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefuture
aswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewho
takeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhat
mightgowrong.TheconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludeaMO"onatest
orassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暂令停学)ordismissalfromschoolandaruined
reputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothers
thepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable
(脆弱的)position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmight
justifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.
GettingAwaywithit-OrNot
Thosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,
whichdeprives(剥夺)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceand
independence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.
Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidof
gettingcaught.
Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn*tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecause
he/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethics
andbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegets
caught,theworsetheconsequences.
CheatingHurtsOther,Too
Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.
Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累积的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikea
disease.Recentstatisticssuggest30%ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedona
curve,cheatinghurtsothers*grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons'1theclassroom,
andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.(uIfIdon'tcheatIcan'tcompetewiththosewhodo")
Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeing
studentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou*retryingtoteach,allIcare
aboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers.nTheendresultisadestructiveattack
onthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityand
harmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.
WhyIntegrityMarten
Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyand
goodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicine
fromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist-thelistisendless.Thereare
manyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheir
dishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,
ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpolitical
andeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation's
economyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,there
mightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.
Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdo
matter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwe
wanttolive.
1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso.
A)stickstothemintheirdailylife
B)makesthemknowntoothers
C)understandstheirtruevalues
D)seesthatothersalsofollowthem
2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?
A)Ithelpstocreateteamspirit
B)Itfacilitatescommunication
C)Itisthebasisofmutualtrust
D)Itinspiresmutualrespect
3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake?
A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.
B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.
C.sothatwedon'tbreakanyrules.
D.sothatwedon'Irunintotrouble.
4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif?
A.ithascausednoharm.
B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.
C.ithasgoneunnoticed.
D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.
5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn'twishtofoolhimself?
A.Avoidmakingexcuses.
B.Listentootherpeople'sadvice.
C.Makehisintensionspublic.
D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.
6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron.
A.willoftenbecomemorecautious
B.areusuallyveryaggressive
C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.
D.mayloseeverythingintheend
7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn'tgetcaughtrightawaywill.
A)paymoredearly
B)becomemoreconfident
C)bewidelyadmired
D)feelsomewhatlucky
8.Cheatersatexamdon'tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowto.
9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople's.
10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultof
2011年6月
BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNew
Britishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestofoldand
new.
WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!Thosearenotthe
mostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritish
restaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay.
"Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland/'the
Englishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcooking
methods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliver
andGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboring
thing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHeston
BlumenthaPsmoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreate
theperfectdish.
"It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsabout
food,'*Tomessays.
Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetraced
backtotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhen
GermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations(配
给).
°Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-produce
food,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheir
kitchens."
Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywere
lookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverquality
prevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn'tcompetewith
neighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.
BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofinda
restaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9Pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital'sculinary(烹饪的)
scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofany
internationalvisitor.
WiththeopeningofAlfie'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritish
foodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantsare
keepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefalThePawninWanChai."HongKong
dinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornew
dishes."
ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurants
aremodifyingtherecipes(菜谱)ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,while
othersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.
Tamlynisinthesecondcamp.nWeselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,New
Zealandlambandforourcustards(牛奶蛋糊)weuseBird*sCustardPowder,'*Tamlynsays.
“Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardis
different,andwestaytruetothat."
MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsouses
betteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes."Therearealotofexistingperceptionsabout
Britishfoodandsowecan'talterthesetoomuch.We'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsothereare
somestaples(主菜)thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged."
Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroasted
meats.AtAlfie's,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen's
club-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance(原产地)."Britainhasstarted
tobecomereallyproudofthefoodit'sproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifully
craftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats.',
However,theBritishdon'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultfor
restaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients.
"WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains."Butthereis
alsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthe
localmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples.1'
ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationofuBritishcuisine",whilestilltrying
tomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.
SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthan
stickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailable
inthelocalmarkets.
"Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresented
inaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish.'1
Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishes
acrossBritain.
Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,while
maintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.
AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheir
meals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand“mixingitup"isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,
butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner.
'Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethem
uphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.
ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries(烤肉馆),Tamlynsays.
"SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,
andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem.”
SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred(神圣的)tomesswith,however,Tomessays."I'dnever
changeafullEnglishbreakfast."
1.WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?
A)Itsuniqueflavour.C)Itsspecialcookingmethods.
B)Itsbadtaste.D)Itsorganicingredients.
2.TheSecondWorldWarledtoinBritain.
A)aninadequatesupplyoffoodC)anincreaseinfoodimport
B)adecreaseofgrainproductionD)achangeinpeople'seatinghabits
3.Whycouldn'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthe
post-wardecades?
A)Itsfoodlackedvariety.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.
B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.D)Itdidn'thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.
4.Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothe
tastesof.
A)mostyoungpeopleC)allkindsofoverseasvisitors
B)elderlyBritishdinersD)upper-classcustomers
5.WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?
A)Authenticclassiccuisine.C)Newideasandpresentations.
B)Locallyproducedingredients.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.
6.Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould.
A)benefitpeople'shealthC)beofferedatreasonableprices
B)lookbeautifulandinvitingD)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes
7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?
A)Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.
B)Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.
C)Theyareprocessedinascientificway.
D)Theycomeinagreatvariety.
8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalso
buysvegetablesfrom.
9.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes.
10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatesto
thosedinerswhowouldliketo.
2010年12月
AGrassrootsRemedy
Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,
gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthe
suburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.Themostpopularleisureactivity
inBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers('慢品包者)jog,theydon'trunthestreets.Every
oneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydo
weallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.
Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).Ispentmyboyhood
climbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedofthese
ancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnew
perceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthan
thingsthatcanbefound.
Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousing
andthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).
Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewho
hadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.
AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanatural
environmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormal
playground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanatural
environment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.
Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,
childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.
Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,
andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.
Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)
playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.This
remindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedto
hangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.
Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthand
safetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,the
damageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.
OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensively
treatedwithdrugs.Yetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshuge
benefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.
Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasing
emphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.And
studyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.
Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnatural
surroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourare
reducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhis
study,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelps
reduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatter
howsmalltheircontribution.
Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsare
grantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednaturefor
themselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsis
profoundlydamaging.
Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedon
theplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwith
non-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,
givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,
understandsthat.
Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Without
thewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsaroundusweare
lessthanhuman.
Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld
Walk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makea
circuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmoving
inmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywhere
that'snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookat
water,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.
Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisin
company.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthe
windwithbirdsongforbackground.
Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,five
birdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreater
amountofwildnessinyourlife.
Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.
Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthe
woods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlasts
forever,afterall.
1.Whatistheauthor?sprofoundbelief?
[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.
(BJPeopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.
[ClPeoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.
[DJPeoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
[A]Personalfreedom.
[B]Thingsthatarenatural.
[C]Urbansurroundings.
[D]Thingsthatarepurchased.
3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?
[A]Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.
[B]Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.
[C]Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.
[D]NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.
4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas.
IAJtendtodevelopastrongloveforscience
[B|aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife
[C]tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood
[D]arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying
5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?
[A]Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.
IB]Providemoregreenspacesforthem.
[C]Placethemundermorepersonalcare.
[D]Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?
[A]Theylookonlifeoptimistically.[C]Theyareabletolivelonger.
[B]Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.[D]Theybecomegood-humoured.
7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat.
fA]humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother
[B]wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople
[Claccesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence
[D]ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged
8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcan
be・
9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout.
10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeople
toseekwiththenaturalworld.
2010年6月
CaughtintheWeb
Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.
She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messaging
programs—leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththe
dishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforeshe
realizedshehadaproblem.
“Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart一kindofslippingintoa
depression,saidCarla.knewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,Fdjustkeepgoing,“
detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.
Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas“addicted”totheInternet.She'snotalone.
ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn*tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournals
andtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthe
subject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhether
addictionispossible.
ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreserious
attention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelook
atexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternet
addictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.Andscoresofonlinediscussionboardshave
poppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtoomuchtimeontheWeb.
uThere'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoing
theirInternetinvolvement,saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallsthe
problemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.
JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical.
“TheInternetisanenvironment,hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment.Bishop
describestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeople
toprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.
ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmore
than2500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversity
researchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat“theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseof
excessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconcealunonessentialInternetuse",andnearly
4%reportedfeelingupreoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline.
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