外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册Unit5 高考练含答案

Unit5Revealingnature高考练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2022全国甲,B)Goffinscockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffinscockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffinscockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.1.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround.D.Byremovingthelid.2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.3.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters派生/合成词汇1.shape-recognitionn.

2.skilln.技巧;技能→adj.技术好的,熟练的

3.keyholen.

4.recognizev.认识;承认;意识到→n.认出,认识;承认

5.selectvt.选择;挑选→n.选择;挑选;选拔

6.trial-and-error

7.entireadj.全部的,完全的→adv.全部地,完全地

8.lockv.锁→v.(用钥匙)开……的锁

熟词生义9.keepvt.

10.groupvt.

Ⅱ.七选五(2023全国乙)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.1,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeopleswellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.Whatsmore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.

Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.2.

Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“3.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.4.

Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“5,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeopleslivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”

A.AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.PlantslikepeaceliliesanddevilsivyareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding1.2.3.4.5.

派生/合成词汇1.wellbeingn.

2.houseplantn.

3.requirevt.需要;要求→n.需要;必需品;必备条件

4.rewardvt.奖励,酬劳→adj.值得做的,有益的

答案与分层梯度式解析高考练Ⅰ.◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了原产于澳大拉西亚的戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是技术高超的形状分类专家。1.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’...Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”可知,笼中的鸟儿(戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉)被证明能熟练地使用工具,它们在实验中是通过使用工具得到坚果的。2.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage”可知,一岁左右的幼童可以把一个圆形的东西投进一个圆形的洞里,故可推知人类一岁幼童最有可能完成的任务是把一个球放进圆洞内。3.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections”可知,研究人员下一步的目标是试验凤头鹦鹉在形状的选择中是否也使用触觉。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段第一句可知,文章主要说明了戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉具有形状识别能力,是技术高超的形状分类专家。【高考词汇站】1.形状识别2.skilful/skillful3.锁眼,钥匙孔4.recognition5.selection6.反复试验,不断摸索7.entirely8.unlock9.养,饲养10.把……分类/分组Ⅱ.◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了室内植物的定义、益处并给出了选择室内植物的建议。1.B细节句。设空处位于段中,考虑细节补充。根据空后的逗号可知,设空处所填内容非整句,再结合逗号后的but可知,逗号前后内容并列。浏览选项可以发现,B项中的Notonly可以与but(省略了also)连用,表示“不仅……而且……”,代入原文后意义连贯,表示“它们不仅好看,而且研究表明它们能够通过改善心情、减轻压力和提高记忆力来提升人们的幸福感”。故选B。2.D细节句。设空处位于段尾,考虑细节补充或概括总结。前一句说在英国,尤其是在冬天,这些物种中有很多不太适合在室外生长。浏览选