倒装句完整版本

PAGEPAGE5倒装英语句子的基本语序是”主语+谓语”,称作自然语序(NatureOrder).如果将谓语的全部或部分移至主语之前,这种语序称作倒装语序(InvertedOrder)。倒装的原因，一是句子结构的需要，如某些疑问句、感叹句以及表示祝愿的句子，二是为了强调某个句子成分。倒装有两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称为全部倒装（FullInversion）;有时只将部分谓语（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前，称为部分倒装（PartialInversion）.全部倒装全部倒装的句子结构：谓语+主语,这种倒装通常都是单个的谓语动词，倒装的时候不用进行时、完成时等时态，也不用助动词do，did等。以引导词there开首的倒装句：表示存在的therebe句型，主语在be之后。除be外，还可以使用lie,live,come,exist,sit,stand,remain等vi。Eg:Sometimes,therearejusttwochairsandatable.Thereexistsanancienttempleinthistown,whichattractsvisitors.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.以地点或时间副词开首的倒装句：以地点副词here，there等，时间副词then，now，next等开头的倒装句，其谓语动词通常是be,come,go,follow等vi.Eg:Nowcomesyourturn.Here’ssomegoodnews.以方位副词开首的倒装句：以ahead,away,back,down,in,off,out,up,onthewall等表示方位的副词开头的倒装句，其谓语动词通常为come,go,fly,rush等表示移动的动词。倒装会使叙述显得更加生动.Eg:Aheadwalkedthetiger.Onthewallhangtwopictures,whosevalueisbeyondwhatwecanimagine.以介词短语开首的倒装句：当一个句子没有宾语，或主语比较长，或为了强调状语，常可将作状语的介词短语放在句首，同时把谓语放在主语前.Eg:Outoftheroomcameanoldwoman.Athefootofthemountainliesavillage.以现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等开首的倒装句：现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等有时可移到句首，来对动作或状态加以强调.Lyingonthefloorwasalitterboy.Seatedonthegrassareagroupofyoungstudents.such置于句首时：此句型中国的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正主语”保持一致.Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.部分倒装：部分倒装的结构：助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语+（主要动词）以否定词语开首的倒装句：(1)以not,never,little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,innoway,innosituation,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,notuntil,nosooner,notonly……but(also)……,neither……nor……等开头的句子常用部分倒装语序.Eg:AssoonasshearrivedinLondon,shetelephonedherparents.ThemomentshegottoLondon,shecalledherparents.OnarrivinginLondon,shegaveherparentsaring.OnarrivalinLondon,shemadeaphonecalltoherparents.NosoonerhadshereachedLondonthansherangupherparents.HardlyhadshearrivedinLondonwhenshephonedherparents.Attention:当not否定主语或notonly…..butalso连接两个并列主语时,不用倒装语序.Eg:Notawordwassaid.Notonlythechildrenbutalsothegrown-upsareinterestedinthisTVplay.2.以”only+状语”开首的倒装句：“only+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）”置于句首，通常引起部分倒装,只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前Eg:Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes,canyoucoverastorybyyourself.Attention:(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分没有助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。 Eg:Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。Eg:Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。Eg:Onlyhecananswerthequestion.六个重要的固定句型：（1）…..so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“…….也是如此”Eg:Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.使用特点：此句型也可写成“itisthesamewith………”,或“soitiswith…..“Eg:Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;itisthesamewiththosewithdisabilities/soitiswiththosewithdisabilities.如果句意不是“…..也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时的so=friend）,那么，句子不可使用倒装式。试比较：Eg:A:Iwasafraid..(句中的I指的是说话者A)B:SowasI（I指的是B,此句意为：Iwasafraid，too）A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:Soyouwere.(you指的也是A，此句意为：Indeedyouwereafraid.)再比较几个句子：A：Itishot.B:Soitis.A:Heislazy.B:Soisshe.(2)……;neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也不这样”Eg:Lilycan’tride;neither(nor)canLucy.使用特点：A.此句型也可以写成“itisthesamewith…….”,或“soitiswith…….”Eg:Lilycan’tride;itisthesamewithLucy/soitiswithLucy.B.此句型中的neither(nor)不可用so….not替代，但可用not…..either改写。Eg:Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasnever/notbeenabroad.,either(3)So+adj./adv……that……,表示“如此…….以至于……..”Eg:SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.使用特点：在这个句型中，so引导的句子要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。（4）Neither……,nor…….,表示“….不……,也不…..”Eg:NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以前后句都要倒装。（5）notonly……butalso…..,表示“不仅…..而且….”Eg:Notonlywillbooksbegiventothestudents,butalsoclotheswillbeprovidedforthem.使用特点：此句型也可写成notonly…..but或notonly……but……aswell的形式，但but(also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。(6)notuntil…….,表示“……直到……才…..”Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.=Wedidn’thavesupperuntilhereturned.注意：如果notuntil引导的是句子，该从句的主谓不可倒装，只是主句需倒装。形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置，它的特点是，只是把强调的内容提至句首，主谓不倒装。感叹句：Eg:Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!Howinterestingtheirtalkis!使用特点：对名词感叹（或中心词是名词）时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。themore……,themore……句型eg:Themoreyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.使用特点：此句型中的more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。Eg:Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.(2)此句型中的第一个more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个themore引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上是：Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.3.whatever,however+adj./adv.引导让步状语从句句型Eg：Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.使用特点：Whatever后面常接名词；however+形容词/副词+主语+…….Eg:Whateverreasonyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.4.as，though引导让步状语从句采用倒装形式的情况(1)表语的倒装Eg:Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonhiswork.Strangeas/thoughshewas,shewasn’tabletosleep.Exhaustedas/thoughshewas,shewasn’tabletosleep.（2）谓语动词的倒装Eg:Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Searchastheywouldhereanthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.状语倒装Eg:Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldn’tcatchupwiththem.Attention:如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，则不再用冠词。Eg:Childasheis,heknowsalot.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Excise:1.Foramomentnothinghappened.Then________allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome2.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,away_________.A.fleeingthethiefB.wasfleeingthethiefC.thethiefwasfleeingD.fledthethief3.Atthefootofthemountain_________.A.avillageliesB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage4.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool._______theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended5.Newtechnologywasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly________,butstudentbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy.6.——Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?——Super!Rarely_________somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattractedB.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattractD.attractedadebate7.OnlywhenIfeltmyparentsforItaly_______howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealized8.Onlythen_____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.hadsherealizedB.sherealizedC.didsherealizeD.shehadrealized9.Somuchofinterest_______thatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.A.offersBeijingB.BeijingoffersC.doesBeijingofferD.Beijingdoesoffer10.ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,________domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.A.asB.whichC.whenD.though11.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and________.A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI12.___________,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry完成句子：Atthesightofpoliceman,out____________________________frombehindthedoor.(小偷赶紧跑)（rush）OnlywhenIenteredtheseniorhighschool___________________________(我才开始显露)agreatinterestinpoems.(show)Onlyyou_________________________________(解决这个问题).(settle)Oh,it’sSteve!Hardly________________________(我认出他)justnow!Hehaschangedsomuch.(recognize)Bynomeans_____________________(我们允许)ourstudentstodropoutofschool.(allow)Hedidn’thearthenews;___________