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目录2011年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2018年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2011年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.demographicstatistics【答案】人口统计2.stampduty【答案】印花税3.simulationlaboratory【答案】仿真实验室4.ozonelayer【答案】臭氧层5.functionalequivalence

【答案】功能对等6.gametheory【答案】博弈论7.warcorrespondent【答案】战地记者8.jobintermediary【答案】职位中介9.Interlingualtranslation【答案】语际翻译10.theconservationofenergy【答案】能量守恒11.InternationalProtocol

【答案】国际协定12.APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)13.CPI【答案】消费物价指数(ConsumerPriceIndex)14.Byzantineart【答案】拜占庭艺术15.powerpolitics【答案】强权政治Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.领土完整【答案】territorialintegrity

2.贸易技术壁垒【答案】technicalbarrierstotrade3.分期付款【答案】installment4.原油【答案】crudeoil5.房地产【答案】realestate6.反倾销【答案】anti-dumping7.养老基金【答案】pensionfund8.记者招待会

【答案】pressconference9.急救站【答案】first-aidstation10.国内生产总值【答案】GrossDomesticProduct(GDP)11.三维空间【答案】three-dimensionalspace12.前沿技术【答案】cutting-edgetechnology13.国际惯例【答案】internationalcommonpractice14.正当权益

【答案】legitimateinterests15.勇于创新【答案】innovativeⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)ThefutureofEuropeappearslargelytodependtodayonceagain,forgoodorevil,whetherwelikeitornot,asitdidformanycenturies,onthefutureofGermany.Itisstill,asMadamedeStawrote,“theheartofEurope”.Destroyed,defensed,humiliated,arbitrarilyreshapedaccordingtoangryandfrightenedforeigners’punitiveideas,ithaslaboriouslyclimbedbacktothetop.Ithasbecomeonceagaintherichest,strongest,mostefficient,orderly,productive,scientificallyandtechnologicallyadvanced,aswellasthemostpopulousnationofWesternEurope.Inprosperousyears,itisthefirstup;inleanyears,thelastdown.Italyistootired,skeptical,unruly,andconfusedtocount.VictoriousGreatBritainhasseenitsarrogantpridefadeawayalongwithitswealth,power,andprestige.France,ofcourse,firmlyandloudlyproclaimsitselfNumberOne,buttoofirmlyandtooloudlyattimes.Itisthereforeonceagainessentialforeverybody,theFrench,theBritish,theItalians,theotherEuropeans,aswellastheAmericansandtheRussians,tokeepaneyeinordertofigureoutwhotheGermansare,whotheythinktheyare,whattheyaredoing,andwheretheywillgonext,wittinglyorunwittingly.This,ofcourse,wasalwaysimpossibletofathom.Howcanonetell?GermanyisaProteancountry.Aseverybodyknows,onlywhenonetied

downProteus(海神普罗特斯),thepropheticoldmanofthesea,couldonemakehimrevealtheshapeofthingstocome.Buthecouldn’tbepinneddowneasily;hecontinuedtochange.Hecouldbearoaringlion,aharmlesssheep,aslipperyserpent,achargingbull,orinturn,arock,atree,abrook,abonfire.【参考译文】无论好坏,不管我们喜欢还是不喜欢,就像几个世纪以来一样,当今欧洲的未来在很大程度上还是取决于德国的未来。正如德斯塔夫人写道:“德国是欧洲的心脏。”被愤怒和恐惧的外国人惩罚,摧毁、抵制、羞辱、任意地重塑之后,它已经艰难地爬回到顶端。她再次成为最富有,最强大,最有效率,有序,高产,科学技术先进,也是西欧人口最多的国家。在繁荣的岁月里,它是第一个崛起的;在贫穷的年代,它是最后一个衰落的。意大利太累,多疑,不守规矩还很让人不解。大不列颠帝国的傲慢以及它的财富、权力和威望逐渐消失。当然,法国坚定地大声宣布自己是第一,但是有时太过坚定和大声了。因此,对于法国人,英国人,意大利人,其他欧洲人以及美国人和俄罗斯人来说,重要的是要刻意或不经意地留意德国人是谁,他们认为自己是谁,他们正在做什么以及接下来要去哪里。当然,这总是无法理解的。人们怎么可能知道呢?德国是一个千变万化的国家。众所周知,只有当一个人束缚了海神普罗特斯这位大海的预言家时,才能让他揭示未来的形状。但他不能轻易地被打败;他不断改变。他可以是一只咆哮的狮子,一只无害的羊,一条滑溜的蛇,一头有力的公牛,或者依次是一块岩石,一棵树,一条小溪和一堆篝火。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)

自然界的能量有许多不同的形式。热能就是一种形式的能量。热能有许多是来自太阳。森林大火也可以产生热能,甚至一个动物温暖的身体也可以产生少许的热能。光能是能量的另一种形式,也是来自太阳和星星。一些动物甚至植物也可以产生少量的光能。无线电波和紫外线也是能量形式。另外,电能也是一种能量形式。我们在家里使用的很多能量来自电。地球上的大多数能量——风、浪、热、光——来自太阳,而太阳本身的能量是由核能产生的。有关能量的一些事情很难理解。宛若一位化妆师,能量不断从一种形式转变为另一种形式,当你自认为了解它的时候,它突然变成了另一种完全不同的形式。但是有一点是肯定的:能量永远不会消失,同样,它也不会无端地产生。过去,人们认为能量和物质是两种完全不同的东西。现在我们知道,能量和物质是可以转换的。微量的物质可以转换为令人难以置信的巨大核能。太阳利用氢气产生核能,但当氢气转化为能量,其质量也日益减少。【参考译文】Energyinnaturecomesinmanydifferentforms.Heatisaformofenergy.Alotofheatenergycomesfromthesun.Heatcanalsocomefromaforestfireor,inmuchsmallerquantities,fromthewarmbodyofananimal.Lightisanotherformofenergy.Italsocomesfromthesunandfromthestars.Someanimalsandevenplantsproducesmallamountsoflightenergy.Radiowavesandultravioletraysareotherformsofenergy.Thenthereiselectricity,whichisyetanothersortofenergy.Muchoftheenergyweuseathomecomesfromelectricity.Mostofthe

Earth’senergy—wind,waves,heatandlight—comesfromthesun.Thesunitselfispoweredbynuclearenergy.Therearesomethingsaboutenergythataredifficulttounderstand.Thefactthatitconstantlychangesfromonetoanothermakesenergyratherlikeadisguisedartist.Whenyouthinkyouknowwhatenergyis,suddenlyithaschangedintoatotallydifferentform.Butonethingiscertain:energyneverdisappearsand,equally,itneverappearsfromnowhere.Peopleusedtothinkthatenergyandmatterweretwocompletelydifferentthings.Wenowknowthatenergyandmatterareinterchangeable.Tinyamountsofmatterconvertintounbelievablyhugeamountsofnuclearenergy.Thesunproducesnuclearenergyfromhydrogengasand,daybyday,itsmassgetsless,asmatterisconvertedtoenergy.

2012年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.Back-translation(method)【答案】反译法2.TropicsofCancer【答案】北回归线3.Goldbachconjecture【答案】哥德巴赫猜想4.monopolisticpractice【答案】垄断性做法5.non-ferrousmetals

【答案】有色金属6.civilengineering【答案】土木工程7.massproduction【答案】大量生产8.carbonmonoxide【答案】一氧化碳9.purchaseorder【答案】订购单10.acertifiedcheck【答案】保兑支票11.seedcapital【答案】原始资本

12.InternationalUnderwritingAssociation【答案】国际保险协会13.IOC【答案】国际奥林匹克委员会(InternationalOlympicCommittee)14.FDA【答案】食品及药物管理局(FoodandDrugAdministration)15.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(WorldHealthOrganization)Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.抗震救灾【答案】earthquakerelief2.再生资源

【答案】renewableresources3.风险资本【答案】venturecapital4.知识产权【答案】intellectualproperty5.最惠国【答案】mostfavorednations6.按揭贷款【答案】mortgageloans7.水土流失【答案】soilerosion8.生态危机

【答案】ecologicalcrisis9.人民团体【答案】people’sorganization10.经济大国【答案】majoreconomy11.收购兼并【答案】mergerandacquisition12.互谅互让【答案】mutualunderstandingandmutualaccommodation13.强国之路【答案】theroadtoapowerfulnation14.城镇居民【答案】urbanresidents

15.贸易逆差【答案】tradedeficitⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)China’scurrentreputationforpowerbenefitsfromprojectionsaboutthefuture.SomeyoungChineseusetheseprojectionstodemandagreatershareofpowernow,andsomeAmericansurgepreparationforacomingconflictsimilartothatbetweenGermanyandBritainacenturyago.Oneshouldbeskepticalaboutsuchprojections.By1900,GermanyhadsurpassedBritaininindustrialpower,andtheKaiserwaspursuinganadventurousforeignpolicythatwasboundtobringaboutaclashwiththeothergreatpowers.Bycontrast,ChinastilllagsfarbehindtheUSeconomicallyandmilitarily,andhasfocuseditspoliciesprimarilyonitsregionandonitseconomicdevelopment.EvenifChinesegrossdomesticproductpassesthatoftheUSinabout2030(asGoldmanSachsprojects),thetwoeconomieswouldbeequivalentinsize,butnotequalincomposition.Chinawouldstillhaveavastunderdevelopedcountrysideanditwillbegintofacedemographicproblemsfromthedelayedeffectsofitsone-childpolicy.Moreover,ascountriesdevelop,thereisatendencyforgrowthratestoslow.AssumingChinesegrowthof6percentandAmericangrowthofonly2percentafter2030,ChinawouldnotequaltheUSinpercapitaincomeuntilsometimeinthesecondhalfofthecentury.

Percapitaincomeprovidesameasureofthesophisticationofaneconomy.WhileChina’simpressivegrowthratecombinedwiththesizeofitspopulationwillsurelyleadittopasstheUSeconomyintotalsize,thatisnotthesameasequality.AndsincetheUSisunlikelytobestandingstillduringthatperiod,ChinaisalongwayfromposingthekindofchallengetoAmericathattheKaiser’sGermanyposedwhenitpassedBritainatthestartofthelastcentury.Nonetheless,theriseofChinarecallsThucydides’(修昔得底斯)warningthatbeliefintheinevitabilityofconflictcanbecomeoneofitsmaincauses.【参考译文】当今中国“大国”之美誉得益于人们对其未来的预期。在这种预期下,中国的一些年轻人要求中国在国际舞台分享更多权利,而一些美国人则敦促要预防一个世纪前英德冲突在中美身上再度重演。人们应当对这种预期保持怀疑。1900年时,德国工业已经超越英国,同时德国皇帝奉行冒险的外交政策,这种外交政策必然导致与当时的其他大国的冲突。相比之下,今天的中国的经济、军事实力仍远远落后与美国,并且其政策重心乃是侧重在国内事务以及经济发展上。即使中国的国内生产总值能够如高盛所预期在2030年超越美国,这两个经济体也只是在规模上平起平坐,但经济构成仍有所差距。届时,中国国内仍然会有众多的不发达地区,并且独生子女政策的延缓效应带来的人口问题也会将显现。并且随着国家的发展,其增速会有放缓的效应。假设中国届时经济增速为6%,美国仅为2%,那么中国的人均收入在21世纪下半叶前仍不会超过美国。人均收入是衡量经济发展程度的一个指标。中国经济增长惊人,并拥有

庞大的人口,因此其经济总量必然会超过美国。但即便如此,这也并不意味着中国能与美国比肩。并且,在此期间美国也不会原地踏步,所以中国很难像20世纪初德国对英国那样,对美国形成类似的挑战。虽然如此,中国的崛起还是让我们想起了修昔得底斯的警告——认为冲突不可避免的想法反而会成为冲突的一个起因。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)为什么要保护方言?首先在于权利。任何一个小民族都有使用祖先传递给他们的语言的权利,因为,那几乎是他们最重要的特征。其次,这种保护对其他人,对全人类都有好处。文化是储藏和积淀在语言中。人类文化的多样性储藏在其多样的语言中。一个强健的生态系统必然是多样的,反过来这种多样性又可以帮助它适应和安度环境的变迁。正如同一个愚钝的村妇宁愿牺牲一点便利,也会拒绝将她的全部鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。中国的方言之多当居世界之最。道理很简单。广大地域中的长期社会历史生活必然形成多种语言。其特征是一个语种,诸多方言。各区域独特的文化便储藏在这无数支方言中。四川文化与四川方言,苏州文化与苏州方言,等等,都是交织在一起,互为表里,共存共荣的。如果有一天方言消失了,该地文化中的诸多内容都将随之流逝。【参考译文】Whyshoulddialectsbeprotected?Firstly,theirrightisatstake.Everyminoritycommunityisentitledtousethelanguageithasinheritedfromitsancestors,becauseitisthesingularemblemofitsethnicidentity.Secondly,protectingspeciesisasconducivetowildlifeandmankindassafeguarding

dialectsistolanguages.Culturesarereposedandaccumulatedinlanguages.Culturaldiversityentailslinguisticdiversity.Asoundecosystemispredicatedondiversity,anddiversityofferstheecosystemalternativestoadaptitselftothechangingenvironmentinverymuchthesamewayasacountrywomanchoosesnottoputallhereggsinonesinglebasket,evenifitmakesthingsalittleinconvenientforher.NonationinthisworldboastsasmanydialectsasChina,forthesimplereasonthattheimmensesocialandhistoricalmetamorphosisonitsvastterritoryisboundtoyieldacornucopiaofdialects.Onecharacteristicisthepresenceofnumerousdialectsundertheframeworkofthesamewrittenlanguage.Thecultureanddialectofthatregioninteract,complement,andcannotdowithouteachotherforsurvivalanddevelopment.ThisisthecasewithSichuan,Suzhou,oranyotherlocalities.Ifadialectvanishessomeday,asubstantialpartofwhatiscontainedinthelocalculturewillbegonewithit.

2013年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.grainreserves【答案】粮食储备2.FederalReservebank【答案】美国联邦储备银行3.COD【答案】货到付款(cashondelivery)4.foreignexchangereserve【答案】外汇储备5.arbitrationcommission

【答案】仲裁委员会6.IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织(InternationalMonetaryFund)7.OPEC【答案】石油输出国家组织(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)8.inaugurationceremony【答案】就职仪式9.nenvironmentaldegradation【答案】环境退化10.portdues【答案】港口税11.fundeddebt

【答案】长期债券12.dynamicequivalence【答案】动态对等13.legalinheritance【答案】法定继承14.cosmopolitancity【答案】国际都市15.cashcrops【答案】经济作物Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.市场准入【答案】marketaccess

2.自然保护区【答案】naturalreserve3.对口支援【答案】partnerassistance4.以人为本【答案】peopleoriented5.公务员【答案】civilservants6.自筹经费【答案】self-financing7.大众传媒【答案】massmedia8.上市公司

【答案】listedcompany9.风险评估【答案】riskassessment10.政府采购【答案】governmentprocurement11.认知能力【答案】cognitiveability12.剩余劳动力【答案】surpluslabor13.资产负债表【答案】balancesheet14.宏观调控

【答案】macroeconomicregulationandcontrol15.基础设施【答案】infrastructureⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Weareinveteratespectators.Largefractionsofourlivesarespentwatchingpeopleacting,competing,working,performing,orjustsimplyrelaxing.Norisourinterestconfinedtothehumanspectacle.Wearecaptivatedby‘things’aswell:pictures,sculptures,photographsofpastexperiences--allhavethepowertocaptureourattention.And,ifwecan’twatchreallife,thenwearedrawnintothevirtualworldsofthecinema,televisionpictures,andvideos.Youmayevenfindyourselfreadingabook.Whilesomepeopleareskilledinthecreationofinterestingsightsandsounds,othersaretrainedobservers.Theyseekoutunusualsights,orregistereventsthatmostofuswouldnevernotice.Some,withthehelpofartificialsensors,delvedeeperandrangefartherthanourunaidedsensesallow.Outofthesesensationshasemergedembroideryofartisticactivitiesthatareuniquelyhuman.But,paradoxically,fromthesamesourcehasflowedasystematicstudyofNaturethatwecallscience.Theircommonoriginsmayseemsurprisingtomany,becauseagreatgulfseemstoliebetweenthem,shoredupbyoureducationalsystemsandprejudices.Thesciencespaintanimpersonalandobjectiveaccountoftheworld,deliberatelydevoidof“meaning”,tellingusabouttheoriginsandmechanicsoflife,byrevealingnothingofthejoys

andsorrowsofliving.Bycontrast,thecreativeartsencodetheantithesisofthescientificworld-view:anuntrammelledcelebrationofthathumansubjectivitythatdividesusfromthebeasts;auniqueexpressionofthehumanmindthatsetsitapartfromtheunfeelingwhirlofelectronsandgalaxiesthatscientistsassureusisthewayoftheworld.【参考译文】我们生来就是看客,一生的大部分时间在看别人怎么做事,瞧着别人竞争、工作、表演,甚至看别人休闲。我们不仅对人感兴趣,我们也对物感兴趣,如:绘画、雕塑以及能留住往昔的摄影,所有这些都吸引着我们的注意。对于那些无法观察到的现实生活,我们则热衷于转向由电影、电视和录像所营造的虚拟世界,甚至还会发觉自己沉湎于书本之中。有些人擅长于创造出引人入胜的视觉形象和声音,有些人则善于观察。他们搜寻奇特的景观,或者记下大多数人从不经意的事情。借助于仪器,人的感知可以比原先延伸得更深更远。从这些感知中产生了只有人类才有的艺术夸张。然而奇怪的是在同样感知的基础上又出现了人对大自然的系统研究,我们谓之科学。艺术和科学竟同宗同源也许会使许多人感到惊讶,因为我们的教育体制和偏见告诉我们,这两者之间存在着巨大的鸿沟。科学以客观的语言描绘这个世界,故意隐去主观的“意义”,只讲生命起源与机制,不谈人生的快乐与忧伤。相反,想象力丰富的艺术构筑起科学世界观的对立面:它无拘无束地赞颂人类主观的一面,这正是人区别于动物之所在;它以独特的方式表现精神世界;它完全不同于科学家们笔下的世界——毫无情感的电子回旋和银河系。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)

如果说有一件事我可以断言的话,那就是一百年后我们还要看报。我并不是说报纸是生活中必不可少的东西,就是现在也有人主要从电视上得到消息或在开车或做别的事时,让收音机开着作为背景声音。许多人只在周六和周日才买报纸看。但对于大多数人来说,看报已成了一种代代相传的习惯。英国人的基本特性不会改变,而这特性之一就是,他们早晨刚起床时不太愿意与人说话。大清早若想给自己留一份清静,还有什么比埋头看报更好的办法呢?人类与报纸建立了非常亲密的关系,看报就像呼吸或沐浴阳光一样自然。我想,人们在谈到不同媒体之间的竞争时有理解上的错误。不同的媒体实际上是相互依赖、共同生存的。以前有人曾预言说电视会把报纸赶尽杀绝,可实际情况并非如此。印刷子在纸上的东西远比闪动在屏幕上的画面或消失在空中的声音更为持久。至于说到互联网,我可以这样说:只在屏幕上阅览绝不会给人以真正的满足。【参考译文】IfthereisonethingIcanassert,itisthatahundredyearslaterwehavetoreadthenewspaper.Iamnotsayingthatthenewspaperisanindispensablethinginlife,nowpeoplegetthemessagemainlyfromtheTVortheydrivethecarordosomethingelsewiththeradioonasabackgroundsound.ManypeopleonlybuynewspapersonSaturdaysandSundays.Butformostpeople,readingnewspapershasbecomeahabitpassingfromgenerationtogeneration.ThebasiccharacteroftheBritishwillnotchange,andoneofthefeaturesis

thattheydonotwanttotalkwithpeoplewhentheyjustgetupinthemorning.Ifyouwanttoleaveaquietplacetoyourselfearlyinthemorning,whatisabetterwaythanreadingthenewspaper?Humanandthenewspaperhaveestablishedaverycloserelationship,andreadingthenewspaperisasnaturalasbreathingorbathingthesun.Ithinkpeoplehavemisunderstandingswhentalkingaboutthecompetitionbetweendifferentmedia.Differentmediaareactuallyinterdependentandcoexistent.Someonehadpredictedthattelevisionwouldkillthenewspaperout,butthatwasnotthecase.Theprintedmatteronpaperlastsmuchlongerthantheflashingpictureonthescreenorthesoundthatdisappearsintheair.AsfortheInternet,Icansay:onlyreadingonthescreenwillnevergivepeoplearealsatisfaction.

2014年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.installmentplan【答案】分期付款方式2.videoondemand【答案】视频点播3.anti-dumpingmeasures【答案】反倾销措施4.customsdeclaration【答案】报关单5.demanddraft

【答案】即期汇票6.braindrain【答案】人才流失7.compulsoryeducation【答案】义务教育8.HubbleSpaceTelescope【答案】哈勃太空望远镜9.IntellectualPropertyRight【答案】知识产权10.retailprice【答案】零售价11.tollgate【答案】收费站

12.IvyLeague【答案】常春藤盟校13.tugofwar【答案】拔河比赛14.MomentinPeking【答案】《京华烟云》15.ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(InternationalStandardizationOrganization);国际科学组织(InternationalScienceOrganization)Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.公务员【答案】civilservants

2.自筹经费【答案】self-financing3.大众传媒【答案】massmedia4.三维空间【答案】three-dimensionalspace5.前沿技术【答案】cutting-edgetechnology6.国际惯例【答案】internationalcommonpractice7.正当权益【答案】legitimateinterests8.勇于创新

【答案】innovative9.义务兵役制【答案】compulsoryservicesystem10.义务教育【答案】compulsoryeducation11.隐性失业【答案】recessiveunemployment12.应试教育【答案】test-orientededucation13.影视文化【答案】screenculture14.硬通货

【答案】hardcurrency15.应急预案【答案】emergencyplanⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Personalitytestinghasgrownintoamajorindustryandisstandardprocedureinleadershipandmanagementcourses,aspartofjob-interviewprocesses,and,increasingly,incareercounseling.Butshouldwereallytrustsuchteststodeliverscientific,objectivetruth?Ihavesomebadnewsforyou:Eventhemostsophisticatedtestshaveconsiderableflaws.TaketheMyers-BriggsTypeIndicator(MBTI),theworld’smostpopularpsychometrictest,whichisbasedonJung’stheoryofpersonalitytypes.Overtwomillionareadministeredeveryyear.TheMBTIplacesyouinoneof16personalitytypes,basedondichotomouscategoriessuchaswhetheryouareanintrovertoranextrovert,orhaveadispositiontowardsbeinglogicaloremotional(whatitcalls“thinking”and“feeling”).Theinteresting—andsomewhatalarming—factabouttheMBTIisthat,despiteitspopularity,ithasbeensubjecttosustainedcriticismbyprofessionalpsychologistsforoverthreedecades.Oneproblemisthatitdisplayswhatstatisticianscalllow“test-retestreliability.”Soifyouretakethetestafteronlyafive-weekgap,there’sarounda50%chancethatyouwillfallintoadifferentpersonalitycategorycomparedtothefirsttimeyoutook

thetest.AsecondcriticismisthattheMBTImistakenlyassumesthatpersonalityfallsintomutuallyexclusivecategories.Youareeitheranextrovertoranintrovert,butneveramixofthetwo.Yetmostpeoplefallsomewhereinthemiddle,iftheMBTIalsomeasuredheight,youwouldbeclassifiedaseithertallorshort,eventhoughthemajorityofpeoplearewithinabandofmediumheight.Theconsequenceisthatthescoresoftwopeoplelabeled“introvert”and“extrovert”maybealmostexactlythesame,buttheycouldbeplacedintodifferentcategoriessincetheyfalloneithersideofanimaginarydividingline.【参考译文】个性测试现已发展成为一大产业,是领导力和管理课程的标准程序,它不仅是求职面试流程的组成部分,而且日益成为职业辅导不可或缺的内容之一。但我们是否真的应该相信这类测试能够揭示出科学且客观的真相?我有一些坏消息要告诉你:即使最复杂的测试也存在很大的缺陷。以迈尔斯-布里格斯类型指标(简称MBTI)为例。这种世界上最流行的心理测试的原理是荣格的性格类型理论,它每年大约被应用200多万次。MBTI测试通过二分法类别——比如你是一位性格内向者还是外向者,你的性情偏重于逻辑还是情绪(也就是它所称的“思维”和“感觉”)——来判定一个人属于16种性格类型的哪一种。关于MBTI测试有一个非常有趣,也有些令人担忧的事实。那就是,尽

管这种测试非常流行,但30多年来,心理学家对它的批评从未终止过。一大问题是,它显示出了一种被统计学家称为低“重测可靠度”的现象。比如说,如果你仅隔5周,再接受一次这种测试的话,你被归入一个不同于首次测试的性格类别的几率大约在50%左右。第二种批评意见是,MBTI测试错误地假设一个人的性格归属于相互排斥的类别。你要么是一个性格外向者,要么是一个性格内向者,但绝非两者的某种混合。然而,大多数人恰恰介于两者之间。要是MBTI也测量高度的话,你要么被列入“高大”,要么被列入“矮小”,尽管大多数人的个头都在中等高度区间内。结果是,两个被标为“内向”和“外向”的人的测试分数可能几乎完全一样,但由于他们分处一条假想边界线的两侧,他们或许会被归入不同的性格类别。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)我从乡下跑到京城里,转眼已经六年了。其间耳闻目睹的所谓国家大事,算起来也很不少;但在我心里,都不留什么痕迹,倘要我寻出这些事的影响来说,便只是增长了我的坏脾气——老实说,便是教我一天比一天的看不起人。但有件小事,却于我有意义,将我从坏脾气里拖开,使我至今忘记不得。这是民国六年的冬天,大北风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。一路几乎遇不见人,好容易才雇定了一辆人力车,教他拉到S门去。不一会,北风小了,路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快。刚近S门,忽而车把上带着一个人,慢慢地倒

了。跌倒的是一个女人,花白头发,衣服都很破烂。伊从马路上突然向车前横截过来;车夫已经让开道,但伊的破棉背心没有上扣,微风吹着,向外展开,所以终于兜着车把。幸而车夫早点儿停步,否则伊定要栽一个大斤斗,跌到头破血了。这事到了现在,还是时时记起。我因此也时时煞了苦痛,努力的要想到我自己。几年来的文治武力,在我早如幼小时候所读过的“子日诗云”一般,背不上半句了。独有这一件事,却总是浮在我眼前,有时反更分明,教我惭愧,催我自新,并且增长我的勇气和希望。【参考译文】SixyearshaveslippedbysinceIcamefromthecountrytothecapital.Duringthattimethenumberofso-calledaffairsofstateIhavewitnessedorheardaboutisfarfromsmall,butnoneofthemmademuchimpression.Ifaskedtodefinetheirinfluenceonme,Icanonlysaytheymademybadtemperworse.Franklyspeaking,theytaughtmetotakeapoorerviewofpeopleeveryday.However,onesmallincidentwhichstruckmeassignificantandjoltedmeoutofmyirritability,remainsfixedevennowinmymemory.Itwasthewinterof1917,astrongnorthwindwasblustering,buttheexigenciesofearningmylivingforcedmetobeupandoutearly.Imetscarcelyasoulontheroad,buteventuallymanagedtohirearickshawtotakemetoS-Gate.Presentlythewinddroppedalittle,havingblownawaythedriftsofdustontheroadtoleaveacleanbroadhighway,andtherickshawmanquickenedhispace.WewerejustapproachingS-Gatewhenweknocked

intosomeonewhoslowlytoppledover.Itwasagrey-hairedwomaninraggedclothes.Shehadsteppedoutabruptlyfromtheroadsideinfrontofus,andalthoughtherickshawmanhadswerved,hertatteredpaddedwaistcoat,unbuttonedandbillowinginthewind,hadcaughtontheshaft.Luckilytherickshawmanhadsloweddown,otherwiseshewouldcertainlyhavehadabadfallanditmighthavebeenaseriousaccident.Evennow,thisincidentkeepscomingbacktome.Itkeepsdistressingmeandmakesmetrytothinkaboutmyself.ThepoliticsandthefightingofthoseyearshaveslippedmymindascompletelyastheclassicsIreadasachild.Yetthissmallincidentkeepscomingbacktome,oftenmorevividthaninactuallife,teachingmeshame,spurringmeontoreform,andimbuingmewithfreshcourageandfreshhope.

2015年山东师范大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoChinese.(15points)1.foreignizingtranslation【答案】异化翻译2.contextualconsistency【答案】语境一致3.WutheringHeights【答案】《呼啸山庄》4.commencementceremony【答案】毕业典礼5.thinktank

【答案】智囊团6.governmentprocurement【答案】政府采购7.inauguraladdress【答案】就职演说8.thein-thing【答案】流行事物9.GazaStrip【答案】加沙地带10.SecurityCouncil【答案】联合国安全理事会11.theDeclarationofIndependence【答案】《独立宣言》

12.packedlikesardines【答案】挤得像沙丁鱼罐头一样;形容十分拥挤13.overthecounter【答案】非处方药14.FBI【答案】美国联邦调查局(FederalBureauofInvestigation)15.PearlS.Buck【答案】赛珍珠Ⅱ.Turnthefollowingterms,abbreviationsandpropernounsintoEnglish.(15points)1.填鸭式教育【答案】crammingmethodofteaching2.《黑奴吁天录》

【答案】UncleTom’sCabin3.脱产进修【答案】blockrelease4.政府采购【答案】governmentprocurement5.应试教育【答案】test-orientededucation6.文化底蕴【答案】culturaldeposits7.正式员工【答案】regularemployee8.对外文化宣传

【答案】internationalculturalpublicity9.以和为贵【答案】Harmonyisprecious10.小题大做【答案】makeafuss11.酒肉朋友【答案】fair-weatherfriends12.无期徒刑【答案】lifeimprisonment13.非正式会面【答案】informalget-togethersession14.定制公交【答案】customizedshuttlebus

15.单方面行动【答案】unilateralactionⅢ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoChinese.(60points)Strangeisoursituationhereuponearth.Eachofuscomesforashortvisit,notknowingwhy,yetsometimesseemingtodivineapurpose.Fromthestandpointofdailylife,however,thereisonethingwedoknowthatmanishereforthesakeofothermen—aboveallforthoseuponwhosesmileandwell-beingourownhappinessdepends,andalsoforthecountlessunknownsoulswithwhosefateweareconnectedbyabondofsympathy.ManytimesadayIrealizehowmuchmyownouterandinnerlifeisbuiltuponthelaborsofmyfellowmen,bothlivinganddead,andhowearnestlyImustexertmyselfinordertogiveinreturnasmuchasIhavereceived.MypeaceofmindisoftentroubledbythedepressingsensethatIhaveborrowedtooheavilyfromtheworkofothermen.Toponderinterminablyoverthereasonforone’sownexistenceorthemeaningoflifeingeneralseemstome,fromanobjectivepointofview,tobesheerfolly.Andyeteveryoneholdscertainidealsbywhichheguideshisaspirationandhisjudgment.Theidealswhichhavealwaysshonebeforemeandfilledmewiththejoyoflivingaregoodness,beauty,andtruth.Tomakeagoalofcomfortandhappinesshasneverappealedtome;asystemofethicsbuiltonthisbasiswouldbesufficientonlyforaherdofcattle.

Then,lastofall,Idesiderateurbanity.Ibelievethisistherarestqualityintheworld.Indeed,itprobablydoesnotexistanywhere.Areallyurbanepersonamortalopen-mindedandaffabletoconvictionofhisownshortcomingsanderrors,andunguidedinanythingbyirrationalblindprejudices—couldnotbutinaworldofmenandwomenberegardedasamonster.【参考译文】我们在这个世界上的处境是奇怪的:每个人,都是来做一次短暂的访问,不知道是为了什么。不过有时似乎也会觉察到有某种目的。但是从平日的生活来看,有一件事情我们是很清楚的:我们是为别人而活,最重要的是为了这些人活:他们的笑容和幸福构成了我们快乐的源泉。同时,我们活着还为了另外无数个不相识的生命,怜悯之心,将我们同他们的命运联系起来。每天,很多次,我都会意识到我的肉体生活和精神生活很大程度上是建立在那些活着的,和死去的人们的工作之上的,意识到我必须诚挚地、竭尽全力地努力去回报我所得到的东西。我经常心绪不宁,感觉自己从别人的工作里承袭了太多,这种感觉让我惴惴不安。总体上在我看来,从客观的角度,没完没了地思考自己为什么会存在,或者是生命有什么意义,是非常愚蠢的行为。不过,每个人都有一些理想,来指引着自己的抱负和辨别是非。始终在我面前闪耀着光芒,并且让我充满活着的喜悦的理想,是善、美和真理。对我来说,以舒适和享乐为目标的生活从来没有吸引力。以这些目标为基础建立起来的一套伦理观点只能满足一群牲畜的需要。最后我还祈求高雅。我认为高雅乃世间最珍贵的品质。其实然,高雅或许并不存在于现实之中。真正的高雅之士虚怀若谷,闻过则喜,不会被

非理性的盲目偏见所左右,而在这个被庸男俗女充斥的世界,这等高雅之士只能被视为怪物。Ⅳ.TurnthefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(60points)作为一种以巨大的经济力量为支撑的建筑物,摩天大楼常被民众和政客视为展示经济繁荣、社会进步的标志。有些经济学家则持完全相反的看法,认为摩天大楼的出现,特别是摩天大楼的纪录被刷新,往往预示着经济即将衰退。摩天大楼与经济危机的关联如此密切,很难用巧合来理解,那么究竟是什么原因让经济危机总是与摩天大楼如影随形呢?首先,人性使然。人性当中有盲目自信的面。具体体现在对客观事物认识不足,偏执于对事物的主观看法上。劳伦斯把他发现的经济危机与摩天大楼的联系称为“百年病态关联”,但此类现象,在人类社会中又何止只存在了百年。以史为鉴,我们不难发现,在我国历史的长河中,此类现象早有体现。商朝兴盛时,纣王兴建造鹿台,引得民怨四起最终于鹿台自焚;清代鼎盛时,乾隆帝大举修建园林,导致国力衰落最终丧权辱国。其次,利益推动。在商业行为中,逐利是前提条件。在经济繁荣之前,通常有一个低利率的过程。而在经济繁荣的过程中,利率相对于人们对于未来收益的预期来说,一直都是低的。就像日有昼夜、季有冬夏一样,经济也是存在景气周期的。任何商品的价格,都会受到供需关系的影响,否极泰来,盛极而衰。【参考译文】

Asabuildingupheldbyatremendouseconomicforce,theskyscraperisoftenviewedbythemassesandpoliticiansasasigndemonstratingeconomicprosperityandsocialadvancement.Butsomeeconomistsownthecompletelyoppositethoughts,whosupposethaterectingoftheskyscrapers,especiallybreakingtheirrecords,alwaysforeshowsthebefallingofrecessionontotheeconomy.Skyscraperhassuchacloserelationshipwiththeeconomiccrisis,whichitishardtointerpretwiththewordingofcoincidence.Thenwhatisthereasontomakebothgettogetherasshadowsforeachother?First,it’sthehumannaturethatmakesit.Insidethehumannatureexistsanaspectofblindconfidence,whichembodiesindetailinthedeficiencyofrecognitionfortheobjectivethingsandpartialityofthesubjectiveviewstowardsthethings.Lawrencecalledtheconnectionbetweeneconomiccrisisandskyscraperas“centurymorbidrelevancy”.Butasforthiskindofphenomenon,ithassustainedfarmorethanonlyonecenturyinthecommunityofhumanbeing.Mirroringfromhistory,wewillneverbediffi

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