拉丁美洲登革热情况分析报告-外文版培训课件

POLITICS

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SOCIETYDengueinLatinAmericaCHAPTER

01OverviewDeadliestanimalsworldwidebyannualnumberofhumandeathsasof2022*Deadliestanimalsgloballybyannualnumberofhumandeaths2022Annualnumberofhumandeaths400,000

600,0000200,000800,0001,000,0001,200,000MosquitoesSnakes1,000,000100,000Dogs30,00020,00012,00010,0002,5001,000700FreshwatersnailsAssassinbugsTsetseFliesAscarisroundwormsCrocodilesTapewormsHippopotamusesElephants500500Lions250AfricanCapeBuffalosDeer200100Bees1003Description:Thedeadliestanimalsintheworldbasedonthenumberofhumandeathsperyearisnotacreaturethathumansusuallyfindscary,suchasalionorsnake.Mosquitosarebyfarthedeadliestcreatureintheworldwhenitcomestoannualhumandeaths,causingaroundonemilliondeathsperyear,comparedto100,000deathsfromsnakesand250fromlions.Perhapssurpringly,dogsarethethirddeadliestanimaltohumans.Dogsareresponsibleforaround30,000humandeathsperyear,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;asof2022;*Figuresrepresentthehighestestimatesforeachcreature.ReadmoreSource(s):FAR&WIDEKeyfiguresondengueworldwideasof2023Keyfiguresondengueworldwide2023IndicatorValue6.5Reportedcasesworldwide(inmillions)Reporteddeathsworldwide(in1,000s)Peopleatriskofinfection(inbillions)Endemiccountries7.33.91004Description:In2023,approximately6.5millioncasesofdenguewerereportedworldwideaswellas7,300deaths.Asofthatyear,itisestimatedthatclosetofourbillionpeopleareatriskofinfection.Thediseaseisendemicinover100countries.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Asof2023Source(s):Varioussources;WHONumberofreporteddenguecasesworldwidein2000,2019,and2023(inmillions)Numberofdenguecasesreportedworldwidein2000,2019,and202376543216.55.20.502000201920235Description:Thenumberofdenguecasesreportedworldwidereachedapproximately6.5millionin2023.Incomparison,casesreportedin2000amountedtoaround500,000.Duringthelastyeardepicted,theregionthatrecordedthehighestnumberofcaseswastheregionoftheAmericas.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000,2019,and2023Source(s):Varioussources;WHONumberofreporteddenguecasesworldwidein2023,byregionDenguecasesreportedworldwidein2023,byregion4,500,0004,100,0004,000,0003,500,0003,000,0002,500,0002,000,0001,500,0001,000,000500,000500,0000171,991Africa128AmericasWesternPacificEurope6/statistics/1463606/number-reported-dengue-cases-by-region-worldwideIn2023,theAmericasreportedthehighestnumberofdenguecasesworldwide.ByDecember11,theregionhadrecordedoverfourmillioncases.WithinꢀtheAmericas,thecountriesmostaffectedbydenguearelocatedintheCentralandSouthernregion.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;datafromJanuarytoDecember2023;theexactdatevariesfromregiontoregionSource(s):Varioussources;WHODistributionoftotalglobalfundingonresearchanddevelopmentforselecteddiseasesfrom2020to2022DistributionoftotalfundingonR&Dforselecteddiseases2020-2022202035%202135%202234%18%15%4%HIV/AIDSTuberculosis17%17%Malaria16%15%DiarrhoealdiseasesKinetoplastidaWormsandflukesDengue3.8%3.7%1.9%1.9%1.9%1.7%0.5%0.4%0.4%0.2%3.3%3.2%2.1%1.9%1.7%1.5%0.4%0.4%0.4%0.2%3.2%2.6%2.1%2%SalmonellainfectionsBacterialpneunomia/meningitisHepatitisB1.2%0.8%0.5%0.4%0.3%SnakebiteenvenomingHepatitisCLeprosy7Description:Thestatisticshowsthedistributionoftotalglobalfundingonresearchanddevelopmentforselecteddiseasesfrom2020to2022.In2022,theshareoffundingonresearchanddevelopmentonHIVandAIDSamountedto34percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):PolicyCuresCHAPTER

02CasesNumberofdenguecasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanfrom2016toApril2024(in1,000s)DenguecasesinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2016-20247,0006,0005,0005,928.914,475.384,0003,174.562,891.012,808.73,0002,0001,00002,265.461,264.882021829.262017756.682018201620192020202220232024*9Description:FromJanuarytoApril2024,thenumberofdenguecasesreportedinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanhadalreadysurpassed2023figures,withnearlysixmillion.Thisisthehighestnumberofdengueinfectionsregisteredintheregionduringtheperiodanalyzed.Byfar,thismosquito-bornediseaseismoreprevalentinBrazilthaninanyothercountryinLatinAmerica.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2016to2024;includingseveredenguecases;*AsofApril2024.

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Figureswerecalculatedbybasedonthedataprovidedbythe[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):PAHO;VarioussourcesNumberofdenguecasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanfromJanuarytoApril2024,bycountry(in1,000s)DenguecasesinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2024,bycountryNumberofcasesinthousands2,000

2,500

3,00005001,0001,5003,5004,0004,5005,0005,500BrazilArgentinaParaguayPeruColombia4,960.93315.94234.37155.27103.3255.95MexicoBoliviaEcuador25.3619.1517.3413.1812.577.56NicaraguaHondurasGuatemalaDominicanRepublicCostaRica6.9410Description:AsofApril2024,BrazilistheLatinAmericancountrywiththehighestnumberofdengueinfectionsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,havingregisteredclosetofivemillioncasessincethebeginningoftheyear.ArgentinaandParaguayfollowed,with316,000and234,000dengueinfections,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;JanuarytoApril2024;includingseveredenguecasesSource(s):PAHO;VarioussourcesNumberofdenguecasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanfromJanuarytoApril2024,bycountry(per100,000people)DenguecasesincidencerateinLatinAmerica2024,bycountryNumberofcasesper100,000people05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,500ParaguayBrazil3,102.572,318.27ArgentinaPeru692.76465.46BarbadosSaintKittsandNevisNicaraguaBolivia311.26275.93258.71214.35201.54131.87ColombiaCostaRicaHondurasPanama130.95116.54107.06Ecuador11Description:AsofApril2024,Paraguayhadthehighestincidencerateofdenguecasesper100,000peopleamongallLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountries.Duringthatperiod,Paraguayreportedapproximately3,102casesper100,000people.BrazilandArgentinafollowed,withapproximately2,300and693casesper100,000people,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):CentralandSouthAmerica;JanuarytoApril2024;considersalldenguecases:suspected,probable,confirmed,non-severeandseverecases,anddeathsSource(s):PAHO;VarioussourcesNumberofdenguecasesinBrazilfrom2014toApril2024(per100,000people)DenguecasesincidencerateinBrazil2014-20242,5002,0001,5002,318.271,443.511,104.471,078.481,059.551,0005000809.72015703.682020455.842021292.562014241.412017219.25201820162019202220232024*12Description:TheincidencerateofdenguecasesinBrazilshowedconsiderablefluctuationsovertheanalyzedperiod.FromJanuarytoApril2024,theratemountedtoapproximately2,300casesper100,000people,markingaseven-foldincreasecomparedto2014.BrazilisthecountrywiththehighestincidenceofdenguecasesinLatinAmerica.ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;2014to2024;asofeachyear'slastepidemiologicalweek;considersalldenguecases:suspected,probable,confirmed,non-severeandseverecases,anddeaths;*AsofApril2024.

Thesourcedoesnotspecifythedateofpublication.[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):PAHO;VarioussourcesNumberofdenguecasesinArgentinafrom2014toApril2024(per100,000people)DenguecasesincidencerateinArgentina2014-2024800700600500400692.76285.68300181.212001000132.8220207.8211.3220154.097.218.711.261.64201420162017201820192021202220232024*13Description:Between2014and2023,theincidencerateofdenguecasesinArgentinafluctuatedfromyeartoyear,withthreepeaksthatoccurredintheyearsof2016,2020,and2023,wherecasesamountedto181.21,132.82,and285.68casesper100,00people,respectively.AsofApril2024,theincidencerateofdenguecasesinthecountryincreasedto692.76per100,000people.ReadmoreNote(s):Argentina;2014to2024;asofeachyear'slastepidemiologicalweek;considersalldenguecases:suspected,probable,confirmed,non-severeanasofeachyear'slastepidemiologicalweek;considersalldenguecases:suspected,probable,[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):PAHO;VarioussourcesCHAPTER

03DeathsNumberofdeathsduetodengueinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanfrom2016toApril2024DeathsduetodengueinLatinAmerica2016-20242,5002,0002,2762,1931,8231,5001,2871,0079801,0005000435345328201620172018201920202021202220232024*15Description:ThenumberofdeathsduetodenguefeverinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanamountedto2,276in2023,nearlydoublingtheoccurrencesreportedayearbefore.FromJanuarytoApril2024,thenumberofreporteddeathsfromthediseaseintheregionwasalreadyhigherthanin2022.ꢀBrazilregisteredthemostdenguecasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2016to2024;includingdeathsfromseveredengue;*AsofApril2024.

FigureswerecalculatedbySource(s):PAHO;

Varioussources(HealthInformationPlatformfortheAmericas(PLISA))basedonthedataprovidedbythesource.ꢀ

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Theserotypesincludedvaryfromcountrytocountry.

ReadmoreNumberofdeathsduetodengueinselectedcountriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanfromJanuarytoApril2024,bycountryDeathsduetodengueinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2024,bycountryNumberofdeaths02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,800BrazilArgentinaPeru1,657228130ParaguayColombiaEcuadorMexico67332314HondurasGuatemalaPanamaBolivia10999SurinameUruguay3116Description:AsofApril2024,BrazilwasthecountrythatregisteredthehighestnumberofdeathsduetodengueamongselectedcountriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeansincethebeginningoftheyear,withatotalof1,657fatalcases.ArgentinaandPerufollowed,with228and130deathsreported,respectively.Thatsameyear,ꢀBrazilhadthehighestnumberofdengueinfectionsinLatinAmerica.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;JanuarytoApril2024Source(s):PAHO;Varioussources(HealthInformationPlatformfortheAmericas(PLISA))NumberofdeathsduetodengueinBrazilfrom2017toMay2024DeathsduetodengueinBrazil2017-20242,5002,0002,1491,5001,1791,0161,000782554500240155137020172018201920202021202220232024*17Description:FromJanuarytoMay2024,thenumberofconfirmeddeathsduetodenguefeverinBrazilamountedto2,149cases,thehighestvaluereportedduringtheanalyzedperiod.Thisrepresentsamarkedincreaseincomparisontothepreviousyear.Incontrast,thelowestnumberofdeathsduetothediseasereachedaround137casesin2017.Brazilhasseenasubstantialincreaseindenguecasesin2023and2024,withanincidenceratesurpassingthe2,300casesper100,000peopleasofApril[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;2017toMay2024;asoflastepidemiologicalweekavailable;*AsofMay2024.

Figurespriorto2023wereretrievedfromearlierepidemiologicalreportspublishedbythesource.ꢀ

Denguetransmissionhasaseasonalandcyclic[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):MinistériodaSaúde(Brazil)NumberofdeathsduetodengueinArgentinafrom2020toApril2024DeathsduetodengueinArgentina2020-202430027025020015010075500260020202021202220232024*18Description:FromJanuarytoApril2024,thenumberofconfirmeddeathsduetodengueinArgentinaamountedto270.Thisrepresentsasignificantincreaseincomparisontopreviousyears.FromJanuarytoDecember2023,deathsduetothediseasereached75cases.In2021and2022,nodeathsduetodenguewerereportedinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Argentina;2020toApril2024;asofthelastepidemiologicalweekforeachyear;*AsofApril2024.ꢀ

Figurespriorto2024wereretrievedfromearlierpublicationsofthereport.

Denguetransmissionhasaseasonalandcycliccomponent,[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):MinisteriodeSalud(Argentina)NumberofdeathsduetodengueinfectioninPerufrom2012toApril2024DeathsduetodengueinPeru2012-202450044145040035030025020015010050162898684524543373428181502012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024*19Description:FromJanuarytoApril2024,thenumberofdeathsduetodengueinPeruamountedto162cases.Thisfigureisthesecond-highestnumberofdeathsattributabletodengueintheSouthAmericancountrysince2012andpartofarecentoutbreakrecordedsincethepreviousyear.In2023,deathsduetothediseaseamountedto441.Asof2022,only0.31percentofindividualswithdengueꢀinPerureportedhavingseverecomplications,whilethevastmajoritywereasymptomatic.

ReadmoreNote(s):Peru;2012toApril2024;asofepidemiologicalweek52;*Asofepidemiologicalweek16.

Figurespriorto2017wereretrievedfrompreviousreports.

Denguetransmissionhasaseasonalandcycliccomponent,withcertainmonths[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):MinisteriodeSalud(Peru)CHAPTER

04RiskfactorsPhysicalexposuretovector-bornediseasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,bycountryVector-bornediseaseriskindexinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2023,bycountryPhysicalexposureindexscore012345678910BrazilVenezuelaSurinameGuyana98.78.68.48.38.2HaitiNicaraguaColombiaCuba8.28.2HondurasDominicanRepublicParaguay87.87.87.77.7PanamaElSalvador21Description:BrazilandVenezuelaarethecountrieswiththehighestriskofvector-bornediseasesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Basedonanindexscorecalculatedin2023,thesecountrieshadarespectiveriskofnineand8.7forvector-bornediseasessuchastheZikavirusandtheDenguefever.Surinamerankedthirdintheregion,withanestimatedriskscoreof8.6,followedbyGuyanawith8.4points.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionPhysicalexposuretoepidemicsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,bycountryEpidemicriskindexinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2023,bycountryPhysicalexposureindexscore012345678HaitiNicaragua7.36.2Brazil6DominicanRepublicVenezuela5.85.85.7SurinameHonduras5.75.7JamaicaMexicoColombiaTrinidadandTobagoPanama5.65.55.55.45.4Ecuador22Description:HaitiisthecountrymostpronetosufferingepidemicsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.Accordingtoariskindexcalculatedbasedontheestimatednumberofpeopleexposedtothistypeofeventperyear,Haitifacedariskof7.3pointsin2023.Nicaraguahadthesecondhighestscore,withanepidemicriskindexof6.2.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionPhysicalexposuretofloodsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,bycountryFloodingriskindexinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2023,bycountryPhysicalexposureindexscore012345678910SurinameBelize8.68.4Brazil8.1Mexico7.2ColombiaEcuadorArgentinaPeru6.86.76.56.4VenezuelaChile5.65.6Bolivia5.5NicaraguaGuatemala5.15.123Description:SmallcontinentalstatesSurinameandBelizewerethecountriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanwiththehighestfloodriskin2023.Accordingtoaphysicalriskindex,basedontheestimatednumberofpeopleexposedtothistypeofeventperyear,Surinamereceivedariskscoreof8.6points.NeighboringBrazilrankedthird,withanindexof8.1.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionPhysicalexposuretotropicalcyclonesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanin2023,bycountryHurricaneriskindexinLatinAmerica&theCaribbean2023,bycountryPhysicalexposureindexscore012345678910BahamasAntiguaandBarbudaCuba8.88.48DominicanRepublicMexico7.97.77.6DominicaHaitiBelizeJamaica7.27.27.2SaintKittsandNevisSaintLuciaVenezuela6.94.74.64.6Barbados24Description:Accordingtotheirphysicalexposuretotropicalcyclones,theBahamasandAntiguaandBarbudawerethecountriesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanwhichfacedthehighesthazardtothistypeofstormsin2023.Theriskindexiscalculatedbasedontheestimatednumberofpeopleexposedtotropicalcyclonesperyear.Cubaalsostoodhighintheranking,withahazardandexposureindexof8points.ReadmoreNote(s):March2023Source(s):EuropeanCommissionStandarddeviationofthemostextremeheatwaveeventsworldwidebetween1950and2022,byregion(indegreesCelsius)Extremeheatwaveeventsstandarddeviationglobally1950-2022,byregionStandarddeviationindegreesCelsius0.00.51.00.91.52.02.53.03.54.024April1998SoutheastAsia24January2016SouthwesternPeru0.513July1980USA(Alabama,Florida,Georgia,andMississippi)16November1989SouthernBrazil1.71.91.97October2020SoutheastBrazil7July2019USA(SouthernAlaska)2.414June1969Canada(Yukon)3.230June2021Canada(Alberta)3.425Description:Between1950and2022,theheatwaveeventthatstruckAlbertainCanadainJune2021wasthemostextremeintermsofstandarddeviationfromaveragetemperatureconditions.On30June2021,theheatwaveeventrecordedhadastandarddeviationof3.4degreesCelsius.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1950to2022;valueshavebeennormalizedtoaccountforclimatechangetrendssoastoincludemajorheatwavesfrom1950topresent.Source(s):CarbonBrief;Experte(n)(Thompsonetal(2022));WorldEconomicForumCHAPTER

05ResponsecapacityLeadingcountriesbasedontheGlobalHealthSecurity(GHS)IndexinLatinAmericain2021GHSIndexinLatinAmerica2021,bycountryIndexscore(0-100)3001020405060MexicoChile5756.2Peru54.954.453.553.2ArgentinaPanamaColombiaBrazil51.250.8EcuadorCostaRicaElSalvador40.840.827Description:In2021,MexicowastheLatinAmericancountrywiththehighestoverallGlobalHealthSecurity(GHS)Indexscore,with57pointsoutofatotalof100.Incomparison,theUnitedStates,thebest-ratedcountryworldwide,hadascoreof75.9.TheGlobalHealthSecurityIndexmeasuresacountry'sreadinesstoprevent,detectandrespondtobiologicalthreats.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2021;BasedontheoverallscoreSource(s):GHSIndexLeadingcountriesinpreventingtheemergenceorreleaseofpathogensinLatinAmericain2021GHSIndexpreventionepidemics2021Indexscore(0-100)3001020405060ColombiaEcuadorBrazil50.950.549.7Chile47.2UruguayPanamaMexicoArgentinaParaguayPeru45.342.341.941.540.537.728Description:In2021,ColombiawastheLatinAmericancountrywiththehighestGlobalHealthSecurity(GHS)Indexscoreinthecategoryofprevention,with50.9pointsoutofatotalof100.Incomparison,theUnitedStates,thebest-ratedcountryworldwide,hadascoreof79.4.TheGlobalHealthSecurityIndexmeasuresacountry'sreadinesstoprevent,detectandrespondtobiologicalthreats.Thecategoryofpreventionconsidersaspectssuchasantimicrobialresistance,zoonoticdiseases,biosecurity,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2021;Basedontheglobalhealthsecurityindex,categorypreventionSource(s):GHSIndexLeadingcountriesindetectingepidemicsandpandemicsinLatinAmericain2021GHSIndexdetectionepidemicsLatinAmerica2021Indexscore(0-100)300102040506058.157.957.870ChileColombiaPeruArgentinaMexico56.754.353.652.551.550.4BrazilElSalvadorEcuadorPanamaHaiti38.329Description:In2021,ChilewastheLatinAmericancountrywiththehighestoverallGlobalHealthSecurity(GHS)Indexscoreinthecategoryofdetection,with58.1pointsoutofatotalof100.Incomparison,Thailand,thebest-ratedcountryworldwide,hadascoreof91.5.TheGlobalHealthSecurityIndexmeasuresacountry'sreadinesstoprevent,detectandrespondtobiologicalthreats.ReadmoreNote(s):LAC;2021;Basedontheglo