新高考新教材适用2025版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练六推理判断题-文章出处类

考点分类练(六)推理推断题——文章出处类A(2024广东汕头高三一模)WhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.Itwasnotuntillastyear,aftersheparticipatedinarealityshowandbecamearestaurantserver,thathersituationbegantoimprovedramatically.TherestaurantinShanghaiwheresheworksistheForgetMeNotCafe.ItsharesthegoalofprovidingjobopportunitiesforelderlypeoplewhohaveAlzheimer’sdiseaseorothercognitiveimpairments.“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu,”saidZhu,whohascometotherestaurantthreetimesaweeksinceFebruaryandworksthreehoursaday.“Thecolleaguestakegoodcareofus.Theyneverallowustodeliverhotdishessuchassoups.Theguestsarealsoverytolerantofus,becausesometimeswemakemistakes.”Becauseofmemoryloss,Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshewantstorememberonstickynotes,suchasthenamesofthevolunteersandteachersaswellasEnglishwords.“Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentactuallyrefuseandfeartocommunicatewithsocietybutthiswillworsentheircondition,”sheadded.“Withtheweakeningofbrainfunction,theymaygraduallylosememoryandtheabilitytotakecareofthemselvesandmightevenseethelossofemotions.”Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.AsChinafacesanagingpopulation,theincreasingnumberofseniorswithcognitiveimpairmenthasbecomeasignificantsocialissue.“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholesocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.Theneighborhoodcommitteealwayschecksonoursituationandwatchesforotherelderlypeoplewithsymptoms,”Zhusaid.1.WhatcanweknowaboutZhuCaiping?A.Shealwaysmademistakesatwork.B.Shemadeeffortstobeequaltothejob.C.Shewasafull-timerestaurantserverinaShanghaicafé.D.Shewasoneofthosesufferingfromseverecognitiveimpairment.2.Howmightpeoplewithcognitiveimpairmentfeel?A.Forgetfulandupset.B.Anxiousbutlucky.C.Tolerantandcareful.D.Indifferentbutenergetic.3.Whyisinformationaboutcognitiveimpairmentpostedoutsidetherestaurant?A.Toprovidetreatmentforthesick.B.Toseekapprovalfromthecitizens.C.Tooffertheelderlyjobopportunities.D.Toequippeoplewithrelevantknowledge.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperthepassagemostlikelybefound?A.Health. B.Society.C.Culture. D.Business.B(2024广东广州高三调研测试)Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep,listenup.Youmightfallasleep15minutesearlierandwakeupfarlessduringthenightifyouputonapairofsocksatbedtime.Tounderstandwhy,youfirstneedtograsptherelationshipbetweencorebodytemperatureandsleep.Duringdaylighthours,thehumanbodyhasanaveragetemperatureof37℃.Butyourcorebodytemperaturedropsasmuchas1.2℃overonenight’ssleep.Thisgradualdecreaseisakeypartofhowwesleep.Putsimply,thefasteryoucanloweryourcorebodytemperature,thefasteryouwillfallasleep.Onewaythatyourbodycontrolsitstemperatureisthroughbloodvessels(血管)intheskin.Ifyourbodyistoohot,yourbloodvesselswiden,pushingthewarmerbloodnearertheskin’ssurface,helpingittocool.Ifyourbodyistoocold,theoppositehappens.Yourbloodvesselsnarrow,restrictingtheflowofbloodtothesurface.Thepalmsofyourfeetareoneofyourbody’smostefficientheatexchangers,sincetheyarehairlessandlessprotectedthanotherskinsurfaces.Researchershaveshownthatwarmingthefeetbeforegoingtosleepusingawarmfootbathorbywearingsockspromotesbloodvesselwidening,whichinturnlowersthebody’scoretemperaturefasterthangoingtosleepwithcold,barefeet.Scientistssuspectthatsockedfeethaveasleep-benefitingeffectonthebrainaswell.Thewarm-sensitiveneurons(神经元)inthebrainbecomemoreactivewhenthere’satemperaturedifferencebetweenthebody’scoreandthefeet.Researchershavefoundthattheseneuronsbecomemoreactiveaswegetsleepyandslowdownaswewakeup,sothatwarmingupthefeetbeforebedtimemaygivethemanextradrive,makingyoufeelsleepier.Inasmallstudy,researchersfoundthatwearingapairofspecial“sleepingsocks”notonlyspedupthecomingofsleep,butincreasedoverallsleeptimebyanaverageof30minutesandcutnighttimewakingepisodesinhalf.Ifyou’reworriedaboutbecomingtoowarm,lookforsocksmadeofnaturalfibers.5.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthistext?A.Advertisement. B.Lifestyle.C.Opinion. D.Trend.6.Whatchangedoeswarmfeetbringtothebody?A.Slowedbrainreaction.B.Narrowedbloodvessels.C.Reducedcorebodytemperature.D.Decreasedbloodpressure.7.Howmightthebrain’swarm-sensitiveneuronshelpsleep?A.Theymighthelptowarmupthefeet.B.Theymightspeeduptemperaturegrowth.C.Theymightslowdownthebrain’sbloodflow.D.Theymightbringonsleepinesswhenactivated.8.Whatisthefindingofthesmallstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Thewarmthofsocksdependsontheirmaterial.B.Peoplewearingsocksfallasleep50percentfaster.C.Specialsocksincreasetemperaturemoreeffectively.D.Sockwearinghelpspeoplesleeplongerandwakeless.C(2024江淮十校高三第三次联考)Bybeingabletowaitforbetterfood,cuttlefishshowedself-controlthat’slinkedtothehigherintelligence.ItwaspartofanexperimentbyAlexSchnellfromtheUniversityofCambridgeandcolleagues.“Whatsurprisedmemostwasthelevelofself-controlshownbycuttlefish,”shetellsWeekendEdition.Theexperimentwasessentiallyatakeontheclassic“marshmallow(棉花软糖)”experimentfromthe1960s.Inthatexperiment,youngchildrenwerepresentedwithonemarshmallowandtoldthatiftheycanresisteatingitforseveralminutes,theywillgettwomarshmallows.Butiftheyeatit,that’salltheyget.Thechildrenwhoareabletodelaysatisfactiondobetterontestsandaremoresuccessfullaterinlife.Toadapttheexperimentforcuttlefish,theresearchersfirstfiguredoutthecuttlefish’sfavoritefood:livegrassshrimp;andtheirsecond-favoritefood:apieceofkingprawn.Insteadofchoosingoneortwomarshmallows,thecuttlefishhadtochooseeithertheirfavoritefoodorsecond-favoritefood.Eachofthefooditemswasplacedinaclearboxwithintheirtank.Oneboxwouldopenimmediately,whiletheotherboxwouldonlyopenafteradelay.Itessentiallytestedwhethertheycouldresistthetemptation(诱惑)oftheirsecondpreferencefoodandwaitfortheirpreferredfood.Thecuttlefishlearnedtowait.“Animalslikeratsandpigeonsfinditdifficulttoresisttemptation,onlywaitingforseveralseconds,”Schnellsays,“whileanimalssuchaschimpanzeesandparrotsshowmoreadvancedself-controlandwaituptoseveralminutes.Andthecuttlefishinourstudywaiteduptobetween50to130seconds.”Animalsthatareabletoexerciseself-controlinthiswayhaveadvantages.Forexample,animalscanhidefoodtoeatlater.Incuttlefish,Schnellthinksthedelayedsatisfactionrelatestotheirlifestyle.“Individualswhowaitforbetter-qualitypreycouldfindfoodmoreefficientlyandlimittheirexposuretopredators(捕食者),”Schnellwrites.9.Whydoesthewritermentiontheexperimentconductedinthe1960s?A.Tohighlighttheintelligenceofhumans.B.Toofferstatisticstotheexperimentforcuttlefish.C.Toshowthedifferencesbetweenhumansandanimals.D.Toprovidesupportingbackgroundinformationforthefollowingexperiment.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentforcuttlefishfromthepassage?A.Theboxwithcuttlefish’sfavoritefoodwouldn’topeninstantly.B.Thecuttlefishhadtochoosebetweenthefoodtheylikedanddisliked.C.Cuttlefishcouldnotwaittoeattheirfavouritefoodimmediately.D.Thefoodwasputatthesameplaceforcuttlefishtochoosefrom.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Cuttlefishisprobablybornwiththeabilitytoresisttemptation.B.Itisadisadvantageforanimalstoexercisetoomuchself-control.C.CuttlefishmaybelessintelligentthanChimpanzees.D.Wemusttakeimmediatemeasurestoprotectcuttlefish.12.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?A.Inapersonaldiary.B.Inatravelmagazine.C.Inasciencereport.D.Inageographytextbook.

考点分类练(六)推理推断题——文章出处类【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了一位患有轻度认知障碍的老人通过在餐馆服务使病情得到改善的故事。文章呼吁社会关切和供应机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。1.B解析:细微环节理解题。由第三段中的“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu”和第四段中的“Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshe...”可知,她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作,故选B项。2.B解析:细微环节理解题。由第一段中的“shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife”和最终一段中的“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholesocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.”可知,患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑,但同时也感到幸运,因为有全社会的关切,故选B项。3.D解析:细微环节理解题。由倒数其次段中的“Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.”可知,张贴有关认知障碍的信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关内容,故选D项。4.B解析:推理推断题。通读全文并可知,本文讲解并描述一位老人通过在餐馆服务使病情得到改善的故事,文章呼吁社会关切和供应机会帮助患有认知障碍的人,属于社会层面的话题,应出现在报纸的社会栏目,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了专家们的一个新的探讨发觉——穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠。5.B解析:推理推断题。由全文可知,作者介绍了专家的探讨发觉,告知大家“穿袜子睡觉有助于睡眠”,由此推知本文最可能出现在报纸的“生活方式”板块,故选B项。6.C解析:细微环节理解题。由第四段中的“warmingthefeetbeforegoingtosleepusingawarmfootbathorbywearingsockspromotesbloodvesselwidening,whichinturnlowersthebody’scoretemperature”可知,暖脚带给身体的改变是“体核温度降低”,故选C项。7.D解析:细微环节理解题。由题干中“brain’swarm-sensitiveneurons”将答案定位在第五段,依据“theseneuronsbecomemoreactiveaswegetsleepyandslowdownaswewakeup,sotha