国家开放大学本科《管理英语3》一平台机考第三大题阅读选择题库

PAGEPAGE13国家开放大学本科《管理英语3》一平台机考题库第三大题阅读理解选择题题库说明：资料整理于2024年7月25日，适用于国家开放大学本科学员一平台期末机考考试。本大题共包含5小题，每小题4分，共计20分。阅读短文，从A、B、C三个选项中选择一个正确答案。首字母AAsyouresearchmusic,youwillfindmusicthatisfamiliartoyou.Youwillfindmusicwhichtellsofinterestingplacesandexcitingthingstodo.Youwillfindmusicwhichexpressesfeelingsthatareoftenyourown.Musicisanexpressionofthepeople.Asyouresearch,youwillfindmusicofpeopleatworkandplay.Youwillfindmusicexpressingloveofthecountry,loveofnature,andloveofhomeMusicisalsoanexpressionofthecomposer.Thecomposerexpresseshisownmusicalideas.Hestudiesthematerialsofmusicanddiscoverswaysofusingthem.Helooksfornewkindsofmusicalexpression.Musiccansuggestactionsandfeelingswhichweallshare.Wecanenjoyplayingandsingingmusic,dancingandlisteningtothemusicofthepeopleandthecomposersofdifferenttimesandplaces.特别提醒：本题共5个小题,需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortellsusto_______.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.findentertainment(娱乐)inmusicB.befriendlytomusicC.expressyourfeelingsinmusic[单选题]◆Fromthesecondparagraphweknowthat_______.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.youmaylistentomusicatworkoratplayB.musicsingsofthecountry,natureandhomeC.musiccanexpresshowpeopleliveworkandthink[单选题]◆Bymeansofmusic,thecomposerwishesthat_______.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.youwouldstudywiththemB.youwouldexpressyourownfeelingsC.youwouldsharehisfeelingsandideas[单选题]◆Thelastparagraphshowsthatmusicmakesitpossible_______.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.themusiccanexpressactionsandfeelingsatthesametimeB.bringunderstandingbetweenpeopleofdifferenttimesandplacesC.thatpeopleofdifferenttimeandplacescangettogether[单选题]◆WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue.Musicexpresses_______.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.people’sloveofthecountryB.peoplesmusicalideasC.thecomposer’sfeelingsAquestionthatoftentroublesfoodcompaniesishowtocontrolproblemslikeratsandinsectswithoutharmingthefood.Pestcontrolexpertssaypoisonsshouldneverbeusedwheretheymayenterfood.Theysaythefirstlineofdefenseagainstpestsistocleantheplaceswherethefoodishandledorstored.Floors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolscanbedisinfectedwithchemicalslikechlorine,iodineorbromine.Foodcontainersshouldbestoredabouthalfameteroffthegroundandabouthalfameterawayfromanywalls.Storageareasshouldbekeptdryandclean.Containersforrawmaterialssuchasrice,wheat,etc.shouldbekeptclosedandclean.Anyfoodstuffsplitduringdeliveryorhandlingshouldbeclearedupbothinsideandoutsidethebuilding.Pestsenterabuildingfromtheoutside,sopayattentiontoouterwalls.Smallstonescanbeusedtocoverthegroundandblockthegrowthofplantsandthegrassshouldbekeptshorttodenypestsaplacetolive.Checkthatdoorsandwindowsarecompletelyclosed.Alsoanyholethatmightallowpeststoenterabuildingshouldbefilled.Ratscanenterthroughaholethesizeofacoin.Amousecanpassthroughaholehalfthatsize.Supervisorsshouldmakealistofpestcontrolmeasurestobetakenbyemployees.Thiswillaidtheeffortsandalsohelpprepareforanyinspections.Inmostcountries,thereisafoodanddrugadministrationbureau,orsomeagencywithasimilarname,whichenforcesrulesnationwide,responsibleforrulesabouttheuseofpesticides,etc.However,businesseswherefoodisstored,preparedorsoldmustalsofollowstateandlocalhealthlaws.Mostofthesegovernmentaldepartmentsorbureaushavetheirwebsiteswithinformationaboutfoodsafetypoliciesandotherissues.Peoplecaneasilyaccesstheinformation.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆Accordingtopestcontrolexperts,whyshouldpoisonsneverbeusedinfoodcompanies?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Becausetheymayenterfood.B.Becausetheymaykillrats.C.Becausetheymaybeharmfultotheplants.[单选题]◆Whatisthefirstlineofdefenseagainstpests?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Tocheckthatdoorsandwindowsarecompletelyclosed.B.Tocleantheplaceswherefoodishandledorstored.C.Tofillanyholethatmightallowpeststoenterabuilding.[单选题]◆Howcanfloors,foodpreparationsurfacesandtoolsbedisinfected?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Withsmoke.B.Withwater.C.Withchemicals.[单选题]◆Whyshouldattentionbepaidtoouterwalls?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Topreventpestsfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.B.Tokeepmoistfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.C.Tostopsunraysfromenteringabuildingfromoutside.[单选题]◆Whatdosethepassagemainlytalkabout?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Whypoisonsshouldneverbeusedwheretheymayenterfood.B.Whythegrowthofplantsshouldbeblockedandgrassbekeptshort.C.Howtocontrolratsandinsectswithoutharmingthefood.首字母DDinnercustomsaredifferentaroundtheworld.IfyouareadinnerguestinGhana,thisinformationwillhelpyoualot.InGhanadinnerisusuallyfromfourintheafternoontosixintheevening.Buttherearenostrictrulesabouttime.Wheneveraguestarrives,afamilyoffersfood.Whenyougotoahome,thepersonwhoreceivesgueststakesyoutothelivingroomfirst.Atthistimeeveryonewelcomesyou.Thenyougotothediningroom.Thereyouwashyourhandsinabowlofwater.Allthefoodisonthetable.InGhanayouusuallyeatwithyourfingers.Youeatfromthesamedishaseveryoneelse.Butyoueatfromonesideofthedishonly.Itisnotpolitetogetfoodfromtheothersideofthedish.Afterdinner,youwashyourhandsagaininabowlofwater.MostmealsinGhanahaveadishcalledfufu.PeopleinGhanamakefufufromthepowderofsomeplants.Sometimestheycutthefufuwithasawbecauseitisveryhard.Youmustchewfufuwell,oryoumaygetsick.Youeatfufuwiththefingersofyourrighthandonly.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆FromthepassageweknowthatinGhana_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.therulesfordinnertimearenotstrictB.dinnerisalwaysatsixintheeveningC.afamilyoffersfoodonlyatfourintheafternoon[单选题]◆IfyouareadingerguestinGhana,thehost(主人)alwaystakesyouto_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.thediningroomfirstB.thelivingroomfirstC.thekitchenfirst[单选题]◆PeopleinGhanausuallyeat_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.fromonesideofadishtotheotherB.withtheirfingersC.withtheirspoons[单选题]◆Infact,mostdishesinGhana_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.havefufuinthemB.aretoohardtoeatC.areveryhard[单选题]◆Whenyoueatfufu,you’dbetter_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.useyourrighthandonlyB.chewitwellC.alloftheaboveDoor-knockingisthemosteffectivewayofmakingface-to-facecommunitycontact,butithasbecomealostart.Withtherecentfocusoncustomerprivacy,door-knockingseemslikeanintrusionintootherpeople’slives.Butthosewhotryitforthefirsttimeareusuallysurprisedbythepleasantreceptiontheyreceive.Herearesomesuggestionsthatwillhelpyoupromoteyourservicesface-to-face.BEFOREYOUGOOUT◆BEGINWITHADOORHANGERTryleavingadoorhangertwodaysbeforeyougodoor-knocking.Itshouldbrieflydescribetheprojectandsaythatsomeonewillbearoundinperson.◆WEARANOFFICIALNAMETAGDoor-knockersshouldwearnametagswiththelogooftheirorganization.Thebestnametagswillalsoincludeacolorphotoandthenameofthecaller.◆HAVEPEOPLEKNOCKTHEIROWNBLOCKSTheeasiestwaytododoor-knockingistotryyourlocalareafirst.Beinganeighborcreatesanimmediateconnectionwiththepersonansweringthedoor;afterthat,everythingelseiseasy.◆FINDAGOODEXCUSETODOOR-KNOCKAshortsurveyaboutlocalconcernsoracurrentprojectisagoodexcuse.Figureoutresponsesforvarioussituations.WhatifthepersonwhoanswersthedoorcannotspeakEnglish?Whatifachildanswersthedoor?WHENYOUGOOUT◆WHENTOGOANDWHATTODOFIRSTThebesttimestoknockareusuallySaturdays.Onotherdays,afterdinnerisideal.Whensomeoneanswersthedoor,smileandintroduceyourself;sayyouareavolunteerand,ifithelps,statewhereyoulive.Givethenameofyourorganizationand,briefly,thereasonforthevisit.◆STATEWHATACTIONTHEOTHERPERSONSHOULDTAKEANDTHEBENEFITSTellthepersonwhattheyneedtodoandhowtheiractionswillbenefitthemselvesandothers.Ifapersonhesitates,emphasizebenefitsyou’vealreadymentionedandthen,ifnecessary,addfurtherbenefits.Ifapersonagrees,followupimmediately.Ifpossible,getadonation,asignature,orapromise.◆RECORDCONTACTINFORMATIONONTHESPOTRecordnames,addresses,e-mailaddresses,phonenumbers,andresponsestoquestionsonthespot.Youwon’trememberthemlater!特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆Whydoestheauthorsaythatdoor-knockinghasbecomealostart?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Itisnoteffective,noonewilltakethismethodanymore.B.Peoplefocusonprivacyincreasingly,sodoor-knockingseemslikeanintrusionintootherpeople’slivesC.Itisverydifficulttododoor-knocking,nooneknowshowtodoitnow.[单选题]◆Whichstepshouldbefirstlytakenwhenyoutrydoor-knocking?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Findagoodexcusetodoor-knockB.WearanofficialnametagC.Leaveadoorhanger[单选题]◆Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseonthespotmean?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.withoutdelayB.atsomeplaceC.inadifficultsituation[单选题]◆Whichtimeisnotappropriatefordoorknocking?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Saturdayafternoon.B.Mondaymorning.C.Thursdayevening.[单选题]◆Whowillreceivepleasantreceptionwhentheytrydoor-knocking?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Astrangerwhoisnotlivinginthiscommunityandgivesnonoticeforhis/hervisit.B.Anoffensiveacquaintancewhocomesatanytime.C.Aneighborwhodoesgoodpreparationandhassignificantprojecttointroduce.首字母HHumanResourcesManagement(HRM)istheprocessofmanagingpeopleandtheirrelationshipsinanorganization.Thesetwoprocessesareimportantinthesuccessandgrowthofabusiness.Inmanagingpeople,staffingisthemostimportantcomponentofHRM.Itneedstomakeguidelinesandproceduresforhiringandplacement.Staffingalsoinvolvesthemanagementofemployeesonmatterslikemonitoringofholidays,absences,healthandsafety,disciplinaryaction,anddismissal.AnotherimportantelementofHRMinmanagingpeopleiskeepingtheemployeesinthecompany.Thetrainingofemployeestoenablethemtoimprovetheircareerdevelopmentisveryimportant.GoodHRMpoliciesensurethatthereareclearregulationswhichshowthepaylevelsforthedifferentpositionsinanorganization.Itisimportantforthestafftoknowthecareerpath,pay,trainingandotheropportunitiesthatareavailabletothem.PerformancemanagementisanotherimportantcomponentofHRM.Thereasonforthisisthatmanyemployersuseittoevaluatecareerimprovementandtodeterminepayincreases.ThesecondaryroleofHRMisthemanagementoftherelationshipsamongpeopleinanorganization.Thisincludesstaffwithindepartmentsaswellasacrossthewholeorganization.Therelationshipbetweenstaffandmanagementisanimportantfactorinthesuccessofanorganization.Itdecideshowfastanorganizationwillrealizetheirgoals.ThefocusofHRMisthepeoplewithinanorganization.Regularplanning,monitoringandevaluationareimportantforthesuccessofHRM.Successfulmanagementensuresthatallemployeesknowtheirrole,careerdevelopmentandalsofeelpartofanorganization.特别提醒：本题共5个小题,需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆_________is/areimportantinthesuccessofabusiness.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.TeamworkspiritandhighsalaryB.TheprocessofmanagingpeopleandtheirrelationshipsC.Talentsandtheirgoals[单选题]◆ThemostimportantcomponentofHRMis_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.staffingB.planningC.monitoring[单选题]◆Accordingtothepassage,itisimportantfortheemployeestoknowthecareerpath,pay,trainingandotheropportunitiesthrough_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.noticesB.policiesC.advertisements[单选题]◆Wecanuse_________toevaluatecareerimprovementandtodeterminepayincreases.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.staffingB.HRMpoliciesC.performancemanagement[单选题]◆_________isNOTmentionedinthetextaboutthesuccessofHRM.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.RegularplanningandmonitoringB.EvaluationC.Training首字母II’mMichaelBush,ManagingDirectorofHoogleEngineering.IampleasedtowelcomeyouheretoourwebsiteandI’dliketotellyoualittleaboutthecompanyanditsorganization.HoogleEngineeringwassetupin1960.Itwasdividedintoseveraldepartmentsatthattime,suchasthesalesdepartment,marketingdepartment,andproductiondepartment.Lotsofmanagerswereemployedtomanageitall.Fortunatelythingsaredifferentnow.SixtypeopleareemployedbyHoogleandcommunicationbetweendepartmentsisconsideredtobeoneofthemostimportantaspectsofthebusiness.Themarketisglobalsoweneedtomakecontactwithcustomersworldwide,notjustlocally.Butintheolddayswewereallindifferentdepartmentsandneverspoketoeachother.Wehadatallstructure.Traditionallywehadpeopleatthefirstlevelontheshopfloor,manufacturingproductsaccordingtotheinstructionswhichtheyweregiven.Thenyouhadasupervisorylevelofpeoplewhosupervisedthemeveryday.Thenyoumoveduptothemiddlemanagement,whoweredoingthetasksofgettingnewbusiness,andthenyouhadtheseniormanagementteam,andthenyouhadtheboard,whodecidedthebusinessstrategy.Sotherewerealotoflevelsinthecompanyintheolddaysactually.Thestructuretodayisthatweformteamswithinteamstoplacepeoplewhocanmanufactureaproduct.Eachteamhasmembersthatcanmanufacturedifferentproducts.Theactualteamsnowareself-managing,sowedon’tevenhaveteamleaders.You’vegottheteams,andthenyou’vegottwopeople,onlytwopeople,whoarewhatyouthinkofasmanagement.Thisisgenerallycalledflatstructure.特别提醒：本题共5个小题,需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆HoogleEngineeringwassetupin_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.thenineteenthcenturyB.thetwentiethcenturyC.thetwentyfirstcentury[单选题]◆Therearemanydifferent_________ofmanagementinatallstructure.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.kindsB.levelsC.functions[单选题]◆Peopleinaflatstructureusuallyworkin_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.departmentsB.familiesC.teams[单选题]◆WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage？(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.communicationinthecompanvisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantB.theauthorthinksthetwostructureshavethesamefunctionsC.therearemoreindividualresponsibilitiesintheflatstructure[单选题]◆Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage？(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)

A.OraanizationStructureinhoogleEngineeningB.HistorvofHooaleEngineeringC.SuccessinHoogleengineering首字母MMostofusknowabouttheNobelPrize,especiallytheNobelPeacePrize.butfewofusknowanythingaboutthemanwhosetthemup.HisnamewasAlfredNobel.Hewasagreatscientistandinventorhimself.Besides,hehadabigbusiness.Hisbusinessmaysurpriseyou.Hemadeandsoldexplosives.Hiscompaniesevenmadeandsoldweapons.isn’tthissomethingthatsurprisesyou?ThemanwhomademoneyfromweaponsshouldsetupthePeacePrize?ThoughAlfredNobelhadalotofmoneyfromweapons,hehatedwar.Hehopedthattherewouldbenowarintheworld.HewasoneoftherichestinEurope.Whenhediedin1896,heleftbehindhimalotofmoneyandhisfamouswillAccordingtohiswill,mostofhismoneywasplacedinafund.Hewantedtheinterestfromthefundtobeusedasprizeseveryyear.WeknowthemastheNobelPrizes.TheNobelPrizesareinternational.AlfredNobelwantedthewinnerstobechosenfortheirwork,notthecountrytheycamefrom.AlfredNobelhadgivenhiswholelifetohisstudiesandworkandtothebenefitsofmankind.Hemademoneyallbyhisownefforts,buthelefttheworldsharehiswealth.Hisinventionsandwealthstaywiththeworldforever.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆Alfred’sbusinesswas_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.makingandsellingexplosivesB.makingexplosivesandsellingweaponsC.makingweaponsandsellingexplosives[单选题]◆NobelwantedtosetuptheNobelPeacePrizebecause_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.hemadeenoughmoneyB.hehatedwarC.hewantedtogetmoreinterestfromthefund[单选题]◆NobelPrizescomefrom_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.allNobel’smoneyinthefundB.allNobel’smoneyinhiscompanyC.alltheinterestfromthefund[单选题]◆Nobelwasa(an)_________personintheworld.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.unselfishB.kind-heartedC.interesting[单选题]◆WhichstatementofthefollowingisRightaccordingtothepassage?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.NobelPrizesareonlyforsomepeoplefromsomespecialcountries.B.MostofNobel’smoneywasusedfortheworldWars.C.Nobelworkedhardinhislifeandsavedlotsofmoneyfortheworldtoshare.首字母OOfallthefamilymembers,grandparentsareprobablytheleastvalued.Theyarejustthepeoplewhohavealwaysbeenaround.Theymakeafussoverthechildreninthefamily,showofftotheirfriendstheachievementsofthischildorthatchild,andshowcountlesspicturesofnewbabies.Grandfatherscanfixanythingandgrandmothersalwayshavehomemadebiscuitsaround.Whenyouaresmall,itisfuntostaywithyourgrandparentsbecausetheyalwaysletyoudothingsyoucan’tdoathome,andofcourse,theybuyyouthings.Theyarealwaysabletobaby-sitbecausetheydon’tgooutmuchandactuallyprefertoseetheirgrandchildren.Theyareusuallygoodforasmallloannowandthenthatdoesnotneedtobepaidbackbecausetheyturneditintoagift.Yourespectfullylistentotheiradvicebutdonotfollowitbecausetheyareoldanddonotunderstandhowthingsareinthisdayandage.Youthankthempolitelyforwhattheydoforyou,andthendonotcallorvisitthemuntilyouneedsomethingelse.And,ofcourse,younevertellthemhowdeartheyaretoyoubecausetheyknowhowyoufeelaboutthemanyway.Thenallofasudden,theyarenolongertheretodothethingsthatonlygrandparentscando,andyoufindyourselfwishingthatyouhadtoldthemwhattheymeanttoyouaspeopleandnotasgrandparents.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆Whatisthepositionofgrandparentsinthefamily?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Theyaretheleastimportantmembersofthefamily.B.Theyarethemostimportantmembersofthefamily.C.Theyaretheonesatwhomtheirchildrenorgrandchildrenusuallylaugh.[单选题]◆Whatdograndparentsneverdo?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Lookingaftertheirgrandchildren.B.Buyingtheirgrandchildrenthings.C.Tellingtheirgrandchildrenhowdeartheyaretothem.[单选题]◆Whydon’tchildrenneedtopaybacktheloanfromtheirgrandparents?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Grandparentsturntheloanintoagift.B.Theirparentspaybacktheloanforthem.C.Theirgrandparentsdiedbeforetheyhaveenoughmoneytopayitback.[单选题]◆Whydon’tchildrentaketheirgrandparents’advice?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Theiradviceisnotofanyhelpinthepresentsituation.B.Theydon’tliketheadviceitself.C.Followingtheiradvicewillmakethemactlikeoldpeople.[单选题]◆Howdochildrenfeelaftertheirgrandparentsdied?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Theyfeelsorrythatgrandparentsaretheleastvaluedinthefamily.B.Theymissthemverymuchbecausenoonedoesthethingsthatonlygrandparentsdo.C.Theyregrettheydidn’texpresstheirtruefeelingstothem.OnChristmasEve-thenightbeforeChristmasDay-childrenalloverBritainputastockingattheendoftheirbedsbeforetheygotosleep.TheirparentsusuallytellthemthatFatherChristmaswillcomeduringthenight.FatherChristmasisverykindandhearted.Hegetstothetopofeachhouseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefireplace.HefillseachofthestockingswithChristmaspresents.Ofcourse,FatherChristmasisn’treal.InJimandKate’shouse,“FatherChristmas”isreallyMrGreen.MrGreendoesn’tclimbdownthechimney.Hewaitsuntilthechildrenareasleep.Thenhequietlygoesintotheirbedroomsandfillstheirstockingswithsmallpresents.Whentheywereveryyoung,MrGreensometimesworearedcoat.Buthedoesn’tdothatnow.Thechildrenarenolongeryoung,andtheyknowwho“FatherChristmas”reallyis.Buttheystillputtheirstockingsattheendoftheirbeds.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆ChristmasEveis_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.ChristmasDayB.theeveningofChristmasDayC.thenightbeforeChristmasDay[单选题]◆FatherChristmasoftenputspresents_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.intochildren’shatsB.underchildren’sbedsC.intochildren’sstockings[单选题]◆Whenthechildrenwereveryyoung,_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.theyknewthatFatherChristmaswasn’trealB.theydidn’tknowwhoFatherChristmaswasC.theythoughttheirfatherwasFatherChristmas[单选题]◆Whenthechildrenareolder,they_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.knowthatFatherChristmasisreallytheirfatherB.asktheirmothertofilltheirstockingswithpresentsC.knowthatFatherChristmasisreal[单选题]◆FatherChristmascomesintothehousethroughthe_________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.windowB.backdoorC.chimneyOneday,PresidentLincolnwenttoaparty,Atthegathering,amancalledDouglaswasrepeatedlytalkingaboutLincoln’slowpositioninlifeandsayingthathefirstmetLincolnwhenhewasashopassistantatavillageshop.Finallyhesaid,“AndMr.Lincolnwasaverygoodwaitertoo.”Peopleburstintolaughter,buttheyquieteddownwhenMr.Lincolnsaidquietly.“Gentlemen,whatMr.Douglashassaidistrue.Ididkeepagrocery,andIdidsellcotton,candlesandcigars,andsometimeswhisky.ButIrememberthatinthosedaysMr.Douglaswasoneofmybestcustomers.IoftenstoodononesideofthecounterandsoldwhiskytoMr.Douglasontheotherside,butthedifferencebetweenusnowis:Ihaveleftmysideofthecounter,butMr.Douglasstillstickstohisasfirmlyasever.”特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆WherewasDouglastalkingaboutLincoln’slowpositioninlife?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Atameeting,B.Inarestaurant,C.Athome,[单选题]◆WhywasDouglasrepeatedlytalkingaboutLincoln’slowpositioninlife?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.BecausehewasfriendlytoLincoln.B.BecausehewantedotherstolookdownuponLincoln.C.BecausehewantedtotellotherpeopleaboutLincoln’shonestyasashopassistant.[单选题]◆HowdidLincolnwintheoralcompetition?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Hewonitbytellingofhislowpositioninlifeinhisearlydays.B.HewonitbysayingDouglaswastellinglies.C.HewonitbycomparinghispresentpositionwithDouglas.[单选题]◆Whatdoyousupposethesentence“Mr.Douglasstillstickstohisasfirmlyasevermeans?”___________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Douglaswasstillstandingontheothersideofthecounter.B.Douglasremainedadrunkard(酒鬼)andhadnotchangedabit.C.DouglaswasstilltalkingaboutLincoln’slowpositioninlife.[单选题]◆Thestoryimpliesthat___________.(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Don’tlookdownuponother’spastexperience.B.Itisnotgoodtoarguewithothers.C.Everyoneshoulddohisworkwell.首字母QTHEHISTORYOFQUALITYCONTROLQualitycontrolisaseriesofactivitiesthatensureandimprovethequalityofproductsandservice.Theterm’qualitycontrol’cameintocommonuseinthe1950sbecauseofW.EdwardDeming.His’FourteenPoints’havebecomethebibleforqualitycontrolspecialists.Whenthepost-warworldreturnedtoregularmanufacturing,Demingsaidthatinspectingproductqualityaftertheyweremadewasunacceptable.Instead,heproposedaprocessknownas’statisticalqualitycontrol’.Itwouldusecloselymonitoredperformancemeasurestocontrolqualitywhileaproductwasbeingmade.Thegoalofstatisticalqualitycontrolwastogatherdatathatwouldallowfortheconstantimprovementofmanufacturingprocesses.Thiswouldinturnimprovequalitycontrol.AnotherimportantprincipleofDeming’sbeliefswasthatuppermanagementshouldberesponsibleforqualityfailures.Hestronglybelievedthatitwaspossiblefortheworkerstoworkhardtoproducethehighestqualityproductsiftheyweregiventherighttoolsandworkingenvironment.InDeming’sownwords,’thebasiccauseofsicknessinAmericanindustryandtheresultingunemploymentisafailureoftopmanagementtomanage.’Hebelievedthatstrongleadershipledtoamotivatedworkforce.Ifstrongleadershipisthetermformanagersinaqualityenvironment,thenempowermentisthekeyconceptforworkersinDeming’ssystem.Improvededucationandtrainingarekeyfactorsinreachingemployeesandmakingthembelievethattheirincreasedparticipationintheworkprocessisanessentialpartofimprovingquality.Involvement,participation,andteamworkareseenasabsolute’musthaves’ifaqualityworkplaceistobecreated.TheJapanesewerethefirsttouseDeming’sFourteenPoints,andmadegreatsuccess.Asanexample,oneJapanesefactorydoubledproductioninjustoneyearandwasexpectingtogainanadditional25percentimprovementthefollowingyear,withnoincreaseintheamountofworkinghours.Allthishappenedasaresultofsimplyimprovingquality.Itwasinthelate1970sthatAmericanmanufacturingfactoriesrealizedthatqualitycontrolwasasignificantissue.Bythattime,JapanesefirmssuchasHondaandSonyweretakingoverlargeportionsoftheAmericanconsumermarketwhileittookmostAmericanfirmsuntilthe1990stoputqualitycontrolpracticesinplace.特别提醒：本题共5个小题，需要拉动答题框右边的滚动条使5个试题显示出来做答！！[单选题]◆AccordingtoW.EdwardDeming,whatisthebesttimetocontrolproductquality?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Beforeaproductismade.B.Afteraproductismade.C.Duringtheproductionprocess.[单选题]◆Whentherearequalityfailures,wheredoesW.EdwardDemingthinktheblamelies?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Intheworkforce.B.Intheuppermanagement.C.Inthetools.[单选题]◆Whichofthefollowingwillnothelptocreateaqualityworkplace?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Workingalone.B.Groupparticipation.C.Trainingprograms.[单选题]◆DuringwhichperiodweresomeJapanesefirmswinningAmericanconsumermarketsoverAmericanfirms?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.1990s.B.2000s.C.1970s.[单选题]◆Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutqualitycontrolisNOTcorrect?(红色字体为本题正确答案选项)A.Qualitycontrolcanleadtogreatsuccessforacompany.B.Qualitycontrolcanbedonewithinonedepartment.C.Qualitycontrolrequiresconstantimprovement.首字母TThe2014EbolaoutbreakisthelargestinhistoryandthefirstEbolaoutbreakinTestAfrica.Althoughthecurrentepidemicdoesnotcauseasignificantrisktoothernations,manycountries,includingChinaandtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,haveactuallybeenworkingcloselywiththeEbolahitstates.Forexample,theUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)istakingprecautionsathomebesidesitsactivitiesabroad.CDC’steamof