高中一轮复习英语教师用书选修八Module4WhichEnglish

Module4WhichEnglish?一、刷黑板——eq\a\vs4\al(词汇全听写先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．absurdadj. 荒谬的，荒唐的2．abusev. 辱骂；恶语3．ambiguousadj. 歧义的；含糊的4．ancestorn. 祖先，前辈5．betrayv. 对……不忠6．clarifyv. 弄明白；澄清[第二屏听写]7．classifyv． 将……分类8．clumsyadj. 笨拙的9．dilemman. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择10．explicitadj. 清楚明白的；易于理解的11．prayern. 祈祷文；悼词12．prejudicen. 偏见；歧视[第三屏听写]13．rhythmn． 节奏；韵律14．straightforwardadj. 简单的，易懂的15．superioradj. 更好的；更强的16．telegraphn. 电报17．tendencyn. 趋向；倾向18．vagueadj. 不明确的；含糊的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．approvaln． 赞许；赞成2．associationn. 联系3．authorn. 作家，作者4．candidaten. 投考者，应考人5．plainv. 抱怨；不满6．conceptn. 概念；观念[第五屏听写]7．conflictn． 抵触；冲突8．countv. 很重要；很有价值9．debaten. 讨论；辩论10．instantlyadv. 立即，马上11．investigatev. 调查12．linkn. 联系[第六屏听写]13．matterv． 重要，要紧；有关系14．median. 新闻媒体，传媒15．moraln. 寓意；教育意义16．opposev. 反对17．potentialadj. 潜在的；可能的18．rejectv. 拒绝接受[第七屏听写]19．relevantadj. 有关的；切题的20．resistn. 反抗；抵抗21．revolutionn. 革命22．selectv. 挑选，选择23．sexn. 性别24．statusn. 地位[第八屏听写]25．thusadv. 因此；因而26．uniqueadj. 独一无二的；独特的27．acquirev. 得到，获得28．conveyv. 传达，传递29．convincedadj. 确信的，信服的30．curiosityn. 好奇心[第九屏听写]31．furthermoreadv. 此外，而且32．overev. 征服；战胜33．recognisableadj. 能辨认的，能认出的34．significancen. 意义；含义35．withdrawv. 收回；撤销(说过的话)36．a_huge_number_of 大量的[第十屏听写]37．as_long_as 只要38．get_down_to_sth. 开始做某事39．in_conclusion 总之40．let_sb._down 使某人失望41．lie_in 在于42．tell_...apart 区分开二、刷清单——eq\a\vs4\al(热身自盘点再过基本应用关)(一)核心单词阅读单词1.absurdadj.荒谬的，荒唐的2．abusev.辱骂；恶语3．ambiguousadj.歧义的；含糊的4．ancestorn.祖先，前辈5．betrayv.对……不忠6．clarifyv.弄明白；澄清7.classifyv．将……分类8．clumsyadj.笨拙的9．dilemman.进退两难的境地；困难的抉择10．explicitadj.清楚明白的；易于理解的11．prayern.祈祷文；悼词12.prejudicen．偏见；歧视13．rhythmn.节奏；韵律14．straightforwardadj.简单的，易懂的15．superioradj.更好的；更强的16．telegraphn.电报17．tendencyn.趋向；倾向18．vagueadj.不明确的；含糊的表达单词1.matterv．重要，要紧；有关系2．countv.很重要；很有价值3．debaten.讨论；辩论4．thusadv.因此；因而5．selectv.挑选，选择6．rejectv.拒绝接受7．overev.征服；战胜；克服8．opposev.反对9．moraln.寓意；教育意义；道德10．statusn.地位11．revolutionn.革命[语境活用]1．Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts(很重要)．2．Kathyhaswastedsomuchtimeplaying,thus(因此)failingintheexam.3．Thepresidentwouldoppose(反对)givingmilitaryaidtothiscountry.4．Herbrotherwasrejected(拒绝接受)bythearmybecauseofhisbadeyesight.5．Sheovercame(克服)injurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.6．Hopefully,anothertenvolunteerswillhavebeenselected(挑选)toworkinthenewexhibitionbytheendofthisweek.7．Howevergreatthedemandtosucceed,oneshouldneverabandonhismoral(道德)andsocialconsciousness.拓展单词1.approvaln．赞许；赞成→approvev．赞许；赞成2．plainv．抱怨；不满→plaintn．抱怨3．instantlyadv.立即，马上→instantadj.立即的；紧急的，立刻的n.瞬间，立刻4．investigatev．调查→investigationn．调查5．recognisableadj.能辨认的，能认出的→recognisev．认出；承认→recognitionn．认出；承认6．convincedadj.信服的，确信的→convincingadj.令人信服的；有说服力的→convincevt.使信服，使确信7．significancen．意义；含义→significantadj.有意义的8．resistv．反抗；抵抗→resistancen．反抗；抵抗→resistantadj.反抗的9．curiosityn．好奇心→curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地10．associationn．联系→associatev．联系→associatedadj.有联系的[语境活用]1．Thankstoyourapproval,_ifyoudidn'tapproveofmyplan,Iwouldbefiredbytheemployer.(approve)2．It'saconvincingspeechandI'mconvincedthatmanypeoplewillbenefitfromit.(convince)3．Togetmoreevidence,thelawyerinvestigatedmanywitnesses.Afterinvestigation,_hegotsomeusefulproof.(investigate)4．MoststudentsthinkitsignificanttojointheEnglishcorner,thoughafewhaven'trealizedthesignificanceofit.(significance)5．Inwesterncountries,thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck,butactuallythereisn'tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)6．Theboyiscuriouslywatchingwhattheoldmanisdoinginthegarden.Heisalwayscuriousabouttheworldoutsideandshowsgreatcuriosityaboutwhatisgoingoninnature.(curious)(二)常用短语写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.tell_..._apart区分开2．as_long_as只要3．lie_in在于4．in_conclusion总之5．a_huge_number_of大量的6．get_down_to_sth.开始做某事7．let_sb._down使某人失望8．municate_with与……交流9．be_relevant_to与……相关10．or_rather更确切地说11．be_meant_for意欲……，有……目的12．in_case以免，万一1.Thefinalexaminationisingupsoon.It'stimeforustoget_down_toourstudies.2．Learningforeignlanguagescallsforyourmemory,time,patienceandemotions.In_conclusion,_itisnotasimplething.3．IpromisedtogotothepartywithJaneandIcan'tletherdown.4．Yousee,theyaretwinsandIwanttofindagoodwaytotellthemapart.5．Heworkedlatelastnight,or_rather,_earlythismorning.6．As_long_asIdeliverthegoods,mybossisveryhappy.(三)经典句式原句背诵句式解构佳句仿写1.Inthissenseeverybody'suseoflanguage—whetherEnglish,Chinese,oranyother—isdifferent.从这种意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语还是任何其他语言——都是不同的。whether...or...“不论……还是……”，用于连接并列成分。她去也好留也好都没有什么关系。Itmakesnodifferencewhether_she_goes_or_stays.2.Perhapscorrectnessdoesn'tmatter—aslongasspeakerscanunderstandeachother—it'smunicationthatcounts.也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。it's...that...为强调句型，此处强调了句子的主语。昨天是杰克和玛丽遇见了一个长得很可笑的男人。It_was_Jack_and_Mary_who/thatmetwithafunnylookingmanyesterday.3.Englishhasahugenumberofcolourfulandsplendidexpressionswhichmaybedifficulttounderstand.英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。“主语＋be＋adj.＋todo...”句式。首先，我建议你了解下唐朝历史，这可能会更容易理解。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Firstly,IadviseyoutolearnthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,which_may_be_much_easier_to_understand.一、过重点单词——eq\a\vs4\al(纵引横联超人一点)1．debaten．&v．讨论；辩论[经典例句]Themitteewilldebatewhethertolowertheageofclubmembershipto16.委员会将讨论是否将参加俱乐部的年龄限制放宽到16岁。(1)underdebate 正在讨论中beyonddebate 无可争辩adebateabout/over/on 一场有关……的辩论(2)debateon/about/over... 就……辩论debateaboutsth.withsb. 和某人就某事辩论[多角练透]单句语法填空①Theydebatedwitheachotherabout/on/overtheenvironmentprotectionandeconomicgrowth.②Thereisnodoubtthatthetruthofthisnewsisbeyonddebate.补全句子③Oneofthequestionsunder_debateovereducationinmanycollegesiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.在许多大学中关于教育正在讨论的问题之一就是教育是否是终生学习。2．convincedadj.确信的，信服的[教材原句]ExpertsareconvincedthatthiswillhappeninthefutureasmoreandmorepeoplelearnEnglishandcallittheirown.专家们确信，随着将来越来越多的人学习英语并把它称为自己的语言，这一现象将会发生。(1)beconvincedof/that... 相信/确信……(2)convincevt. 使确信，使信服convinceeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb.of...,sb.that...)) 使某人相信……convincesb.todosth. 说服某人做某事(3)convincingadj. 有说服力的；令人信服的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Thepictureconvincesmethatitisevenmoreimportanttobeagooddaughterthanagoodstudent.②Wefinallyconvincedthemofourhonestyandtheydecidedtocooperatewithus.补全句子③Ittookmemanyhourstoconvince_the_poor_boy_to_gotoschoolagain.我花费了好几个小时才说服那个穷苦孩子重返学校。3．relevantadj.有关的；切题的；有价值的，有意义的[经典例句]Thesementsarenotdirectlyrelevanttothisenquiry.这些意见与这项调查没有直接联系。(1)berelevantto 与……有关系(2)relevancen. 相关性，关联；实用性haverelevanceto 与……有关系[题点全练]补全句子①Idon'tthinkhisremarksare_relevant_toourdiscussion.我认为他的话不切我们的议题。②Whatyouaresayinghas_no_relevance_tothematterinhand.你现在所说的与正在考虑中的问题毫无关联。4．opposev．反对；与……对抗[经典例句]Hethrewallthosethatopposedhimintoprison.他把所有反对他的人都投进了监狱。(1)opposeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth.反对做某事,sb./sb.'sdoingsth.反对某人做某事))(2)opposedadj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的beopposedto(doing)sth. 反对(做)某事(3)oppositeadj. 相反的；对面的；对立的n. 对立面prep. 在……的对面adv. 在对面[多角练透]单句语法填空①Theparentsstronglyopposedtheirdaughtergoing(go)therealone.②Thoughbeatenbytheopposite(oppose)team,theydidn'tloseheart.单句改错③Opposingtotheplanofraisingprices,theydecidednottocarryitout.Opposing→OpposedⅠ.单句语法填空1．Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyourapproval(approve).2．Therehasalwaysbeenacloseassociation(associate)betweenthesetwoschools.3．You'llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.4．Ithasbeenreportedthatthecountry'shealth­carereformisstillunderdebate.5．Theyhitatruckingintheopposite(oppose)direction.6．Thepolicereceivedseveralplaints(plain)aboutthenoisefromourparty.7．Thestudybroughttogetherdatafrom16previousinvestigations(investigate)．8．Instantly(instant)itbegantoraintheytookcoverunderabigtree.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Wearefirmlyopposedtohelptheyoungmanaddictedtoalcohol.help→helping2．Plantsthatgrowindesertsareresistantwaterloss.resistant后加to3．Intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebatedandquestioning.debated→debate4．Sheplainedtomeaboutherpany'scoldnesstoher.about→ofⅢ.根据提示词补全句子1．我们相信2022年北京冬奥会一定会取得成功。(convince)Weare_convinced_thatthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicGameswillbeagreatsuccess.2．我们将用公交车把这些孩子送到机场。(convey)Wewillconvey_these_children_totheairportbybus.3．据说一个人的命运和他的性格有关。(relevant)Itissaidthataperson'sfateis_relevant_to_his_character.4．你做什么、怎么去做对我来说都无关紧要。(matter)It_doesn't_matter_to_mewhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.Ⅳ.句型转换1．Theseniorstudentsstronglyobjectedtobeingtreatedunfairlybyothers.→Theseniorstudentsare_strongly_opposed_to_being_treatedunfairlybyothers.(opposed)→Theseniorstudentsare_strongly_against_being_treatedunfairlybyothers.(against)2．I'vebeentryingtoconvinceJeantoewithme.→I'vebeentryingtopersuadeJeantoewithme.→I'vebeentryingtopersuadeJeanintoingwithme.→I'vebeentryingtotalkJeanintoingwithme.二、过短语、句式——eq\a\vs4\al(学通学活靓人一眼)1．tell...apart区分开[经典例句]It'salmostimpossibletotellJackieandMoiraapartsincetheyhadtheirhaircut.杰姬和莫伊拉都把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区分开。(1)tellAfromB/tellthedifferencebetweenAandB/distinguishbetweenAandB/distinguishAfromB 把A和B区分开来(2)fallapart 土崩瓦解apartfrom 除……之外[多角练透]句型转换①Ithinkitisquitedifficultforustotellthetwinbrothersapart.→Ithinkitisquitedifficultforustotell_the_difference_betweenthetwinbrothers.(difference)补全句子②Apart_fromtheinjuriestohisfaceandhands,hebrokebothlegs.除了脸部和双手受伤以外，他的两条腿也断了。2．letsb.down使某人失望[教材原句]Withfriendslikethese,whoneedsenemies?meansafriendhasbetrayedyourtrustorletyoudown.“有这样的朋友，还要敌人干吗？”意思是一个朋友背叛了你或让你很失望。letalone 更不用说；更谈不上letsb./sth.alone 不管/不干涉某人/某物letoff 让……下车；宽恕；使爆炸letout 使出去；放出；泄露；发出letgo(of) 放手，松手，放开；使自由letin 放进，让……进来选用上述短语填空①Throwingtheirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamlet_outloudshoutsofvictory.②Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,letting_inthenaturallightduringtheday.③IbelieveIcanbeagoodvolunteerandIwon'tletyoudown.④WhenJohnwasarrestedfordrunkdriving,heexpectedtolosehisdrivinglicense,buthewaslet_offwithafine.3．“主语＋be＋adj.＋todo...”句式Englishhasahugenumberofcolourfulandsplendidexpressionswhich_may_be_difficult_to_understand.英语中有大量绚烂而华丽但可能很难懂的表达。“主语＋be＋adj.＋todo...”句式有以下特点：(1)不定式说明主语在哪些方面存在形容词所表示的特点或性质。(2)不定式所表示的动作虽与句子的主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，但通常以主动形式表示被动含义。(3)如果不定式为不及物动词，则后面要有相应的介词。(4)该句式中常用的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,fortable,possible,pleasant,interesting,exciting,important等。单句语法填空①Thismachineisveryeasyto_operate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.补全句子②Althoughtheladylookselegant,actuallysheis_hard_to_get_along_with.尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。③Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitis_very_fortable_to_sit_on.这把椅子看上去很硬，但事实上坐在上面很舒服。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Wehadthoughtthatwecouldrelyonthem,buttheyletusdown.2．Effortleadstosuccessandfailureoftenliesinlaziness.3．Toconfusetwothingsmeansnottobeabletotellthemapart.4．TheroomwhichmyfriendbookedontheInternetisfortabletolivein.5．It'shightimethatweshouldgetdowntodealing(deal)withtheproblemoffoodsafety.Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子1．我们学校的外教很容易相处。(主语＋be＋adj.＋todo...)Theforeignteacherinourschoolis_easy_to_get_along_with.2．这对我们是好是坏还很难说。(whether...or...)Whether_it_will_do_us_good_or_harmishardtosay.3．生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(aslongas)Inourlifewemaymeetmanyfailures;as_long_as_we_try_our_best,_thereisnoneedfeelingregretforthesefailures.4．他是通过努力工作才成功的。(强调句型)It_was_through_hard_work_thathesucceeded.5．当油和水混合时，很容易把它们分辨出来。(tellapart)Whenoilandwatermingle,theyareeasy_to_tell_apart.6．日本的所作所为使我们中国人很失望。(let...down)WhatJapanhasdonelets_us_Chinese_down.三、过语法、写作——eq\a\vs4\al(写对写美高人一筹)(一)单元小语法——复习状语和状语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Hersimpleactgavemejoyevenif/thoughIdon'tparticularlyenjoysweetsasmuch.2．IwassonervousthatIdidn'tcatchthemanager'sname.3．Itwillbegreatifyoucantellmesomeinformationaboutchopsticks.4．Nomatterwherewestudy,wecanstillachievealotinacertainfieldifwetryourbest.5．Sheonlyusesthatnamewhenshepaints.6．Tooursurprise,although/thoughmuchefforthasbeenmade,thecauseoftheaccidenthasnotbeenfoundout.7．Ithinkit'sbettertogiveitasecondthoughtas/because/for/sincesomanyofusconsideritarisk.8．Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.9．Neighborssaidtheyheardthemantellthewomanthatshecouldn'tleaveunlessshegavebackthemoneyborrowedfromhim.10．Whetheritishappinessorsorrow,itwouldfinallybeememoriesoflife.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Asheisyoung,heknowsalot.As→Although/Though2．Hehardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.He后加had3．Iwasabouttogooutwhilesomeoneknockedatthedoor.while→when4．NotuntilhecamebackIleave.back后加did5．ItisthefirsttimeIvisitedtheGreatWall.I后加have(二)课堂微写作练缩写——让语言更凝练[题目要求]美国朋友Michael正在一家孔子学院学习汉语和中国文化，知道中国人很重视家风传承。他给中国学生李华写了一封电子邮件，想了解他家的家风以及家风对他的影响。以下是李华的回复。请把它缩写为一篇60词左右的邮件。注意：保留加黑词语。DearMichael，I'mgladtoknowthatyouarelearningChineselanguageandculture.Inyouremailyousaidthatyouwantedtoknowsomethingaboutmyfamilyspirits.Well,therearemanygoodqualitiesthathavebeenpassedfromgenerationtogenerationinmyfamily.Myparentsalwayslayemphasisontheimportanceofhonesty,bravery,perseveranceanddiligenceandtheyhavesetgoodexamplesformeandmybrother.Myfamilyspiritshaveaprofoundinfluenceonme.I'malwaysfriendlytoothersandamalwaysreadytohelpothers.IalwayscheerupandneverstopchasingmygoaleventhoughImeetwithdifficulties.Owinggreatthankstothosegoodqualities,Ihavemadegreatachievementsinmystudyandlife.Yours，LiHua[答案示例]DearMichael，I'mgladtoknowthatyouarelearningChineselanguageandculture.NowI'lltellyousomethingaboutmyfamilyspirits.Myparentsalwayslayemphasisontheimportanceofhonesty，bravery，perseveranceanddiligenceandtheyhavesetgoodexamplesforus.I'malwaysfriendlytoothersandreadytohelpothers.Ialwayscheerupandneverstopchasingmygoal.Ihavemadegreatachievementsinmystudyandlife.Yours，LiHua eq\a\vs4\al(阅读理解提速练)eq\a\vs4\al(4篇阅读＋1篇七选五，限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·石家庄高三联考)Inthecourseofourlives,someonewithwhomwegotacquaintedbyaccidentofteninspiresus.Earlyonemorning,Iopenedthewindowtofindthatthesunwassplashedeverywhere.Thesunshinewarmedmyface,makingitfortable.Istartedtoplaymybelovedviolin.Mymindwasquitefocused,myspiritfirm,andmymoodentirelyfreeofworry.WhenIwasplayingtheclimaxtothepiece,asoundfromnextdoorgotmyattention.Iwasfascinatedandhadaspecialidea:“Howwonderfulifweplayedtogether！”IbegantoplaypiecesbyBeethovenwithmyneighbor,onepieceafteranother.WeplayedtogethersowellthatIwascuriousabouthowsheorhelooked.However,Icouldn'tfigureoutwhytheviolinistnextdoorneverrespondedwhenIknockedonthedoor.Iwasextremelydisappointed.Ayearlater,Itookpartinaviolinpetition.Attheevent,Imadeanewfriend,whosenamewasRita.Thisgirl,whowasmyage,wasdeafanddumb,butshehadplayedtheviolinforeightyears!IsawRitacarefullywalkontothestage.Sheputtheviolinbetweenherneckandshoulderandbegantoperform.“Themelodyissofamiliar！”Isaidtomyself.Itwasunbelievablethatagirlwhowasdeafanddumbcouldplaysuchmarvelousmusic.Theaudiencewarmlyapplaudedher.Whatwasevenhardertobelievewasthatthegirlwasmyneighbor.Itwasfatethatweshouldmeetandbeefriends.Rita'sstorymademerealizethatlifeisnotalwayssunnyorpoetic;sometimesthereareviolentstormsandsetbacks.However,nomatterwhatyousuffer,believeinyourselfandstrive.Youcansucceed.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的邻居是位聋哑姑娘，但她却能用小提琴演奏出美妙的乐曲。作者通过这个故事告诉我们：有志者，事竟成。1．Whywastherenoresponseeverytimetheauthorknockedonhisneighbor'sdoor?A．Hisneighborhadmovedaway.B．Hisneighbormeanttodeclinehim.C．Hisneighborwashearing­challenged.D．Hisneighborwastooexcitedtorespond.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Itwasunbelievablethatagirlwhowasdeafanddumbcouldplaysuchmarvelousmusic.”并结合全文内容可知，作者的邻居就是这位聋哑女孩，她听不到敲门声所以无法回应。故C项正确。2．Whatisthemessageconveyedinthelastparagraph?A．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.B．Happinessexistsinacceptance.C．Afallinthepit,againinyourwit.D．Smiletolife,andyou'llgetasmileback.解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However,nomatterwhatyousuffer,believeinyourselfandstrive.Youcansucceed.”可推知，最后一段主要表达的是“有志者，事竟成”。故A项正确。3．Theauthorwrotethistextmainlyto________.A．introducehisneighborRitaB．valuehisfriendshipwithRitaC．speakhighlyofRita'sviolinskillsD．showtheinspirationhegotfromRita解析：选D写作意图题。根据第一段并结合最后一段内容可知，本文旨在告诉读者作者从邻居——聋哑女孩Rita那里得到的启示。故D项正确。B(2018·宁夏银川高三教学质检)Itisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdeterminesachild'slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandmandsinanegativeorpositivechoiceofwords.Forexample,wecansaytoachild“Don'trunintotraffic！”or“Stayonthefootpathclosetome.”Inusingthelatter,youwillbehelpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelpetentinawiderangeofsituations,becausetheyknowwhattodo,andaren'tscaringthemselveswithwhatnottodo.Actually,itisallinthewaythehumanmindworks.Whatwethink,weautomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.Whenachildistold“Don'tfalloffthetree，”hewillthinkoftwothings：“don't”and“falloffthetree”.Thatis,hewillautomaticallycreatethepictureoffallingoffthetreeinhismind.Achildwhoisvividlyimaginingfallingoffthetreeismuchmorelikelytofalloff.Soitisfarbettertouse“Holdontothetreecarefully.”Clear,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightwaytodothings.Kidsdonotalwaysknowhowtobesafe,orhowtoreacttothewarningofthedangerinnegativewords.Soparentsshouldmaketheirmandspositive.“Sam,holdonfirmlytothesideoftheboat”ismuchmoreusefulthan“Don'tyoudaretofalloutoftheboat？”or“HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyoudrown？”Thechangesaresmallbutthedifferenceisobvious.Childrenlearnhowtoguideandorganizethemselvesfromthewayweguidethemwithourwords,soitpaystobepositive.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在对孩子做出命令和指示时，父母所用的正面或负面的表达方式会影响孩子的自信心。4．Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidsto________.A．dothingscarefullyB．learnindifferentsituationsC．improvetheirimaginationD．builduptheirconfidence解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，父母用积极的表达方式更能够激发孩子们的自信心。故选D。5．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Onecan'thelpimaginingwhatisheard.B．Achildwillactonwhatisinstructed.C．Achildwillfalloffthetreewhentoldnotto.D．Onewon'tthinkofabluemonkeywhengivenmoney.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第二段的第三句“Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.”及后面的两个例子可知，当被告知不要做某事时，脑海中却会情不自禁地浮现出做某事的样子，故选A。6．Whichofthefollowingmandshelpskidstobesafe?A．Fastenyourseatbelt.B．Don'tplaybythelake.C．HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyougethurt?D．Don'tyoudaretowalkthroughtheredlight?解析：选A推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，明确的、肯定的命令更能让孩子们正确地行事，故A项符合题意。7．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．praisemakeskidsconfidentB．rightinstructionskeepkidssafeC．positiveinstructionsguidekidsD．clearmandsmakekidsdifferent解析：选C主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要论述了不同的命令和指示方式运用在教导孩子上的效果是迥然不同的，积极的指令有助于增加孩子的自信，指导孩子的行为，故选C。C(2018·福州市普通高中毕业班质检)OnWednesday,nearly300kidswilltakepartintheNationalSpellingBee.Fewerwillmakeittothefollowingday'ssemi­finals,whereonemistakemeanselimination(淘汰)．I'dbetthatmanyofthemwillbesilentlypraying—notonthefirstword.IknewitbecauseIwasthere17yearsago.Iwasa14­year­oldgirlthen.MymotherandIhadflownfromKentuckytoWashington,butthecapitalwasnostrangetoher.Myoldersisterhadalreadypetedatthenationallevel.Whenmysisterwas14andIwas12,wetrainedtogether.WebeganwiththeSuggestedListgivenoutatschool—hundredsofwordsprintedonaposterthatcouldbefoldeduplikeamap.Whenthewordsalongthecreases(褶痕)begantodisappear,weboughtadditionalspellinglists.Sometimesmymothertestedus,readingwordsmostEnglishteacherswouldn'tknowhowtopronounce,letalonemyIndian­bornmother.Whenshepointedoutthemisspelledwords,Iblamedheraccentformyerrors!Whenitwasmyturn,Iapproachedthemicrophoneandwaitedformyfirstword.Theannouncerwassomewheretomyleft,amanwhopronouncedclearly.“Barbican，”hesaid.Itseemedthatmypetitorsweresecretlyplainingabouttherelativeeaseofmyword.WouldtheylaughatmeifIcouldn'tspellit?Wouldmymotherbedisappointedinme?Thatlastsyllablecouldgotwoways:C­A­NorC­O­N.Whichonewasright?FinallyIdecidedonC­O­N.Ofcourse,IwaseliminatedandguidedtothefortRoom,whereparentscouldn'tenter.Inside,recentlosersweresittingaroundatableabundantwithjunkfood.Wecasuallymentionedthewordsthatdefeatedus,likeaspecialceremonytoweleeachnewarrival.Thenwechangedthesubjectifwe'dalreadymovedonfrommissedwordsandlostopportunities.Eventually,Iwentoutandsawmymother.“Well，”shesaid,“I_guess_you_won't_be_doing_this_again.”Yes,nextyearIwouldbe15andnotallowedtotakepartinthepetition.语篇解读：本文为记叙文，主要叙述了“我”14岁时参加全国英文拼字大赛的经历。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referto?A．Thedifficultyofthefirstword.B．Thefiercepetition.C．Thenervousnessofthekids.D．Thestrictrules.解析：选C代词指代题。根据第一段最后两句可知，参加比赛的孩子都很紧张，所以默默祈祷，千万别在第一个单词就被淘汰；而“我”知道孩子们紧张是因为“我”在17年前有过这样的经历。据此可知，it指代孩子们的紧张，故C项正确。9．Theauthorfailedprobablybecause________.A．shewasunabletorelaxB．theannouncerhadanaccentC．herpetitorsdisturbedherD．shedidn'tpractisehardenough解析：选A推理判断题。根据第七段前三句“Itseemedthatmypetitorswere...Wouldmymotherbedisappointedinme？”可以判断，“我”无法放松，心里想得很多，所以影响发挥而被淘汰。故A项正确。10．WhatdidtheauthordointhefortRoom?A．Shemethermother.B．Shefortednewarrivals.C．Shetalkedwithotherlosers.D．Shewatchedthepetition.解析：选C细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Wecasuallymentionedthewordsthatdefeatedus...Thenwechangedthesubjectifwe'dalreadymovedonfrommissedwordsandlostopportunities.”可知，在thefortRoom里，“我”在和其他淘汰者聊天，故C项正确。11．Whydidtheauthor'smothersaytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?A．Shewasdisappointedintheauthor.B．Theauthorwouldbebeyondtheagelimit.C．Shedidn'twanttheauthortosufferagain.D．Theauthorhadnointerestinthepetition.解析：选B句意理解题。根据最后一段中的“Yes,nextyearIwouldbe15andnotallowedtotakepartinthepetition.”可以判断，“我”由于超过年龄限制，不能再参赛。D(2018·重庆市重点中学高三第一次联考)IfyouarelikemostEnglishlearners,youmaybefamiliarwiththis:Youthinkyouunderstandatopic.Yetwhenaskedtousewhatyouhavelearned,youarenotabletoremembertheinformation.Notbeingabletoretrieve(数据检索)newideascouldhappenonatestoreveninaconversation.SarahLynn,aneducationalconsultantandteacher,thinksEnglishlearnerscanimprovetheirabilitytorememberandusenewwordsbytestingthemselves.Sheaddsthatself­testingimprovesretrieval—theabilitytouseandremembernewwords.Lynnisnottheonlyexpertwhoremendsself­testing.ApaperinJournalofAppliedResearchinMemoryandCognitionsaysonebenefitoftestingpracticeisthatitimprovesretrieval.Retrievinginformationoncemakesretrievingthatinformationeasierinthefuture.Inaddition,thepapersays,whenstudentstestthemselvesaspartofstudying,theylearnwhattheydonotknow.Whenstudentsknowwhattheydonotunderstand,theycanpayattentiontooveringtheirweaknesses.Lynnremendsthatlearnerstestthemselvesbygettingawayfromwhattheyarestudying.Then,theyshouldtestthemselvesbythinkingaboutwhattheyhavelearned.Sheremendsthatlearnersmakethemselveswriteorspeaksomething.Lynnsuggestsreadingsomethingorwatchingavideoonthetopic,thengettingridofthereadingorvideomaterialandsummarizingit.Thiswillallowlearnerstotestwhattheyknow.NexttimeyouarestudyingEnglish,trytotestyourself.Butdonotjustassumethatyoucanreadsomethingonceortwiceandfullyunderstandit.Evenifyouhighlightimportantpointsortakenotesinaclass,youprobablydonotfullyunderstandwhatyoulearned.Afterall,Olympicathletescannotlearnhowtoswimorrunjustfromreadingabook.Theyhavetopracticeswimmingorrunningeverydayforyears.Theyoftenpeteinracestotesttheirskills.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SarahLynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。12．What'sthemonsituationfacedbyEnglishlearners?A．Theyfailtoeupwithnewideas.B．Theyarenotfamiliarwithacertaintopic.C．Theydon'tlearnaswellastheythink.D．Theydon'tknowhowtoimprovetheirtest­takingskills.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段可知，英语学习者中普遍存在的一个问题是他们掌握的知识并没有自己想象中的那么好。故C项正确。13．WhichistheadvicegivenbyLynnaboutself­testing?A．Recallwhat'slearnedwiththebookclosed.B．Rememberwhat'slearnedbyrepetitivereciting.C．Questionyourteachersonwhatyoudoubtbravely.D．Challengeyourselftolearnfromvideos.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Lynnremendsthatlearnerstestthemselvesbygettingawayfromwhattheyarestudying.”和“Lynnsuggestsreadingsomethingorwatchingavideoonthetopic,thengettingridofthereadingorvideomaterialandsummarizingit.”可知，Lynn建议人们脱离阅读材料或视频材料进行自我检测，故A项正确。14．WhyareOlympicathletesmentioned?A．Toshowhowtobesuccessfulathletes.B．Tomakepeopleconfidentoflearning.C．TowarnEnglishlearnersnottobeproud.D．Tostressthesignificanceofpractice.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是“Olympica