英语专业八级翻译练习题

英语专业八级翻译练习题1．英译汉（1）PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau'sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone'sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof"Thepleasureoftakingpains".Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.

Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的"高层次"，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特·弗罗斯特言及"以苦为乐"时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。即便于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要它，因为设若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋；如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则，这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于，应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。（2）Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可构成一种威胁，并可作为离婚的一个顺理成章的（或现成的）缘由。除了所有这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作为一种社会体制，家庭以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。于大多数人而言，这样的一个家庭基础，即使从其表层意义上来讲，也需要不至一个人来维持其存在，并使其世代相传，生生不息。（3）Thoughfondofmanyacquaintances,Idesireanintimacyonlywithafew.TheManinBlack,whomIhaveoftenmentioned,isonewhosefriendshipIcouldwishtoacquire,becausehepossessesmyesteem.Hismanners,itistrue,aretincturedwithsomestrangeinconsistencies,andhemaybejustlytermedahumoristinanationofhumorists.Thoughheisgenerouseventoprofusion,heaffectstobethoughtaprodigyofparsimonyandprudence;thoughhisconversationberepletewiththemostsordidandselfishmaxims,hisheartisdilatedwiththemostunboundedlove.Ihaveasaviolationoftheconventionsregardingmarriageandanexampleofmoraldegeneration.Muchenraged,hesentofficersandsoldiersfromtheheaven,whocapturedWhiteSnake,andusingmagicalpowershehimselfincarceratedWhiteSnakeunderneathapagoda.Formanyyearsafterwards,GreenSnakehidherselfindeepmountainsandgaveherselfrigorousspiritualandmartialartstraining.Intheendshesucceededintopplingthepagodaandrescuedhermistress.NowWhiteSnakewasreunitedwithherhusbandandson.Thesnakeintheoperaisendowedwiththenoblecharacterofhumannature.（2）乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。

晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。"

钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说："钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。"

Thegeneralpublicmightbewell-acquaintedwiththesongscomposedbyQiaoYu,buttheymightactuallyknowverylittleabouthistwomajorhobbies-fishingandwine-drinking.Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:“Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenters/resortswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal."Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone'stemperamentandtoone'shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:"Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically."（3）中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology.Thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.（4）1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……OnFebruary2,1997,ourdelegationcheckedintotheZhongXinHotelbythesideoftheRiyuetaiLake.Itwasalready3o'clockearlythenextmorningbythetimeIsawoffthelastgroupofguests.Foralongtime,Icouldnotfallasleep,eventhoughIwascomfortablylyinginthebed.Puttingonmyclothesagain,Igotoffthebedandwalkedtothewindow.Extendingmyeyesintothedistancethroughthewindow,IwasgreetedbytheviewofthesurroundingmountainsandhillsshroudedinlayeredgreennessandthesilveryflickeringofwavesscuttlingacrossthesurfaceofthePool.Lookingatthesolenaturally-formedpicturesquelakeinThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.

IntheRiyuetaiLake,thewavesacrossthelakesurfacehavebynowallvanished.Envelopedinuttertranquility,the（5）加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。In1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheus