电力专业英语阅读与翻译 课件 5-Power Transformers、6-DistributionSystems and Loads

电力专业英语(5)PowerTransformers参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06PowerTransformers1.AnelectrictransformerisadevicethatchangesACelectricenergyatonevoltagelevelintoACelectricenergyatanothervoltagelevelthroughtheactionofamagneticfield.尝试翻译1.AnelectrictransformerisadevicethatchangesACelectricenergyatonevoltagelevelintoACelectricenergyatanothervoltagelevelthroughtheactionofamagneticfield.生词adj.

有磁性的magnetic

翻译变压器是通过磁场作用将一个电压等级的电能转换为另一电压等级电能的设备。PowerTransformers说明这是描述设备、装置的典型陈述句式。其大体结构是：设备名称＋设备功能＋实现途径。一般来说，其中的设备名称做主语，设备功能做谓语，实现途径做谓语。PowerTransformers2.Thefirststep-downofvoltagefromtransmissionlevelstodistributionlevelsisatthebulk-powersubstation,wherethereductionistoarangeof34.5to138kV,depending,ofcourse,upontransmission-linevoltage.尝试翻译翻译从传输等级到配电等级的第一次降压发生在大容量变电站，降低到34.5kV至138kV的范围，当然，这取决于输电线的电压。PowerTransformers说明ofcourse是插入语，在翻译时应提到所属的现在分词短语的最前面。thereductionisto相当于itisreducedto.PowerTransformers3.Inapowertransformerthecoilsareplacedonanironcorewhichismadeofferromagneticmaterialinordertoconfinethefluxsothatalmostallofthefluxlinkinganyonecoillinksalltheothers.尝试翻译3.Inapowertransformerthecoilsareplacedonanironcorewhichismadeofferromagneticmaterialinordertoconfinethefluxsothatalmostallofthefluxlinkinganyonecoillinksalltheothers.生词n.线圈coil

ironcoreferromagneticconfine

flux

n.铁心adj.铁磁的，铁磁体vt.限制，使局限于n.流量，(磁)通量PowerTransformers说明在thefluxlinkinganyonecoillinksalltheothers从句中，theflux是主语，links是谓语，alltheothers是宾语，linkinganyonecoil是修饰theflux的定语。翻译在电力变压器中，线圈置于一个铁芯上。该铁心由铁磁材料制成，以约束磁通，使链接任一线圈的磁通几乎都通过其他线圈。PowerTransformers4.Thewindingacrosswhichimpedanceorotherloadmaybeconnectediscalledthesecondarywindingoroutputwindingandanycircuitelementsconnectedtothiswindingaresaidtobeonthesecondarysideofthetransformer.尝试翻译4.Thewindingacrosswhichimpedanceorotherloadmaybeconnectediscalledthesecondarywindingoroutputwindingandanycircuitelementsconnectedtothiswindingaresaidtobeonthesecondarysideofthetransformer.生词n.绕组，线圈winding

翻译可以连接阻抗和其他负载的绕组被称为二次绕组或输出绕组，任何与其相连的电路元件都被称为在变压器的二次侧。secondary

adj.二级的，二次侧的，副的PowerTransformers说明这个长句由两个分句组成，由and联结。第一个分句中，acrosswhichimpedanceorotherloadmaybeconnected是一个介词置前的定语从句，修饰主语winding。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Impedanceorotherloadmaybeconnectedacrossawinding;thewindingiscalledthesecondarywindingoroutputwinding;Anycircuitelementsconnectedtothiswindingaresaidtobeonthesecondarysideofthetransformer.PowerTransformers5.Weshallbeginouranalysisbyassumingthatthefluxvariessinusoidallyinthecoreandthatthetransformerisideal,whichmeansthatthepermeabilityμofthecoreisinfiniteandtheresistanceofthewindingsiszero.尝试翻译5.Weshallbeginouranalysisbyassumingthatthefluxvariessinusoidallyinthecoreandthatthetransformerisideal,whichmeansthatthepermeabilityμofthecoreisinfiniteandtheresistanceofthewindingsiszero.生词adj.按正弦(曲线)变化的sinusoidally

翻译开始分析前，我们先假定磁通在铁芯中按正弦规律变化，而且变压器是理想的，也就是说铁芯的磁导率μ无穷大而绕组的电阻为零。permeability

n.磁导率；渗透性PowerTransformers说明beginanalysisby意思为“以……开始分析”，为了句子通顺连贯，可以意译。whichmeansthat…是定语从句中嵌套了宾语从句，可以解释为“这意味着，其意思是”，但如上面译文给出的说法似乎可以使句子更为通顺。PowerTransformers6.Onedevicetoprovidewindinginformationistoplaceadotattheendofeachwindingsuchthatalldottedendsofwindingsarepositiveatthesametime;thatis,voltagedropsfromdottedtounmarkedterminalsofallwindingsareinphase.尝试翻译6.Onedevicetoprovidewindinginformationistoplaceadotattheendofeachwindingsuchthatalldottedendsofwindingsarepositiveatthesametime;thatis,voltagedropsfromdottedtounmarkedterminalsofallwindingsareinphase.生词adj.无标记的；无标志的unmarked

翻译提供绕组信息的一种方法是，在每个绕组的某一端放一个点，使所有绕组的带点一端同时为正；即，所有绕组从带点端到无标记端的电压降都同相。PowerTransformers说明device多用于表示“设备”，但是在本句中指的是“方法，策略”。suchthat是insuchwaythat的缩写，可以理解为“以这样一种方式”。PowerTransformers7.Thustheimpedanceconnectedtothesecondarysideisreferredtotheprimarysidebymultiplyingtheimpedanceonthesecondarysideofthetransformerbythesquareoftheratioofprimarytosecondaryvoltagewhichisalsocalledturnratio.尝试翻译7.Thustheimpedanceconnectedtothesecondarysideisreferredtotheprimarysidebymultiplyingtheimpedanceonthesecondarysideofthetransformerbythesquareoftheratioofprimarytosecondaryvoltagewhichisalsocalledturnratio.生词adj.初级的，原边的，一次侧的primary

翻译于是，将变压器二次侧的阻抗与原边和副边的电压比（也称为变比）的平方相乘，接在二次侧的阻抗可以折算到一次侧。PowerTransformers说明词组referto意思是“提到，查阅”，此处以被动语态的形式出现，可以理解为“折算到，折合为”。thesquareof表示“……的平方”。句式multiplyAbyB意思是“A与B相乘”。在primarytosecondaryvoltage中省略了primary后面的voltage，这种情况在英文科技文献中比较常见。PowerTransformers8.Whenasinusoidalvoltageisappliedtoatransformerwindingonanironcorewiththesecondarywindingopenasmallcurrentwillflowintheprimarysuchthatinawell-designedtransformerthemaximumfluxdensityBmoccursatthekneeoftheB-H,orsaturationcurveofthetransformer.尝试翻译8.Whenasinusoidalvoltageisappliedtoatransformerwindingonanironcorewiththesecondarywindingopenasmallcurrentwillflowintheprimarysuchthatinawell-designedtransformerthemaximumfluxdensityBmoccursatthekneeoftheB-H,orsaturationcurveofthetransformer.生词n.弯曲部分；转弯处knee

saturation

n.饱和PowerTransformers翻译当一个正弦电压施加到铁心上的一个变压器绕组而二次绕组开路时，会有一个小电流流过一次侧，从而在设计良好的变压器中，最大磁通密度Bm出现在B-H曲线或叫饱和曲线的“膝点”（拐弯处）。PowerTransformers说明词组beappliedto意思是“施加到，应用于”。Saturationcurve与B-Hcurve是同一事物的两种名称，因此在翻译时最好将其中间的连接词“or”译为“或者叫”而不是简单的译为“或”，以免使读者误以为这是两个不同的事物。为了便于理解，这个句子可以拆解为：Whenasinusoidalvoltageisappliedtoatransformerwindingonanironcorewiththesecondarywindingopen,(这里加了个逗号，把时间状语从句区隔开)asmallcurrentwillflowintheprimary,suchthatinawell-designedtransformerthemaximumfluxdensityBmoccursatthekneeoftheB-Hcurve,alsocalledsaturationcurve,ofthetransformer.PowerTransformers9.Dependinguponhowtheconnectionismade,thesecondaryvoltagemayaddto,orsubtractfrom,theprimaryvoltage.尝试翻译9.Dependinguponhowtheconnectionismade,thesecondaryvoltagemayaddto,orsubtractfrom,theprimaryvoltage.生词v.减；减去subtract翻译基于连接方式，二次侧电压可以叠加到一次侧电压上，或者从一次电压中减掉。PowerTransformers说明两个具有相同宾语的词组和省掉了一个宾语，共用一个。这种情况在英文科技文献中比较常见。这个句子可以补全为：Dependinguponhowtheconnectionismade,thesecondaryvoltagemayaddtotheprimaryvoltageorsubtractfromtheprimaryvoltage.PowerTransformers10.Theseobjectivesarebestachievedbyusingarelativelyhighfrequencycomparedto,say,60Hz.尝试翻译10.Theseobjectivesarebestachievedbyusingarelativelyhighfrequencycomparedto,say,60Hz.翻译通过采用相对（工频，比方说60Hz）较高的频率，这些目标得以很好的实现。说明插入到句中，前后以逗号分隔的词语say，意思是“比方说”。另外，对于不太长的状语短语，在翻译时可以适当提前。本课程参考教材：朱永强《电力专业英语阅读与翻译》机械工业出版社2024-06电力专业英语(6)DistributionSystemsandLoads参考教材：朱永强.电力专业英语阅读与翻译.机械工业出版社，2024-06IntroductionofDistributionSystemsSmallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimaryfeedersatthisvoltagelevelfromtheprimarysystem,whichalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformersprovidingsecondaryvoltagesoversingle-phasethree-wirecircuitsforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240V.尝试翻译相关术语一次的primary二次的secondary一次线路primaries二次线路secondaries其它形式Smallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimary

feedersatthisvoltagelevelfromtheprimarysystem,whichalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformersprovidingsecondary

voltagesoversingle-phasethree-wirecircuitsforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240V.重点关注常见用户类型Smallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimaryfeedersatthevoltagelevelof4~20kVfromtheprimarysystem,whichalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformersprovidingsecondaryvoltagesoversingle-phasethree-wirecircuitsforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240V.工业的industrial居民的residential商业的commercial市政的municipal农业的agricultural矿业的mining其它用户类型IntroductionofDistributionSystems重点关注线路形式Smallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimaryfeedersatthevoltagelevelof4~20kVfromtheprimarysystem,whichalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformersprovidingsecondaryvoltagesoversingle-phasethree-wirecircuitsforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240V.单相三线single-phasethree-wire

三相三线three-phasethree-wire

三相四线three-phasefour-wire

What’sthedifference?IntroductionofDistributionSystems重点关注注意一下区别和翻译方法Smallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimaryfeedersatthevoltagelevelof4~20kVfromtheprimarysystem,whichalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformersprovidingsecondaryvoltagesoversingle-phasethree-wirecircuitsforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240V.翻译小型工业用户由一次系统中此电压等级的一次馈线供电。一次系统也经过单相三线电路为居民用电和商业用户提供120/240V二次电压的配电变压器供电。IntroductionofDistributionSystems说明这个句子带有一个由which引导的很长的定语从句，修饰的主体是primarysystem。在定语从句中，providing及后面的内容构成一个现在分词短语，修饰distributiontransformers。词组provide…for…表示：“为…提供…”。为了便于理解，该句子可以拆解为：Smallindustrialcustomersaresuppliedbyprimaryfeedersatthisvoltagelevelfromtheprimarysystem;theprimarysystemalsosuppliesthedistributiontransformers;thedistributiontransformersprovidesecondaryvoltagesforresidentialandcommercialcustomersat120/240Voversingle-phasethree-wirecircuits.IntroductionofDistributionSystems尝试翻译复习术语AsillustratedinFig6.1,theaggregatedloadrepresentedatatransmissionsubstation(BusA)usuallyincludes,inadditiontotheconnectedloaddevices,theeffectsofsubstationstep-downtransformers….负荷load

设备device

表示设备的其它单词?IntroductionofDistributionSystems重点关注术语总体的，集成的aggregated

综合的，完整的integrated综合的，一体化的integrativeWhat’sthedifference?组成的,合成的compositive全面的,广泛的comprehensiveAsillustratedinFig6.1,theaggregatedloadrepresentedatatransmissionsubstation(BusA)usuallyincludes,inadditiontotheconnectedloaddevices,theeffectsofsubstationstep-downtransformers….IntroductionofDistributionSystems尝试翻译典型的插入语asshowninTab5asshowninFig3asshownaboveasillustratedin……asdemonstratedin……astheyhaveverifiedAsillustratedinFig6.1,theaggregatedloadrepresentedatatransmissionsubstation(BusA)usuallyincludes,inadditiontotheconnectedloaddevices,theeffectsofsubstationstep-downtransformers….IntroductionofDistributionSystems尝试翻译典型的插入语AsillustratedinFig6.1,theaggregatedloadrepresentedatatransmissionsubstation(BusA)usuallyincludes,inadditiontotheconnectedloaddevices,theeffectsofsubstationstep-downtransformers….inadditionto……exceptthesebehindthisIntroductionofDistributionSystems典型的插入语atpresentdaysinrecentyearsforexampleforinstancesay插入语的书写形式前后加逗号，置于句子中插入语的作用表示时间、地点、条件、图表等的状语插入语的翻译中文习惯是放在最前面IntroductionofDistributionSystems尝试翻译AsillustratedinFig6.1,theaggregatedloadrepresentedatatransmissionsubstation(BusA)usuallyincludes,inadditiontotheconnectedloaddevices,theeffectsofsubstationstep-downtransformers….IntroductionofDistributionSystems翻译如图6.1所示，在输电变电站（母线A）所给出的集合负荷中，除了所连接的负荷设备以外，通常包括变电站降压变压器的影响……。说明inadditionto表示“除了……之外”，它与后面所带宾语构成状语短语，作为插入语放在了句子中间，在翻译时应提到整个句子的谓语之前。FamiliarLoadsandTheirClassificationRoughly,Loadsaredevicesthoseconsumeelectricenergyorelectricpowerconsumedbycustomersmainlyindistributionsystem.尝试翻译翻译概略地讲，负荷主要是指在配电网中消耗电能的设备或者由用户消耗的功率。说明这个句子不长，但是翻译的时候很容易出错。这里给出了load在两个方面的含义：一是device，一是electricpower，这两个概念都主要体现在配电网中。n.配电网distributionsystemFamiliarLoadsandTheirClassificationTheLoadsabsorbelectricenergyfromthepowersystemandconvertsitintoenergyofotherforms,whichmaybeheatenergytoheatwaterortomeltirons,ormechanicalenergytodriveamachine,etc.尝试翻译翻译负荷从电力系统中吸收电能，并将其转换为其它形式的能量，可能是烧水或熔化钢铁的热能，或者是驱动机器的机械能，等等。生词n.热能heatenergyn.机械能mechanicalenergyTheLoadsabsorbelectricenergyfromthepowersystemandconvertsitintoenergyofotherforms,whichmaybeheatenergytoheatwaterortomeltirons,ormechanicalenergytodriveamachine,etc.Thiskindofloads,especiallythoseconsumeenergycalculatedbystandardcoalsmoreover10thousandsoftonsperyear,hasanameofhighenergyconsumingloads.尝试翻译Thiskindofloads,especiallythoseconsumeenergycalculatedbystandardcoalsmoreover10thousandsoftonsperyear,hasanameofhighenergyconsumingloads.生词n.标准煤standardcoal高耗能的highenergyconsuming翻译这种负荷，尤其是那些按标准煤计算每年消耗能量超过一万吨（标准煤）的负荷，有一个名字叫高耗能负荷。或者：这种负荷，尤其是那些年耗能万吨标准煤以上的负荷，被称为高耗能负荷。SynchronousGeneratorsandMotorsLoadsModelsforPowerSystemStudyAstaticloadmodelexpressesthecharacteristicoftheloadatanyinstantoftimeasalgebraicfunctionsofthebusvoltagemagnitudeandfrequencyatthatinstant.尝试翻译Astaticloadmodelexpressesthecharacteristi