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选择性必修第二册UNIT4HUMOUR(一)高考题型组合练(一)Ⅰ.阅读理解A“Canyouimagine?”DiébédoFrancisKérésaidtoNPR,“IwasborninBurkinaFaso,alittlevillagewheretherewasnoschool.AndmyfatherwantedmetolearnhowtoreadandwriteverysimplybecausethenIcouldtranslateorreadhimhisletters.”ThefirstBlackwinnerofthePritzkerArchitecturePrizewasassurprisedasanyoneelsetobeselectedforthefield’smostfamousprize.Manyarchitectshadopenlysupposedthat2022wouldbeSirDavidAdjaye’syear,whoisbestknownfordesigningnotablebuildingsastheNobelPeaceCenterinNorway.Kéré,whoisbasedinBerlinbutcentersmuchofhispracticeinAfrica,hasbeen—untilnow—farlesserknown,withbuildingsthatincludeprimaryschoolsandahealthcareclinic.Whenhewastwenty,in1985,KéréearnedascholarshiptostudycarpentryinBerlin.ButhealsoattendednightschoolandwasadmittedtoTechnischeUniversitätBerlin,fromwhichhegraduatedin2004withanadvanceddegreeinarchitecture.HewasstillastudentwhenhedesignedandbuilttheinnovativeGandoPrimarySchool.Kéré’sarchitecturalpracticewasinspiredbyhisownexperienceattendingschoolwitharound100otherchildreninaregionwithtemperaturesover100F.“It’sveryhotinside.Andtherewasnolight,whileoutside,thesunlightwasabundant.Ithink,onedayIshouldmakeitbetter.Iwasthinkingaboutspace,aboutroom,abouthowIcouldfeelbetter.”InhisdesignsforGandoPrimarySchoolandNaabaBelemGoummaSecondarySchool,Kérédrewontraditionalbuildingmaterialssuchaslocalclaymixedwithconcrete,andemphasizedshadeandshadows,makingspacesbrightenoughandlettingairin,andthusreducingtheneedforairconditioning.Hewantedthebuildingstoevokethesenseofanoasis(绿洲),aplaceformanychildren,tobehappyandlearnhowtoreadandwrite.1.WhydidthePritzkerArchitecturePrizeof2022comeoutasasurprise?A.Becauseitisthemostfamousprize.B.Becausethewinneronlydesignsschools.C.BecauseKéréwasn’tfirstselectedasacandidate.D.Becauseanothercompetitorwasmorefamous.2.WhatinspiredKéré’sarchitecturework?A.HisacademictraininginBerlin.B.Hardshipinhisearlychildhood.C.Anarchitecturalcontest.D.Hisexperiencetravelingabroad.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKéréasanarchitect?A.Creativeanduniversal.B.Determinedandambitious.C.Caringandpractical.D.Devotedandproductive.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheschoolsdesignedbyKéré?A.Theyarewelllitandcool.B.Theyonlyusetraditionalmaterials.C.Theyneednoairconditioning.D.Theyarebuiltonoases.B(2023·四川成都诊断性检测)It’sasimpleyeteffectivemessagethatappeals,andleadstoasatisfyingwayofmotivatingustopromoteenvironmentalisminourownway.BorninNairobi,LeseinMutunkeiisinhislateteens,andhisTrees4Goalsisthemeanswithwhichheintendstomaketheworldgreener.Itunitestwoofhisselfdeclaredpassionsinlife:loveoftheoutdoors,withhisloveoffootball.Leseinenjoyedwalkingintheforest,butrecognisedhiscountrywasexperiencingaseriouslossoftreecover.Between2001and2020,Kenyalostanestimated11%oftrees,releasingasmanyas176milliontonsofCO2.InablogpostforWWFKenya,Leseinrevealedthat,oncehestartedtheTrees4Goalsinitiative,heoriginallyplannedtoplantonetreepergoal.By2020,hewantedtotakehiseffortsevenfurther.Whatstartedasonetreeplantedpergoalmushroomedinto11treesplantedpergoal.Explainingthereasoningbehindexpandingthetreeplanting,hesaid,“Itrepresentsteameffortinfootballandthecontributionbymyteam.Ihavemanagedtohitthe1,000thtreemilestoneinthelasttwoyears.”Whileit’ssomethingofanowngoaltodestroytheforestsandjunglesprovidingenormousbiodiversity,innovativeinitiativeslikeTrees4Goalsareanassuredwaytoscoreanenvironmentalisthattrick.Footballispopular.Itcutsthroughculturalbarriersirrespectiveofthecountryitisplayedin.Byincreasingthetreesplantedpergoal,withmoresuchinitiativesspringingup,evenmorewillbegrown.Likeaseed,bestideasstartsmallandchangeintosomethingthatcanbecomefarlargerthananticipated.WhileLeseincontinuesplanting11treespergoal,Kenyangovernmentisaimingtoensuretheplantingof1.8billiontreestoreach10%forestcoverage.Thesciencebehindisclear:if900millionhectaresaredevotedtohalfatrilliontrees,theworldcanoffset(抵消)halfofallcarbonreleasedsince1960.5.WhatgaveLeseintheideaoflaunchingtheproject?A.ReleaseoftoomuchCO2.B.Dreamofmotivatingothers.C.Passionforsportsandnature.D.Habitofexercisinginthewoods.6.WhatdidLeseindoin2020?A.HecreatedablogforWWF.B.Hemultipliedhiscommitment.C.Heplantedonetreeforeachgoal.D.Heextendedhisworktootherteams.7.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“owngoal”inparagraph4referto?A.Aimthatisintendedtoachieve.B.Actionthatharmsone’sowninterests.C.Pursuittowardwhicheffortisdirected.D.Goalthatisscoredfortheopposingteam.8.WhatcanwelearnfromLesein’sstory?A.United,wewin.B.Nopains,nogains.C.Loveme,lovemydog.D.Smalldeeds,bigdifference.CAcomputerprogrammecanidentifybreastcancerfromroutinescanswithgreateraccuracythanhumanexperts,someresearcherssaid.Theyhopedwhattheydevelopedcouldproveabreakthroughinthefightagainsttheglobalkiller.Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen,withmorethan2millionnewdiagnoseslastyearalone.Regularscreeningisvitalindetectingtheearliestsignsofthediseaseinpatientswhoshownoobvioussymptoms.InBritain,womenover50areadvisedtogetanexaminationofthebreasteverythreeyears,theresultsofwhichareanalyzedbytwoindependentexperts.Butinterpretingthescansleavesroomforerror,andasmallpercentageofallmammograms(乳房X光检查)eitherreturnafalsepositive—misdiagnosingahealthypatientashavingcancer—orfalsenegative—missingthediseaseasitspreads.NowresearchersatGoogleHealthhavetrainedanartificialintelligencemodeltodetectcancerinbreastscansfromthousandsofwomeninBritainandtheUnitedStates.Theimageshadalreadybeenreviewedbydoctorsinreallifebutunlikeinaclinicalsetting,themachinehadnopatienthistorytoinformitsdiagnoses.TheteamfoundthattheirAImodelcouldpredictbreastcancerfromthescanswithasimilaraccuracyleveltoexpertradiographers.Further,theAIshowedareductionintheproportionofcaseswherecancerwasincorrectlyidentified—5.7percentintheUSand1.2percentinBritain,respectively.Italsoreducedthepercentageofmisseddiagnosesby9.4percentamongUSpatientsandby2.7percentinBritain.“Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancer,thebetteritisforthepatient,”DominicKing,theUKleadatGoogleHealth,toldAFP.“Wethinkaboutthistechnologyinawaythatsupportsandenablesanexpert,orapatientultimately,togetthebestoutcomefromwhateverdiagnosticsthey’vehad.”9.Whatisofgreatimportanceindiscoveringbreastcanceratanearlystage?A.Dailyscanning.B.Humanexperts.C.Regularscreening.D.Acomputerprogram.10.Whatcanweinferaboutbreastcancerfromthethirdparagraph?A.Itmaybeconnectedwithage.B.Itcanbecuredinmostcases.C.Thepatientstendtobenegative.D.Itisfrequentlymisdiagnosed.11.What’sDominicKing’sattitudetowardthenewtechnology?A.Skeptical. B.Cautious.C.Favorable. D.Indifferent.12.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Regularscreeningisimportantforwomenwhoareover50.B.Theearlieryouidentifyabreastcancerthebettertheresultis.C.Breastcancerisoneofthemostcommoncancersinwomen.D.AIismorepowerfulthanexpertsindiagnosingbreastcancer.Ⅱ.七选五Justasaphilosophersays,Ithink,thereforeIam.However,whenitcomestoeffectiveteachingandlearninginformedbycognitivescience—thescienceofthemind—it’sperhapsmoreappropriatetosay:1So,whatdoeseffortfulthinkinglooklike?Here,weexploretwomodesofeffortfulthinking,ordiggingdeep.2Ifyouwerebuildingawell,wouldyouspendfiveminutesdiggingashallowholeandthencallitaday,orwouldyouspendtimeandeffortdiggingcontinuouslyuntilyoustruckwater?Ithinkwecanallagreethatdiggingdeeperforlongerwouldbebest.3Thelongerandmoreeffortfullywethinkaboutsomething,themoredurableits“memorytrace”willbeandthemoreaccessiblethatinformationwillbecome.Ifyouwantlearningtobeconnected,trydigginglikeanarchaeologist.Imagineyouareonanarchaeologicaldig,carefullyunearthingtheremainsofanancientcity.Forinstance,ratherthansimplylabelinganitem“spoon”,youwouldinsteadtagitas“anironspoon,probablymadeforachild”.Youknowthatorganiz
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