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afouriertransformpair傅里叶变换对abnormality畸形，不正常abrupt，急剧的，不连续的abstraction抽象academia学术界accountfor说明，占acoustic声学的acquisition采集adaptiveequalization自适应均衡adaptivedifferenytialPCM自适应微分PCMadaptiveDPCM自适应DPCMadder加法器additiveWhitegaussiannoise(AWGN)加性高斯白噪声add-on附加add-on附加物addressbus地址总线addressdecrement地址减量addressincrement地址增量addressingmode寻址模式addressing寻址ADM自适应增量调制algebraicfunction代数函数algebraicfunction代数函数algebra代数学algorithm算法algorithm算法alongwith随同，，一起alphabet字符表alternative可供选择的办法alter改变ALU算术逻辑ALU算术逻辑单元ALU算术逻辑单元amongst在。。中间amountofinformation信息量amountofinformation信息量amountto等于amountto等于amplitude幅度amplitude振幅AM调幅anintegralpart不可分割的部分anupper-frequencylimit频率上限analogously类似地analog模拟animation动画annotation注解antenna天线anticipate预期AOPCM自适应差分脉冲编码调制API：applicationprogramminginterface应用程序接口appreciable可评价的arbitarily任意地arbitrarily任意地architecture体系结构archivalstorage档案库存储器archivalstorage文档库存储器archival档案的argument自变量artificialboundary人工边界artificialintelligence人工智能artificialintelligence人工智能asamatterofconvenience为方便起见asyet迄今ASIC专用集成电路ASIC专用集成电路ASKamplitude-shiftkeying振幅键控ASK振幅键控assemblylanguage汇编语言assign分配attenuate衰减attenuate衰减attribute属性attribute属性audiblespectrum声谱audiblespectrum声谱audible听得见的autocorrelationfunction自相关函数AVI:audiovideointerleaved声像文件AWGN加性高斯白噪声backgroundnoise背景噪音balancedcircuit平衡电路bandlimitedgaussianchannel限带高斯信道bandwidthefficiency带宽效率bank组baudrate波特率baudrate波特率befreeto随意beatlibertyto被允许becloseto接近beconditionedto习惯于beessentialfor对，，必不可少berepresentativeof表示，代表besomethingof有一点behavioral行为的BER误码率bidirectionaltransmission双向传输bidrectional双向的biterrorratio误码率bitrate比特率bitwiseoperation逐位运算blending混合blend混合blockcode分组码boundaryrepresentation边界表示法boundaryrepressentation边界表示法BPM:位图bps(bitspersecond)比特/秒braided编织的bringout生产,使显示broadly概括地，大致地bruteforcemethod强制法brute强制的buildingblock标准部件buildingblock标准部件built-ininterface嵌入式界面built-in内置的，嵌入的bus总线cachememory高速缓冲存储器cachememory高速缓冲存贮器carrierwave载波categorize分类CELP码激励线性估计channelbandwidth信道带宽channelcapacity信道容量channelcoding信道编码characteristic特征clear-cut明确的clockcycle时钟周期clockcycle时钟周期coaxialcable同轴电缆codedistancecodedistance码距codeweight码权codedmodulation编码调制codeword码字codinggain编码增益cognitivefunction认知功能cognitive认知的，有感知的collection集合collectively公共的commence开始community团体compact简洁的compact简洁的compact紧凑的companding压扩compandor压扩器companion同伴compiler编译器compiler编译器complementary补充的complement补充，补足complication复杂化compression压缩compressorratio压缩比compressor压缩器compress压缩compromise危害，损害computervision计算机视觉computerized计算机化的concealment隐藏conceptually概念地conflict冲突constituent形成的,组成的constraintlength制约长度constraintlength制约长度constraint约束contamination污染contemplate预期continuum连续统一体contour轮廓contour轮廓contrastenhancement对比度增强contrast对比度controlsystemdesign控制系统设计convolutional卷积的convolutional卷积码convolution卷积coordinate坐标copperwire铜钱copper铜线correspondto相应，符合cosine余弦covariance协方差creativity创造力crestfactor振幅因数crosstalk串话curvefitting曲线拟合customize定制cw（continuouswave）连续波cycliccode循环码cyclicshift循环移位cyclicshift循环移位cyclicshift循环移位DAE：differential-algebraicequation微分代数方程dataacquistition数据采集datacompression图像压缩datapre-processing数据预处理datastream数据流datastructure数据结构datastructure数据结构datathroughput数据吞吐率datatransfer数据传送datatransmission数据传输debugger调试程序debugging调试的decibel分贝decoder解码器decrement减缩，减值dedicatedcircuit专用电路dedicatedintegratedcircuit专用集成电路dedicated专用的degradation退化deltafunction狄拉克函数,δ函数demonstrate证明denote指示derivation（公式）推导descriptivestatistics描述统计学descriptivestatistics描述统计descriptor描述子designation指示designation指示。指定deterministicwaveform确定性波形deterministic确定性的devise设计dibit二位二进制数dice掷骰子die骰子differencesignal差分信号differentialequation微分方程DifferentialPulseCodeModulation差分脉冲编码调制differentiate区别differentiation微分法digitalimage数字图像digitalfilter数字滤波器digitalsignalprocessing数字信号处理digitalsignalprocessor数字信号处理器digitizer数字化仪digitize将。。数字化dimensional...维的directquantization直接量化disable禁止，使失效discipline学科discretelevel离散电平discrete离散的disperse分散的disregard忽视distinct不同的distortionlesstransmission无失真传输distortion失真distortion失真distort失真DM:deltamodulation增量调制，δ调制double-precision双精度的DPCM差分脉冲编码调制DPCM差分脉冲编码调制DPCM差分脉码调制DPSK（DifferentialPSK)差分相位键控DPSK差分相位键控drainoff渐渐枯竭drawback缺点，障碍dueto由于dynamic动态的earthandlifescience地球和生命科学echocancellation回波消除echocanceller回波抵消器echosuppressor回波抑制器echo回声eigenvalue特征值electromagneticradiation电磁辐射electromagneticspectrum电磁波频谱electromagnetic~:电磁交感electromagneticradiation电磁辐射electromagneticwave电磁波electromagnetivespectrum电磁波频谱electronmicroscopy电子显微镜electronmicroscopy电子显微镜elliptic椭圆的emanatefrom发源embed使嵌入emulate模拟encoder编码器encoding编码encompass包括enhancement增强ensembleaverage集平均ensemble集，总体,整体enterinto参加，涉及entropy熵，平均信息量envelopedelaydistortion包络线延迟失真envelopedelay包络延迟,群时延equalizer均衡器equivalent相等的erasure插除ergodicprocess各态历经过程ergodic各态历经的erratic不稳定的errorcorrectioncode纠错码errordetectioncode检错码errorintervals误差间隔evaluation计算eventual最后的ever-growing日益增长evolve使发展excel表格处理软件excessively过分的execution执行exempligratia（e.g.）例如expectation期望expectation期望值explicitly明白地exploration探险extension扩展名externalroutine外部程序externaldatabase外部数据库externalmemory外部存储器externalmemory外存externalroutine外部程序extreme极端的，偏激的factorization因数分解fade衰落falloff下降family系列FDM频分多路复用FDM频分多路复用featureselection特征选择featureselection特征选择FEC前向纠错FER：forwarderrorcorrection前向纠错fetch存取FFT快速傅里叶变换fiber光纤fileentension文件扩展名fileextension文件扩展名filedprogrammablegatearray现场可编程们阵列film胶卷filterbank滤波器组filter滤波flatscreen平面屏幕flatscreen平面屏幕floating-pointoperation浮点运算floating-pointoperationspersecondFLOPS浮点运算次数每秒formidable困难的formulas公式化formula公式fortran一种计算机语言Fouriertransform傅里叶变换FPGA快速傅里叶变换fractional部分的fractional部分的framebuffer帧缓冲器framebuffer帧缓冲器frequencycomponent频率成分frequencycomponent频率成分FSK(frenquency移频键控FSK频移键控full-custom全定制的functionality函数性fundamentally基础地gamma伽马射线gap间隙gaussianchannel高斯信道gaussianprocess高斯过程gaussian高斯的GDI：graphicaluserinterface图形用户接口generality一般性general-purposeDSPgeneral-purpose通用的generatordiagram状态图generatormatrix生成矩阵generatormatrix生成矩阵generatorpolynomial生成多项式geographicmapping地理制图geographicmapping地理制图giga千兆goggles墨镜granularnoise颗粒噪声graylevel灰度级grid格子hammingdistance汉明间距Hartley-Shannonlaw哈特莱-香农定理Harvardarchitecture哈佛体系结构Harvardarchitecture哈佛体系结构HDF:hierarchicaldataformat层次数据格式headgear头戴听筒hereafter今后heuristic启发式的HF(highfrequency)高频high-levellanguage高级语言high-level高级的highlight强调histogram直方图HLL高级语言homebase工作基地homepage主页horizontal水平的house保存idealexpectation理想期望值ideallowpassfilter理想低通滤波器identical同一的，同样的identical一致的identity标示imageacquistion图像获取imagesharpening图像锐化imagedegradation图像退化imagepre-processing图像预处理imageprocessingtoolbox图像处理工具箱imagerestoration图像恢复imagesensor摄像传感器imagesensor摄像传感器imageunderstanding图像理解imageunderstanding图像理解immune免疫的impairment损害impairment损害，损伤implementation实现import输入impractical不切实际的impress施加inanutshell简言之inanutshell简言之inanattemptto力图inaneffortto企图inbetween在，，之间inconnectionwith与...有关inphase同相地,协调地inplaceof代替inpractice实际中inprinciple原则上inrelationto关于intermsof根据inthelimit在极限情况下inadvertently不注意地inaudible听不见的incidental偶然的incorporated（Inc.）股份有限公司incorporate合并increment增量，增加individual个别的infancy开始infiniteimpulseresponse无限脉冲相应inflection弯曲informationtransfer信息传递infrequent罕见的inherent固有的initialvalue初值ink-jet喷墨insight洞察力insrtuctionset指令集instantaneous瞬间的instructionfetch指令取出instructional教育的，指导的instrumentation仪器intact原封不动的，完整的integral积分integral组成的，主要的，必备的integratedcircuit集成电路intelligibility可懂度，清晰度intelligible清晰的intensity强度，亮度interaction交互作用interactive交互式的interconnect使相互连接intergration积分（法）internalmemory内部存储器internationalstandard国际标准interpolate插值interpolation内插intersymbolinterference码间干扰interval间隔introductory介绍的，初步的，导言的intuitively直觉地intuitive直觉的inverseoperation逆操作isosurface等面的iterativemethod迭代法javajointly公共的，联合的JPEG联合图像专家组JPEG:jointphotographicexpertsgroup联合图像专家组JPEG联合图像专家组jukebox自动光盘机jumble混杂justify调整，证明正确large-scaleproduction大规模生产lease出租legend图注library库likelihood可能likely可能的likeness相像的likewise同样地likewise同样地linearprediction线性预测linearalgebra线性代数linearequation线性方程linearity线性line-of-sightpropagation直线传播line-of-sight视线live生动的logpulsePCMquantizer对数脉冲PCM量化器logictable逻辑表logictable逻辑表look-uptable查找表loop-uptable查找表lowerbound下界lowerbound下界macroinstruction宏指令magnetictape磁带magneticdisk磁盘magnetic磁的makemeasurement量度makeupfor补偿manufacturer制造业者margin余量markedly显著地massstorage海量存储器massive大量的materialize实现matrixcomputation矩阵计算matrixfactorization矩阵化分解matrixfactorization矩阵因子分解matrixfactorzation矩阵因数分解matrix矩阵maximummagnitude最大幅值mesh网目，网格metalfoil金属箔miniaturize使微型化minimum最小的，最低的MIPS百万条指令每秒mnemonicassemblylanguage助记汇编语言mnemonicsassemblylanguage助记汇编语言mnemonic助记符modulatedsignal已调信号modulatedsignal已调信号modulatingsignal调制信号modulo-2adder模2加法器modulo以。。为模MOPS百万次运算每秒MOPS百万次运算每秒moreorless差不多的morphological形态学的MPE多脉冲激励MSE均方误差multilevelencoding多电平编码multiplication乘法multiplier乘法器must必须的naturalness逼真度noisefreechannel无噪信道noncritical非临界的nonetheless虽然如此，但是nonlinearoperation非线性运算nonoverlapping不相叠的normalized规格化的，归一化的normalize使标准化的numericalintergration数值积分numeric数字的nutshell最简单扼要的表现法objective目标obscure使暗ODE：ordinarydifferentiatialequation常微分方程offline脱机的onprinciple按照原则ontheotherhand另一面ontheaverage平均，一般来说on-line在线的on-off开关的OOP：object-orientedprogramming面向对象程序设计openarchitecture开放型结构openarchitecture开放式体系结构operatingmode工作模式opticaldisk光盘opticalfiber光纤optical光学的optimize优化orthogonalsignaling正交信号orthogonal正交的outcome结果outline提纲out-of-phase异相地,不协调地overallperformance总性能overlap部分重叠override压倒overwhelm淹没PAM脉幅调制PAM:pulseamplitudemodulation脉冲振幅调制PAM脉福调制pan摇摄parabolic抛物线的paradigm范例parallelmultiplier并联乘法器parallel并行的parallelism并行性，并行操作parameter参数parametriccoder参数编码器parametric参数的parity奇偶校验parseval’stheorem帕斯瓦尔定理parseval'stheorem巴塞瓦尔定理partialfractionexpansion部分分数展开partition分割patch补片PCM:pulsecodemodulation脉冲编吗调制PCM脉冲编码调制PCX:图形文件PDE：partialdifferentiatialequation偏微分方程pde偏微分方程PDM脉宽调制peakmagnitude峰值pel像素perceive察觉perception感知periodoftime时段periodic周期的peripheral外围的，外围设备phasedelay相位延迟physicalsystem物理系统physicalfact外界存在的事实physicalsignificance物理意义physicalsystem物理系统pictorial图示的pictureelement像素pitch基波pixel像素platform平台PLD可编程逻辑器件plotting绘图，标图plot图表ploynomial多项式PNG:portablenetworkgraphic可移植的网络图像文件格式polar极性的polynomial多项式positivepulse正脉冲powerconsumption功耗powerspectraldensity功率谱密度PPM:pulsephasemodulation脉冲相位调制PPM脉冲相位调制preclude消除，预防predictivecoding预测编码preference偏爱prescribe指定，规定preset预置presumably推测起来presumed假定的probabilisticmodel概率模型probabilistic概率的probabilitydensity概率密度probabilityoferror误码率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数processingspeed数据处理速度productioncost生产成本productivity生产力，生产率product乘积programmemory程序存贮器programmablegatearray可编程逻辑器件project项目pronounced显著的，明显的proportionalto比例的prototype样机prototyping样机研究providedthat假如PSK(phase-shfitkeying)移相键控pulseduration脉冲宽度pulsetrain脉冲序列pyramidal金字塔形的quadrature求积分quantitativeinformation定量信息quantizationerror量化误差quantization量化quantizer均匀量化器quantize量化quantumlevel量化电平quantumstepsize量化步长quantum量,量子论quiver容器radiowave无线电波radiowave无线电波RAM内存randomprocess随机过程randompulse随机脉冲randompulses随机脉冲randomvariable随机变量rawdata原始数据raw未加工的reactto对...作出反应reactivate复原，重激活real-timeconversation实时reception接受recognized公认的reconstructed重建的recoverable可恢复的recursive递归的redundant冗余的refertoas称为regression回归reliably可靠地，安全地reliance信赖的remoteterminal远程终端rendering绘制render致使repetiton重复，循环representation表示法representative典型的reshape改造residualsignal残留剩余信号resolution分辨resonantfrequency共振频率resurface重新出现Retransmission转发reveal揭示reversal反转ribbon带状物risetime上升时间rms均方根root-mean-squareerror均方误差root-mean-square均方根root-mean-square均方根root-mean-square均方根roundoff四舍五入roundoff舍入roundoff四舍五入rounding舍入，四舍五入round-trip来回的routine程序routine程序rugged不规则的rupture破裂，绝缘击穿sacrifice牺牲samplefunction样本函数samplefunction样本函数scalar标量scale改变比例scatter散点图scroll卷动segmentation分割selectively仔细挑选separation间隔，距离serially连续地，串行地Shannon-Hartleylaw香农-哈特莱定律shieldedcable屏蔽电缆shield屏蔽，保护shiftregister移位寄存器short-termprediction短期预测signalpower信号功率signalingpulse信号脉冲signalingspeed通信速度,发码速率signal-to-noiseratio信号噪声比signal-to-noiseratio信噪比siliconchip硅片siliconcompiler硅编译器simplification简化simulation模仿simultaneously同时地simultaneous同时的simultaneous同时的single-sidednoisepowerdensity单边噪功率密度single-sidednoisepowerdensity单边噪声功率密度singularvalue奇异值singular奇异的skeletal骨架的SNRsignal-to-noiseratio信噪比softwarepackage软件包sophisticated复杂的sophisticated复杂的spacing间隔，间距span横跨sparsematrix稀疏矩阵sparse稀疏的spatial空间的specializedhardware专用硬件spectralcomponents频光谱分量speechspectrum语音频谱speechcoding语音编码speechenhancement语音增强speechintelligibility语音可懂度speechrecognition语音识别sphere球squarewavesignal矩形波信号stage级standfor代表statediagram状态图statediagram状态图state-of-the-art发展现状state-of-the-art目前发展水平stationary平稳的statisticalcharacteristic统计特征statisticalaverage统计平均值statistical统计的statisticallyindependent统计独立statistics统计statistic统计上的;统计量stem杆stepsize步长stereodisplay立体显示stereodisplay立体显示Stereophonic立体声的streamline流线型的structuredlanguage结构化语言structuredlanguage结构化语言subjectivetesting主观测试的submarinecable海底电缆suboptimal次最佳的subroutine子程序subroutine子程序subsequent后来的subset子集successivepulse连续脉冲suitto适合supercomputer巨型计算机suppressedcarrier抑制载波suppressor抑制器systematiccode系统码systematiccode系统码systematic系统的tackle解决takeon具有，呈现taxonomy分类法TDM时分多路复用TDM时分多路复用teleconferencing电话会议telemetry遥测testability可测试性texture纹理theorem定理thereafter后来thereby由此throughput吞吐率TIFF:taggedimagefileformat标记图像文件格式timeinvariant时不变的timeinvariant时不变的timeslot时隙timeslot时隙time-consuming耗时的toss投tradeoff交替换位tradeoff折中tradeoff折衷tradeoff折衷traffic业务transatlantic横渡大西洋transformerwinding变压器绕组transformerwinding变压器绕组transition转换，转变transmissionbandwidth传输带宽transmissionbandwidth传输带宽transmissioncapacity传输容量transmissionefficiency传输效率transparency幻灯片treatment论述treatment论述。分析treediagram树状图trellisdiagram网格图trellisdiagram网格图trellis格子triangulate是成三角形trinary三倍的trivial通常的truncate截断，截短tune调谐turnout结果twistedpair双绞线two-waycommunication双向通信ultransound超声波ultrasound超声波unavoidable不能避免的uncorrelated不相关的understandbaly可理解地undertake进行，从事uniformquantizer均匀量化器uniformly均匀地uniform均匀的unipolar单级的unity单一upperlimit上限upperlimit上限upper-frequencylimit频率上限VAD语音激活检测器variable变量vectorarray向量数组vectorarray向量数组vector矢量vector矢量versatile通用的vestigial-sideband残留边带vestigial残留的viceversa反之亦然viceversa反之亦然vision视觉visualization视觉化VLSI超大规模集成电路VLSI超大规模集成电路vocoder声码器voicegradechannel话音级信道,电话线路volt伏特waveform波形wavelet子波whereby凭那个，由此whiteGaussiannoise高斯白噪声withreferenceto关于withtheaidof借助于wordlength字长written书面的zoom图像电子放大，缩放δ函数deltafunction包络延迟envelopedelay背景噪音backgroundnoise编码率coderate编码增益codinggain波形跟随编码器waveformfollowingcoder部分分数展开partialfractionexpansion参数编码器paramatriccoder常微分方程ordinarydifferentialequation(ODE)初值initialvalue处理速度processingspeed传输效率transmissionefficiency串话crosstalk磁盘magneticdisk带宽效率bandwidthefficiency带通信号bandpasssignal地址总线addressbus电磁交感electromagneticinteraction定点fixed-point对比度增强contractenhancement二进制表示法binaryrepresentation方波信号squarewavesignal分辨率resolution分组码blockcodes峰值peakmagnitudes浮点运算floating-pointoperation傅里叶变换Fouriertransform概率密度函数probabilitydensityfunction高频HF（highfrequency）高斯白噪声whitegaussiannoise高斯过程gaussianprocess各态历经过程ergodicprocess功耗powerconsumption功率谱密度powerspectraldensity共振峰跟踪滤波器formanttrackingfilter光盘opticaldisk国际电信联盟internationaltelecommunicationsunion海底电缆submarinecable海量存储期massstorage汉明距离Hammingdistance宏指令macroinstruction回波抑制器echosuppressor汇编语言assemblylanguage基因跟踪滤波器pitchtrackingfilter计算机视觉computervision检错码errordetectioncode角度调制anglemodulation纠错码errorcollectioncode矩阵matrix卷积码covolutionalcode均衡器equalizer均匀量化器uniformquantizer理想低通滤波器ideallowpassfilter连续波调制continuouswavemodulation量化步长quantumstepsize码距codedistance码重codeweight脉冲编码调制PCM脉冲宽度pulseduration脉冲调制pulsemodulation脉冲序列pulsetrain面性对象的程序设计oop模2加法器modulo-2adder模拟调制analogmodulation模数转换器analogtodigitalconverters目标识别objectrecognition那奎斯特速率Nyguistrate奈奎斯特采样速率nyquistsamplingrate内部存贮器internalmemory频域编码器frequencydomaincoder平均比特能量theaveragebitenergy平稳过程stationaryprocess屏蔽电缆shieldedcable期望值expectation奇异值singularvalue嵌入式界面built-ininterface生产成本productioncost生成多项式generatorpolynomial声码器vocoder时间平均值timeaverage树形图treediagram数据采集dataacquisition数据流datastream数据压缩datacompression数值积分numericalintegration数字图像处理digitalimageprocessing双边功率谱密度two-sidedpowerspectraldensity双绞电缆twistedpaircable双精度double-precision双向通信two-termprediction随机变量randomvariable随机过程randomprocess特征向量eigenvector通信理论communicationtheory通信信道communicationchannel通用数字信号处理器同轴电缆coaxialcable统计独立statisticallyindependent统计平均statisticalaverage统计特征statisticalcharacterristic图像采集imageacquisition图像分析imageanalysis图像恢复imagerestoration图像锐化imagesharpening图像退化imagedegradation图像显示imagedisplay卫星图像satelliteimage无噪音高斯信道noiselessgaussianchannel误码率probabilityoferror稀疏矩阵sparsematrix限带高斯信道bandlimitedgaussianchannel线性代数linearalgebra线性函数linearfunction线性函数linearfunction相位延迟phasedelay香农定理Shannon'stheorem像素pel小波wavelet信道带宽channelbandwidth信道容量channelcapacity信道容量channelcapacity信号波形signalwaveform信息速率aninformationrate信噪比signal-to-noiseratio循环码cycliccode循环寻址circularaddressing压扩器compandor压缩比compressionratio移位寄存器shiftregister移向键控phase-shiftkeying语音编码speechcoding语音增强speechcoding预测编码predictivecoding原始数据rawdata载波频率carrierwavefrequency长时预测long-termprediction正脉冲positivepulse子程序subroutine自相关函数autocorrelationfunction自相关函数autocorrelationfunction字长wordlength集合平均ensembleaverageConvolution卷积目前发展水平state-of-the-art全双工通信full-duplexcommunicationClearup结束均方根rmsMatrixfactorization矩阵分解Tradeoff交换专用集成电路ASIC包络线延迟失真envelopedelaydistortionADPCM自适应差分脉码调制Real-timeconversation时时交谈帧中继framerelay外部存储器externalmemoryOverlap重叠Timeslot时隙检错码errordetectioncode电子商务e-commerceAsynchronoustransfermodeswitch异步转移模式Roundoff四舍五入线性预测linearprediction有限长度序列finitelengthsequenceVoicetraffic话音通信Pitchtracking-filter基音跟踪滤波器内插interpolation量化误差quantizationtimeerror人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)Addressingmade寻址方式Uniformquantizer均匀量化域名系统DNSCutoffwavelength截止波长Throughout吞吐量调试程序debugger浮点运算floating-pointoperationCrosstalk串话Out-of-phase异相的声谱audiblespectrum码间干扰intersymbolinterferenceLine-of-sightpath视距路径Dial-up拨号二、(1)第四代移动通信技术的研究TheresearchofFourth-generationMobileCommunicationTechnology(2)MATLAB包括工程和科学上需要的专用图形。这些工具提供了可视建模能力帮助你理解复杂的系统。MATLABincludesthespecializedgraphicsrequiredinengineeringandscience.Thesetoolsprovidevisualmodelingcapabilitiestohelpyoutounderstandcomplexsystems.(3)www中的最小单位是一个概念或文件中的一个短语。通过点击该短语或单词，就会与另一个相关联的文本建立一个连接。这些文本可能在同一个文件、或同一台计算机中、或世界另一端的一台计算机中。Thewwwminimumunitisaconceptorphraseinthefile.Byclickingonthephraseorword,itwillestablishaconnectionwithanotherassociatedtext.Thesetextscouldbeinthesamefile,orthesamecomputer,oracomputerintheothersideoftheworld,andallthesearetransparenttousers.（4）借助于频分多路或时分多路复用技术，传输媒介原有的电路容量可以得到充分利用。多路复用和调制方式的选择取决于下列诸因素：与原有系统的兼容性、系统有效工作所允许的损耗、带宽、信噪比性能、干扰抑制能力、失真特性和所要求的频率发生器的稳定性。WiththehelpofFDMAorCDMAtechnology,theoriginalcircuitcapacityoftransmissionmediumcanbesufficientlyused.Thechoiceofmultiplexingandmodulationmodedependsonthefollowingfactors:compatibilitywiththeoriginalsystem,thelossthatsystemeffectiveworkallows,bandwidth,SNRperformance,interferencesuppressioncapability,distortioncharacteristicandfrequencygeneratorstabilitytherequired.三、1.Compression,asthenameimplies,dealswithtechniquesforreducingthestoragerequiredtosaveanimage,orthebandwidthrequiredtotransmitit.Althoughstoragetechnologyhasimprovedsignificantlyoverthepastdecade,thesamecannotbesaidfortransmissioncapacity.ThisistrueparticularlyinusesoftheInternet,whicharecharacterizedbysignificantpictorialcontent.Awell-designedpackagealsoincludesthecapabilityfortheusertowritecodethat,asaminimum,utilizesthespecializedmodules.Moresophisticatedsoftwarepackagesallowtheintegrationofthosemodulesandgeneral-purposesoftwarecommandsfromatleastonecomputerlanguage.压缩包，就像字面意思那样，处理的是减少空间来存储图像，或者是通过带宽来传输它，虽然在过去的几年里存储技术得到了很大的提高，但是传输能力却没有这么多的提高。特别是采用了网络之后，图案内容成为其显著的功能特点。最小单元，一个精心设计的程序包包括让用户利用专门的模块写入程序的能力。更精致的软件包可以使那些模块进行集成，多用途的软件指令至少来自一种计算机语言。2.TheimportanceoftheconceptofinformationrateisthatitentersintoatheoremduetoShannonwhichisfundamentaltothetheoryofcommunications.Thistheoremisconcernedwiththerateoftransmissionofinformationoveracommunicationchannel.Whilewehaveusedthetermcommunicationchannelonmanyoccasions,itiswelltoemphasizeatthispoint,thattheterm,whichissomethingofanabstraction,isintendedtoencompassallthefeaturesandcomponentpartsofthetransmissionsystemwhichintroducenoiseorlimitthebandwidth.信息速率的重要性在于，它是通信理论基础香农定理的一部分。这个定理与信息通过信道的传输速率有关。然而我们已经在很多情况下用到信道理论。需要强调的一点是，这个理论是抽象的，它包含了能够产生噪声或者限制带宽的传输系统的所有特征和各部分内容。3.Thephysicalfactaboutthenoise,whichisofprincipalconcerninconnectionwithcommunicationssystems,isthatsuchnoisehasapowerspectraldensityG(f)whichisuniformoverallfrequencies.Suchnoiseisreferredtoas“white”noiseinanalogywiththeconsiderationthatwhitelightisacombinationofallcolors,thatis,colorsofallfrequencies.Actuallythereisanupper-frequencylimitbeyondwhichthespectraldensityfallsoffsharply.However,thisupper-frequencylimitissohighthatwemayignoreitforourpurposes.Hence,wheneverwemakeanobservationormeasurementofthepulsewaveformwhichextendsoveradurationlongenoughsothattheaverageobservedpulseshape,suchastheiramplitudes,widths,andspacingsarerepresentativeofthewaveformgenerally,weshallfindthatEq.(1.12)applies.在通信系统中，噪声是被主要关注的对象。关于噪声的一个客观事实是有一种噪声在所有频率下的功率谱密度G（f）是一样的，这种噪声被称作白噪声。这类似于白光是由所有频率（颜色）的单色光组合而成。事实上存在一个频率上限，超过频率上限，功率谱密度将迅速衰减。然而，这个频率上限特别高，以致于我们可以将其忽略。于是，无论何时我们观察或测量脉冲波形，这些脉冲波持续足够长时间以便于平均观察脉冲形状，如振幅、限宽和间隔，这些是能广泛代表这个波型，我们将发现式1.12适用于此。4.Uniformityofstructureisjustasimportantinwaveguidsasinotherlineartransmissionmedia.Changesinsizeorshapeofcrosssection,holesorprojectionsinthewalls,andlackofhomogeneityinthemetaldistorttheelectromagneticfieldandgenerateunwantedmodesthatresultintransmissionlosses.Reflectionlossescanbecausedbybendsortwiststhatarenotgradualenoughorbyimproperterminationsatthesendingorreceivingend.Whereirregularitiesareunavoidable,theyareminimizedbymeansofimpedancematchingtechniques.结构的均匀性在光波导和其他线性传输媒介同样重要。横截面大小与形状、侧壁的凹凸不平以及金属同一性的缺乏都会使得电磁场发生扭曲，并且生成并非我们需求的模式，导致传输耗散。反射损耗既可能是由非渐变的弯曲处引起的，也可能是在发射端和接收端不正确的终止引起的。不平整是不可避免的，我们可以通过阻抗匹配技术来使它最小化。5.Speechwaveformshaveanumberofusefulpropertiesthatcanbeexploitedwhendesigningefficientcoders.Someofthepropertiesthataremostoftenutilizedincoderdesignincludethenonuniformprobabilitydistributionofspeechamplitude,thenonzeroautocorrelationbetweensuccessivespeechsamples,thenonflatnatureofthespeechspectra,theexistenceofvoicedandunvoicedsegmentsinspeech,andthequasiperiodicityofvoicedspeechsignals.Themostbasicpropertyofspeechwaveformsthatisexploitedbyallspeechcodersisthattheyarebandlimited.Afinitebandwidthmeansthatitcanbetimediscretized(sampled)atafiniterateandreconstructedcompletelyfromitssamples,providedthatthesamplingfrequencyisgreaterthantwicethehighestfrequencycomponentinthelowpasssignal当设计高效的编码器时，语音波形有大量的可被利用的有用性质。其中在编码器设计中经常被用到的性质包括语音振幅的不均匀概率分布、在连续语音取样中的非零自相关性、语音谱的不平稳特性、语音中的有声和无声片段的存在性、以及有声语音信号的准周期性。被所有语音编码器利用的语音波形的最基本的特性是：语音波形是带宽受限的。有限带宽意味着在有限的速率下，它能被时间离散化，在低通信号中，如果采样频率比最高频率成分的两倍还要大，那么它就能从它的采样中完全恢复。1.ThisnegativetheoremstatesthatiftheinformationrateRexceedsaspecifiedvalueC,theerrorprobabilitywillincreasetowardunityasMincreases,andthatalso,generally,inthiscasewhereR>C,increasingthecomplexityofthecodingresultsinanincreaseintheprobabilityoferror.这个逆定理表明:如果信息速率R超过规定值C,那么误码率将随着M的增加不断向1增加,通常,R>C时,编码复杂度的增加还会导致误码率的增加。2.MATLABincludesthespecializedgraphicsrequiredinengineeringandscience.Thesetoolsprovidevisualmodelingcapabilitiestohelpyoutounderstandcomplexsystems3.Anotherwaveformfollowingmethod,calledeithercodeexcitedlinearprediction(CELP)ormultipulseexcitation(MPE),containsbothaformanttrackingfilter(knownasashort-termpredictor)andapitchtrackingfilter(knownasalong-termpredictionfilteroranadaptivecodebook).另一种波形跟随方法,称为码激励线性预测(CELP)或多脉冲激励(MPE),包括共振峰跟踪滤波器(称为短时预测器)和基音跟踪滤波器(称为长时预测滤波器或自适应码书）。通信与电子信息科技英语ScientificEnglishonCommunicationsandElectronicInformation张敏瑞张红编著August2007北京邮电大学出版社01目录Unit1RandomProcesses补充学习资料1Unit2ChannelCapacityUnit3PulseCodeModulationFundamentalsUnit4FundamentalsofChannelCodingUnit5ModulationUnit6SpeechCodingUnit7DigitalImageProcessing补充学习资料2Unit8IntroductiontoMATLAB12Unit9ImplementationofDSPSystemsUnit10CharacteristicsofDataTransmissionCircuitsUnit11MicrowaveRadioTransmissionUnit12FiberOpticUnit13MobileWirelessUnit14ATMUnit15InternetUnit16NetworkManagementUnit17SecurityofMobileandWirelessNetworksUnit18Abstract补充学习资料323Unit1RandomProcessesNEWWORDSPHRASESNOTESEXERCISESBack34NEWWORDSUnit145Unit156Unit167BackUnit178PHRASESrandomprocess 随机过程ontheaverage平均,按平均数计算;一般地说makemeasurement 量度samplefunction样本函数statisticalaverage 统计平均(值)probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数statisticalcharacteristic 统计特性autocorrelationfunction 自相关函数Unit189inconnectionwith 关于……，与……有关physicalsignificance物理意义Fouriertransform 傅里叶变换powerspectraldensity 功率谱密度beatlibertyto(do)被允许;可随意gaussianprocess 高斯过程physicalfact 外界存在的事实upper-frequencylimit频率上限falloff 下降,减少Unit1910Backinthelimit 在极限情况下deltafunction δ函数，狄垃克函数randompulse 随机（杂乱）脉冲timeinvariant 时不变的Parseval’stheorem巴塞瓦尔定理statisticallyindependent统计独立successivepulse 连续脉冲berepresentativeof表示，代表，代表……的特征Unit11011NOTES[1]Thus,wewouldexpectthatasinglediewouldyieldaparticularoutcome,ontheaverage,of1timeo