现代材料学4-高分子在防腐蚀中的应用

油管漏油--因穿孔或裂缝，引起着火爆炸7/17/20241现代材料学--高分子材料一去不复返的资源浪费:我国每年因腐蚀造成的损失达3000亿元以上7/17/20242现代材料学--高分子材料金属的腐蚀高分子材料防护方法高分子材料对金属腐蚀的保护7/17/20243现代材料学--高分子材料金属腐蚀的分类：（1）化学腐蚀金属表面与介质如气体或非电解质溶液等因发生化学作用而引起的腐蚀，称作化学腐蚀。化学腐蚀作用进行时没有电流产生。如将铁块放入稀硫酸中，

Zn+H2SO4=ZnSO4+H2。ZnHCl7/17/20244现代材料学--高分子材料（2）电化学腐蚀金属表面在介质如潮湿空气、电解质溶液等中，因形成微电池而发生电化学作用而引起的腐蚀称作电化学腐蚀。ZnPtHClelectrons7/17/20245现代材料学--高分子材料析氢腐蚀与吸氧腐蚀如右图所示，空气中的CO2，SO2等可溶解在水中形成电解质溶液，从而形成了原电池。其中铁是阳极，发生氧化反应；铜是阴极，发生还原反应。负极：FeFe2++2e（Fe被腐蚀）正极：（析氢腐蚀）2H＋＋2eH2（吸氧腐蚀）1/2O2＋2H＋＋2e-H2OCuFeH2O7/17/20246现代材料学--高分子材料金属的防腐（1）在金属表面涂敷各种保护层

(a)非金属保护层在金属表面涂上油漆、搪瓷、塑料、沥青、高分子材料等，使金属与腐蚀介质隔开。

(b)金属保护层在金属表面用电镀或化学镀的方法镀上Au，Ag，Ni，Cr，Zn，Sn等金属，保护内层不被腐蚀。保护层可分为阳极保护层和阴极保护层。7/17/20247现代材料学--高分子材料（2）加缓蚀剂在原电池的体系中加缓蚀剂， 改变介质的性质，降低腐蚀速度。(a)钝化促进型：铬酸盐，亚硝酸盐等；(b)形成沉淀膜：聚磷酸盐，聚硅酸盐等；(c)形成吸附膜：有机物分子，含有能吸附于金属表面，电负性大的N,O,P,S的阴性基，和阻碍腐蚀 性介质与金属表面接触的非极性基(烷基)。7/17/20248现代材料学--高分子材料（3）电化学保护

1．保护器保护将电极电势较低的金属和被保护的金属连接在一起，构成原电池。电极电势较低的金属作为阳极而溶解，被保护的金属作为阴极而避免腐蚀。又称牺牲阳极保护法。

2．阴极电保护利用外加直流电，将负极接到被保护金属上，作为阴极。正极接到一些废金属作阳极，使其受到腐蚀而保护了阴极。3．阳极电保护利用外加直流电，将被保护金属接到正极上，电极电势向正的方向移动，使金属“钝化”而得到保护。7/17/20249现代材料学--高分子材料高分子材料防护工艺

7/17/202410现代材料学--高分子材料涂装方法和装备空气喷涂高压无气喷涂静电涂装粉末涂装电泳涂装自泳涂装帘幕涂和辊涂7/17/202411现代材料学--高分子材料硝基漆醇酸树脂漆氨基树脂漆环氧树脂漆聚酯树脂漆丙烯酸树脂漆聚氨酯漆氟树脂漆有机硅树脂漆乙烯基树脂漆涂料的品种7/17/202412现代材料学--高分子材料StructureofSomeCommonPolymers7/17/202413现代材料学--高分子材料7/17/202414现代材料学--高分子材料7/17/202415现代材料学--高分子材料7/17/202416现代材料学--高分子材料CoatingprocessesPurpose: protection

oxidation

rotting

u.v.degradation appearance

color

gloss

adhesion

stickers transfersimpermeability

water oxygen7/17/202417现代材料学--高分子材料Somecoatingprocessesfilmcoatingverylowviscosityrollcoatingsimplekisscoatingaccurate,thinknifecoatingrobustcurtaincoatingfast,thinHighviscositiesLowviscosities7/17/202418现代材料学--高分子材料RollcoatingModelling:likecalandering,butwithseparationinthemiddelHH07/17/202419现代材料学--高分子材料H(x)xyproblemnoproblemnonelasticliquidselasticliquidsCurtainCoating

(theroleofvisco-elasticity)with7/17/202420现代材料学--高分子材料PowderCoating7/17/202421现代材料学--高分子材料混气静电喷涂原理混气喷涂原理7/17/202422现代材料学--高分子材料7/17/202423现代材料学--高分子材料IntroducestensiontolineCleanscoppersurfaceImprovedcoppersurface;improvedelectricaltransmissionFluoro-thermo-plastic

WireExtrusioncoating7/17/202424现代材料学--高分子材料CopperPreheatingIndicatorsHighpreheatVoidedinnersurfaceSmoothoutersurfaceBetteradhesion>stripLowpreheatRoughoutersurfacePooreradhesionRecommendationsTemperatureguidelinesFEP/PFA100-180CETFE/THV50CDependsonlinespeedMeasurementPapergoodcomparativetestuniversal7/17/202425现代材料学--高分子材料Extruderspec’sL/D24-34:1Saxtonmixing2-4xdiameterCloseheatcontrolnecessaryforastableprocesscorrosionprotectedmaterialnickelalloyExtruderneedstohaveatleast400Cmaximumtemperature7/17/202426现代材料学--高分子材料SpecsFixedoradjustablecenterCorrosionprotectedmaterialconstructionCoex/singleextrusionpossible7/17/202427现代材料学--高分子材料MeltfractureSmoothsurface‚Sharkskin‘ExtrudedfilmTubing7/17/202428现代材料学--高分子材料ToolingcalculationsDDR=(DD²-DT²)/(dCC²-dW²)DRB=(DD/dCC)/(DT/dW)7/17/202429现代材料学--高分子材料ConeIndicatorsToolongDiametervariationUnstableTooshortsurfaceroughnesssparks/pinholesconebreaksUnstableTipanddienotconcentricCorenotcenteredMelttoohotorcoldLinespeedtoohighRecommendations30-40mm7/17/202430现代材料学--高分子材料CapstanColdwaterspraytypicalGroovedsheavespreferableoverstationaryguides7/17/202431现代材料学--高分子材料Gauges/IndicationsLinetensiongaugeofinstabilityIdentifyconductordamageInner(copper)diametercoppersizeandqualityCapacitancecrucialforfoamadhesionproblemseccentricityproblemsdiameterproblems7/17/202432现代材料学--高分子材料Gauges/IndicationsOuterdiameterProductsizeLong-termvariationovalityEccentricityCoppercenterLump/neckdownShorttermvariationSparktesterholes,thinspots7/17/202433现代材料学--高分子材料TFT’sDesignandManufacturingObjectivesforLDHHardwareReducethepotentialforcorrosionwithinintakeandgatevalvesProvidemaximumflowwithminimalfrictionlossinallproductsDesignamanufacturingandassemblysystemthatwillallowrapiddeliveryofover500finishedgoods7/17/202434现代材料学--高分子材料NEWPolymerRingReplacesBallBearingsinourHardwareCouplingsProvidesabreakinelectricalconductivityfromPumptoHardware,reducinggalvaniccorrosionAllowscouplingtobesimplychangedOfferstwicetheshearstrengthofcompetitivedesigns7/17/202435现代材料学--高分子材料Competitivemodelsuseeithermetalballbearingsoracetylplasticdiscsastheirconnectionandrotationmethod.7/17/202436现代材料学--高分子材料WhyTFTChoseaPolymerRinginourcouplings?OurPolymerRingProvidesaHighBearingSurfaceAreaHighpotentialforshearandcouplingfailureCompetitivedesignTFTExclusive7/17/202437现代材料学--高分子材料GalvanicCorrosion

Bronzeincontactwithaluminum(metaltometalcontact)inawetatmosphereMetaldegradationduetogalvaniccorrosion7/17/202438现代材料学--高分子材料Corrosionduetogalvanicactionandmineralladenwaterisabigcontributortoprematurehardwarefailure.7/17/202439现代材料学--高分子材料CorrosionResistance–TFT’suniqueThree-StepprocessPoly-ImpregnationofrawcastingsundervacuumtosealporosityHardcoatAnodized

PolyesterPowderCoatedinsideandoutMaximumCorrosionResistance

PowderCoatPolyImpregnationHardCoatAnodized7/17/202440现代材料学--高分子材料RawAluminumAlloyCasting123Underavacuum,thecastinghaspolymersinjectedtocloseallporeswheremoisturecanbetrappedHardcoatanodizingcreatesanaluminumoxidebarrierforincrediblehardnessandcorrosionresistancePowdercoatisappliedandbakedonforapermanentlybondedcorrosionresistantfinish7/17/202441现代材料学--高分子材料RawCastingisfirstPoly-ImpregnatedThen…HardCoatAnodizedFinally…PowdercoatedRawCastingPolyImpregnatedHardCoatAnodizedPowderCoated7/17/202442现代材料学--高分子材料ChangingtheConceptoftheApparatusIntakeValveRedesigned,high-flow,quickactingreliefvalveExclusivevisualvalvepositionindicator7/17/202443现代材料学--高分子材料HeavydutybronzevalvegearingCorrosionresistantpatentedquarterballassemblyPolymerRingSwivelingInlet7/17/202444现代材料学--高分子材料WherethereisWater,therecanbesomelevelofCorrosionPistonStyleValveStaysWetBIVStyleValveRemainsDrywhennotflowingWaterfrompump7/17/202445现代材料学--高分子材料TheNEWBIV–HighestReturnonYourInvestmentAkronBlackMaxwithSwiveling5”StorzInletAWG-HarringtonwithSwiveling5”StorzInletTFT’sBIVwithSwiveling5”StorzInletSnap-TitewithSwiveling5”StorzInlet7/17/202446现代材料学--高分子材料BIVKeySelling

FeaturesMostInnovativeIntakeValveEverDesignedAndProducedSwivelingInletHighFlowReliefValveCorrosionResistantUniqueBallShutOff7/17/202447现代材料学--高分子材料BIVKeySelling

BenefitsTriple–CoatingProcessandnewpolymerringdesignwilllimitcorrosionthatplaguescompetitivemodelsBallStyleShutoffandstraightthroughwaterwaydesignwillprovidehigherflowswithlimitedfrictionloss–maximizingpumpefficiencySwiveling30-DegreeInletallowseitherLDHhoseorhardsuctiontosupplythepumpfromdifferentanglespreventingkinksandflowrestrictions7/17/202448现代材料学--高分子材料ChangingtheConceptoftheJumboGateValveOptionalSwivelinginlet7/17/202449现代材料学--高分子材料ThenewJumboGateValveSeries250psioperatingpressureMeets900psihydrostatictestforNFPA#1965Foreitherpressureorsuctionservice106modelsavailablewiththreadedorStorzcouplingsto6”Uniquebi-directionalvalveseatNon-risinghandwheelOptionalSwivelingInletUniqueStainlessSteelWedgeGateDesignTripleProcessCorrosionProtectionHighFlowPerformance7/17/202450现代材料学--高分子材料ThePoweroftheWEDGEdesign.LowGasketWearPositiveSealingStainlessSteelWedge7/17/202451现代材料学--高分子材料TopreventcorrosioninthenewJumboGateValve,TFThaschosenaheavystainlesssteelgate(unlikeothercompetitors)TFT’sExclusiveGate7/17/202452现代材料学--高分子材料JUMBOGateValveSeriesKeySelling

FeaturesMostDurableGateValveEverDesignedAndProducedSwivelingInletHighFlowWedgeSeatDesignCorrosionResistantStainlessGate7/17/202453现代材料学--高分子材料JUMBOGateValveSeriesKeySelling

BenefitsTriple-CoatingProcessandnewpolymerringdesignwilllimitcorrosionStainlessWedgeGateandstraightthroughwaterwaydesignwillprovidehigherflowswithlimitedfrictionloss–eitheronthetruck,oroffSwiveling30-DegreeInletoptionallowseitherLDHhoseorhardsuctiontosupplythepumpfromdifferentanglespreventingkinksandflowrestrictions7/17/202454现代材料学--高分子材料MaximumWaterDistributionwiththeJUMBOWYESeries7/17/202455现代材料学--高分子材料ThenewJumboWyeSeries250psioperatingpressureMeets900psihydrostatictestforNFPA#1965StainlessSteelComponents176modelsavai