Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版选择性

Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverusefulstructuresDirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.Inpairs:Discussthedifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofsentences.quotationmarks&objectclausewordorderwordordertensedifferentexpressions1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let'sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆Toreportwhatexactlyhasbeensaid◆Thewordsusuallyappearinquotationmarks◆Toreportwhathasbeensaidwithoutusingtheexactwords◆NoquotationmarksDirectSpeechandindirectSpeech引语的概念直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;直接引语用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫_________。间接引语直接引语通常都用____________括起来，引号“

”

间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个________。宾语从句HowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeechWhatdidhe/shesayThegirl

ismysisterLucy.Today

iswindy.Iwanttoeatapples.PeterMaryLucyPeterMary

saidthatLucy

saidthattoday/thatday

waswindy.thegirl

washersisterLucy.shewantedtoeatapples.saidthatHowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. Changeofpersonalpronoun，tense，wordorder，

time，place，verbindicatingdirection人称变化,时态变化,时间、地点状语、方向性动词等变化

2.陈述句、特殊疑问句一般疑问句、祈使句变为间接引语的方法

Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthatshelikedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly.”HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.陈述句:A.Changesofthepersonalpron随主随宾不变1.ZhangYansaid,“I’llcomethisevening.”

→Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.2.Mysistersaidtome,“I’mleavingtomorrow.”

→Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenext/(following)day.3.ZhouJunsaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”

→Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnotthere

then.1.Directspeechisastatement陈述句

总结：1.加that(可以省略）2.陈述句语序

3.检查人称，时态4.时间、地点状语变化主句谓语动词为一般过去时时

直接引语一般现在时do/does一般将来时willdo现在进行时am…doing现在完成时havedone一般过去时did过去完成时haddone

间接引语一般过去时did过去将来时woulddo过去进行时was/weredoing过去完成时haddone过去完成时haddone过去完成时haddone如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,遵守时态变化原则：没有“过去”给“过去”；有个“过去”加“完成”。陈述句:B.Changesofthetense:ZhouJunsaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”

→Hesaid(that)

hismother

was

nottherethen.

注意：以下几种情况时态不变①直接引语是客观真理。

The

teacher

said,

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

(that)

the

earth

moves

aroundthe

sun

earth.

③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

LeiMiao

said,

"I

was

born

on

December

11,

1999."

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。YangLong

said,

“IwasdoingchoreswhenTomcametoseeme.”

→YangLongsaidhe

wasdoingchoreswhenTomhadcometoseehim.→LeiMiaosaid

she

was

born

on

December

11,

1999.④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning。”

⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不再变（例：could,

should,

would,

might）Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctorsaidtomeIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。（例：ought

to，

had

better,

used

to）DangRan

saidtome,

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→

DangRen

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

therethat

day.三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语

用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个these这些时间状语now现在today今天thismorning今天上午tonight今天晚上tomorrow明天that那个those那些then/atthattime那时thatday那天thatmorning那天上午thatnight那天晚上thenext/followingday第二天时间状语yesterday昨天lastnight昨天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天threedaysago三天前nextweek下一周ago（至今）以前地点状语here这儿方向性动词bring带来come来thedaybefore前一天thenightbefore前一天晚上twodaysbefore两天前threedaysbefore三天前thenext/followingweek下周before（那时）以前there那儿take带走go去如果就在当天转述,tomorrow,yesterday,tomorrow不变如果在当地转述,here不必改为therecome不必改为go2.directspeechisaspecialquestion特殊疑问句1.“Whatdoyouwant”heaskedme.→HeaskedmewhatIwanted.2.Theteacheraskedme,“Whydoyouwanttodothat”→TheteacheraskedmewhyIwantedtodothat.3.Sheaskedme,“Wherehaveyoubeen”→SheaskedmewhereIhadbeen.总结：1.加特殊疑问词2.陈述句语序3.检查人称，时态，时间地点状语1.Heaskedme,“Areyouinterestedinit”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinit.2.Heaskedme,“Doyoulikethisfilm”→Heaskedif/whetherIlikedthatfilm.3.DirectspeechisaYesorNoquestion一般疑问句总结：1.加if/whether2.陈述句语序

3.检查人称，时态4.时间、地点状语4.Directspeechisanimprativesentence祈使句

Shesaidtotheboys,“Don’ttalk.”→SheaskedtheboysShesaid,“Bequiet.”→Sheaskedustobequiet.nottotalk.tell(ask,order,advise)sb(not)todosth.

askinviteadvisewarntellorder1Jimsaid,“Ilikefootball.”

2Tomaskedme,“Doyoulikethisbook”3Petersaidtome,“whatdoyoulike”

4Marysaidtome,“Closethewindow.”

Jimsaidthathelikedfootball.”Tomaskedmeif/whetherIlikedthisbook.

PeteraskedmewhatIliked.Maryaskedmetoclosethewindow.陈述句，特殊、一般疑问句，祈使句由直接引语变为间接引语的区别Summary性质：间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句人称:一随主,二随宾,三不变时态：主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化引导词:陈述句:用that一般疑问句:用if或whether特殊疑问句:用特殊疑问词祈使句：

tellsb.todos.thasksb.todos.thordersb.todos.th1.Dianeasked,“WhatmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual”2.Dianeasked,“WasittheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory”3.Marthasaid,“Iwanttobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.”4.Marthasaid,“Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming.”Dianeasked（me）whathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Dianeasked(me)if/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.Marthasaid/toldtme(that)shewantedtobecomebecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldme(that)shewasdoingaproject.onbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.5.Bobasked,“Whyisnuclearpowerasensitivetopic”6.Bobasked,“Couldyouexplainhowthenucleardisasterhappened”7.Lauraasked,“Howmanyanimalshavedisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting”8.Lauraasked,“Whatcanwedotohelpwildanimals”Bobasked(me)if/whetherIcouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Bobasked(me)if/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.Bobaskedwhynuclearpowerwasasensitivetopic.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.9.Vincentsaid,“IhaveneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.”10.Vincentsaid,“Willscientistsdiscovernewspeciesthere”Vincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentsaidif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.Howtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. Changeofpersonalpronoun，tense，wordorder，

time，place，verbindicatingdirection人称变化,时态变化,时间、地点状语、方向性动词等变化

2.陈述句、特殊疑问句一般疑问句、祈使句变为间接引语的方法

Workingroups.Doasurveyonwhatyourgroupmembersaredoingtohelptheenvironmentandwhatelsetheycando.Thenreporttotheclass.3P29MichelleIalwaysusemyclothbagwhenIgoshopping,ratherthanuseplasticbags.

JackIoftenwalkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingataxi.SallyDon’tprintoutdocumentsunlessreallynecessary.JoeWoulditbebesttosharebookswithothers?EXAMPLEIaskedmygroupmemberswhattheydidtolimittheamountofcarbondioxideproducedintheirdailylives.Jacktoldmethatheoftenwalkedorrodeabikeinsteadoftakingtaxi.Joeadvisedustosharebookswithothers.Sallyaskedus…4.Theysaid,“WestayedinAmerica.”

→Theysaidthat__________________in

America.5.Hesaid,“IhadleftforBeijingbefore

youcalledme.”→Hesaidthat_________forBeijing

before___________.6.Tomsaid,“Iwillexplainittoyouafterclass.”→Tomsaidthathe____________________afterclass.7.Shesaid,“Iwillbuythisbooktoday.”

→Shesaidshe_________________________.

they(had)stayed

hehadleftIcalledhimwouldexplainittomewouldbuythatbookthatday8.Theoldmansaid,“Iamsurprisedwiththechangesthathavetakenplacehere.”→Theoldmansaid________surprisedwiththechangethat___________________.9.Thestrangersaidtome,“Aplayisbeingperformednow.”→Thestrangertoldmethat______________

______________.10.Thevolunteersaid,“Iwillattendthe

performancetomorrow.”→Thevolunteersaid____________________

___________________________.hewashadtakenplacethere

aplaywasbeingperformedthen

he/shewouldattendtheperformancethenextday1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”

3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.Practice(III)4.“Whywereyoulateagain”Theteachersaidtome.

5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.

6.“HaveyoubeentoParis”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Myclassmateaskedmeif/whetherIhadbeentoParis.变下列直接引语为间接引语。1.“Stoptalking,please,”themonitorsaidtotheclass.

______________________________________2.“Repeatitthreetimes,”theteachersaidtoher.

______________________________________3.“Willyoubuysomebreadforme”hesaidtoher.

______________________________________4.“Don’ttakeoffyourcoat,”shesaidtohersister.

______________________________________5.“Stayhere!”theofficersaidtothesoldier.

_____________________________________Themonitoraskedtheclasstostoptalking.Theteachertoldhertorepeatitthreetimes.Heaskedherifshecouldbuysomebreadforhim.Shetoldhersisternottotakeoffhercoat.Theofficertoldthesoldiertostaythere.“Idon’twanttogosightseeing,”saidJohn.→Johnsaidthat_______