高二暑假英语阅读专练（七）

高二暑假英语阅读专练(七)AEverywheremanisalteringthebalanceofnature．HeisfacilitatingthespreadofplantsandlysometimesunconsciouslyHeiscoveringhugeareaswithnewkindsofplants,orwithhouses,factories,slag-heapsandotherproductsofhiscivilization．Heexterminatessomespeciesonalargescale,butfavorsthemultiplicationofnetthanhasnatureinfivemillion．swhichhehasbroughtabouthavehadunforeseenconsequencesWhowouldhavethoughtthatthethrowingawayofapieceofCanadianwaterweedwouldhavecausedsionofpotcactiforlonelysettlers’wiveswouldhaveledtoEasternAustralianbeingoverrunwithforestsofPricklyPear?WhowouldhaveprophesiedthatthecuttingdownofforestsontheAdriaticcoasts,orinpartsofCentralAfrica,couldhavereducedthelandtoasemidesert,withtheverysoilwashedawayfrombythespreadingofdisease-sleepingsicknessintoEastAfrica,measlesintoOceania,verypossiblymalariaintoancientGreece?Thesearespectacularexamples;butexamplesonasmallerscaleareeverywheretobepeciesandwemayfindthatsomecommonandhardykindofbirdmultipliesbeyondmeasureandouststherarekindsinwhichwewereparticularlyinterested．Wesee,owingtosomelittlechangebroughtarlingspreadovertheEnglishcountrysideinhordesWeimprovetheofourcattleandfindthatnowtheyexhaustthepastureswhichsufficedforlessexigentstock．balanceofnaturegionshebalanceofnatureesertsanctuaryforrarebirdsbutaturegthebalanceoldnatureBThewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.IffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappinessButinfacttheoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment(预担的义务),self-improvement.lesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight’ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon’tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcouplesagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcanwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.rabachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecauseAheisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesBhebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingleChefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageDhefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitementauthorsopinionisAamoraldutyB.athanklessjobCarewardingtaskD.asourceofinevitablepainlearnthatenvysometimesstemsfromAhatredB.misunderstandingCprejudiceD.ignoranceppinessisonemustAhaveasmuchfunaspossibleduringone’slifetimeBmakeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainCputupwithpainunderallcircumstancesDbeabletodistinguishhappinessfromfunusAHappinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain．B.Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.C.Itisimportanttomakecommitments.D.Itispainthatleadstohappiness.CSolongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.ItiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodoTeachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.ThefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossiblefortoreadTeachingisalsopublicactivity.Itcanbeseenandobserved.Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequest(探索)forknowledge?Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.”Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothisgiventheopportunitytosolvetheproblemofleaningtoreadbyreading.onedinthefirstparagraphisthatAitisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcoursesBstudentsspendendlesshoursinreadingCreadingtasksareassignedwithlittleguidanceDtoomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreadingAteacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudentsBteacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreadingCteacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreadingDteacherscanmaketheirteac