新教材高中英语Unit3TheInternetSectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures导学案新人教版必修第二册

SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructuresfunction/'fʌnkʃn/n.&vi.[双解]aspecialactivityorpurposeofapersonorthing功能，作用，机能；起作用，正常工作，运转[语块]physicalfunctions身体功能battery/'bætri/n.[双解]adevicethatprovidesthepowerforelectricalitemssuchasradiosandchildren'stoys电池[语块]phonebattery手机电池confirm/kən'fɜː(r)m/vt.[双解]showthatsthisdefinitelytrueorcorrect,especiallybyprovidingevidence确认；使确信[语块]confirmthepassword确认密码Wi­Fi/'waIfaI/n.[双解]asystemforsendingdataovercomputernetworksusingradiowavesinsteadofwires无线保真(用无线电波而非网线在计算机网络传输数据的系统)[语块]Wi­Fipassword无线网络密码；Wi­Fi密码press/pres/vt.[双解]pushsthcloselyandfirmlyagainststh按，压；敦促[语块]pressthebutton按下按钮button/'bʌtn/n.[双解]asmallroundpieceofmetal,plasticthatissewnontoapieceofclothingandusedforfasteningtwopartstogether按钮；纽扣[语块]sewonabutton缝上扣子file/faIl/n.[双解]acollectionofinformationstoredtogetherinacomputer,underaparticularname文件；文件夹；档案[语块]copyafile复制一个文件依据实际状况，完整回答以下问题，思索并说出：问句中的被动语态用了何种时态？1．HowmanynewEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedthisterm?[参考答案]Morethan400wordshave_been_learnedthisterm.2．Howmanyunitshavebeenlearnedsincethebeginningofthisschoolnewyear?[参考答案]Eightunitshave_been_learnedsincethebeginningofthisschoolnewyear.Nowwehavebeenlearningtheninthunit.(两个问句中都是运用了现在完成时的被动语态。)Ⅰ核心词汇学习1．confirmvt.确认；使确信；证明句式例句confirmsthIwanttoconfirmourarrangementtomeetnextMonday.我想确认一下我们下周一的见面支配。confirmthat...Canyouconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendthemeeting?你能确认你可以参与会议吗？confirmone'sopinionthat...Heractionsconfirmedmyopinionthatsheisaresponsibleandwarm­heartedlady.她的行为证明了我的看法，她是一个负责任并且热心的女士。[同义词]assure(确定);prove(证明);makecertain(确定)[反义词]deny(否认);reject(拒绝);refuse(拒绝)[词类改变]confirmation证明，确认请依据你的实际状况完整地回答问题完成对话：Teacher:Sinceyouhavecaughtacold,doyouconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow?Student:________________________________________________________[参考答案]Yes,Ido./Yes,IconfirmthatIwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow./No,Idon't./No,Idon'tconfirmthatIwillbeabletoattendschooltomorrow.2．pressvt.按，压；敦促n.新闻界，新闻工作者短语/习语例句press(sth/sb/yourself)againststh使……紧贴于……Hepressedhisbackagainstthedoor.他把后背紧紧靠在门上。presssthinto/ontosth将……塞进；把……按入Hepressedacoinintoherhandandmovedon.他把一枚硬币塞进她手里，然后接着向前走。presssbtodosth敦促某人做某事Theteacherpressedtheclasstodobetterwork.老师督促班上的同学要更加努力。presssbintodoingsth不断要求/牵强某人做某事Don'tletyourselfbepressedintodoingsomethingyoudon'tlike.不要牵强自己做不喜爱的事情。presssbforsth督促/逼迫某人做某事Hisparentsalwayspresshimforhomework.他的父母总是催他做作业。pressforsth不断要求……Theyagreedtopressfortheconferencetodealwiththeproblem.他们同意召开会议来处理这个问题。presssthonsb牵强某人接受……；促某人吃(或喝)……Shekeptpressingthefruitsonus.她非要我们吃水果不行。[相关词]reporter记者；journalist新闻记者；新闻工作者；pressconference记者款待会请依据你的实际状况完整地回答问题完成对话：Teacher:Haveyoueverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingyoudon'tlike?Student:________________________________________________________[参考答案]Yes,Ihave./Yes,IhaveeverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingIdon'tlike./No,Ihaven't./No,Ihaven'teverbeenpressedintodoingsomethingIdon'tlike.Ⅱ语法专题：现在完成时的被动语态(ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice)1．现在完成时的被动语态构成形式构成例句确定形式主语＋have/has＋been＋doneTheTVsethasbeenrepairedbymyfather.电视机已经被我爸爸修好了。Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.该软件已下载，以帮助我的手机电池持续更长的时间。否定形式主语＋have/hasnot＋been＋doneThehomeworkhasnotbeenfinishedyet.作业还没有完成。一般疑问式Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done...？Hasyourreservationbeenconfirmed?你的预订确认过了吗？HastheWi­Fipasswordbeenconfirmed？Wi­Fi密码确认过了吗？特别疑问式疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been＋done...？Whatquestionshasbeenasked(byhim)？他问了什么问题？2．现在完成时的被动语态用法常见标记词用法说明例句already,yet,never,recently等副词刚好间状语sofar,bynow,uptillnow等连用表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果Theroomhasalreadybeencleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了。)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应当派人去请医生。)常与for或since等引导的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于howlong引导的句子中表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去起先始终持续到现在，并可能接着持续下去Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会接着被修。)Howlonghastheprojectbeencarriedout?这项工程已经实施多长时间了？(可能还会接着实施。)一般将来时willdo用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.这份工作一完成我们就动身。3．现在完成时的被动语态留意事项留意事项例句现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区分：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)Thebigfirewasputouttwohoursago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。(只说明动作发生在过去)Thebigfirehasbeenputout.大火已经被扑灭了。(说明动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，“现在火灭了”)非持续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.工程已起先三个月了。(for后面接一段时间，动词不能用start，需将start改为be动词。)Thelightshavebeenonforthreehours.灯已经开了三个小时了。请依据你的实际状况完整地回答问题完成对话：Teacher:Hasthehomeworkbeenhandedin?Student:________________________________________________________[参考答案]Yes,ithas./Yes,ithasbeenhandedin./No,ithasnot./No,ithasnotbeenhandedin.Ⅰ.词汇语法运用与翻译写作(30分)汉译英：运用本课所学的词汇和句型将下列句子翻译成英语。(假如不写序号，连写在一起，就是一篇完整的文章。)1．已经买了一台新型多功能个人电脑。_________________________________________________________________[参考答案]AkindofnewPC(personalcomputer)withmorefunctionshasbeenbought.2．已阅历证了Wi­Fi密码，可以上网了。_________________________________________________________________[参考答案]TheWi­Fipasswordhasbeenconfirmed,andtheInternetcanbeaccessed.3．已经下载了一个英语学习软件帮助提高英语口语。_________________________________________________________________[参考答案]AlearningEnglishsoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpimproveoralEnglish.4．有关(relevant)文件已经复制并存在电脑里了。_________________________________________________________________[参考答案]Therelevantfiles/documentshavebeencopiedandstoredinthePC.5．这台电脑很好用，已经对这台新电脑做出了评价。_________________________________________________________________[参考答案]Thispersonalcomputerworksverywell,andacommenthasbeenmadeaboutthisnewPC.Ⅱ.语法学问与概要写作(40分)阅读下面讲解被动语态的文章，然后写一篇80词左右的内容概要。EnglishGrammar:ThePassiveVoice&WhentoUseItInEnglish,thesubjectofasentenceisusuallyanactorthatisdoinganaction.Forexample:Theboybrokethewindow.Inthissentence,theboyistheactorwhodidtheaction(breaking).Theobjectofthesentence(thewindow)iswhatreceivestheaction.Thesentenceisaboutthesubject(theboy),whichismoreimportantthantheobjectoftheverb(thewindow).Thisisanactivesentence,whichisalsocalledtheactivevoice.ThePassiveVoice:“Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.”Inapassivesentence,thesituationistheopposite.Wemovetheobjectoftheverb(window)tothebeginningofthesentence,soitcanbecomethesubject.Thisishowwebuildapassivesentence：Subject(Thewindow)＋BEverb(was)＋pastparticiple(broken)[＋byactor(bytheboy)]**thephrasebytheboyisoptional.Whydoweusethepassivevoice?Thereareseveralreasons.Herearefourofthem.Reason1:Theobjectoftheverbismoreimportant.Example:“Abodywasfoundinthepark.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“Thepolicefoundabodyinthepark.”Whichismoreimportant:thepolice(thesubject)orthebody(theobject)?Answer:Thebody!Thatisthesurprisinginformation!Andbecausetheobjectofthesentenceisthemostimportantthing,wechangethesentencetothepassivevoice.Wemovetheobjectoftheverbtothebeginningofthesentencesoitcanbecomethesubject:Abodywasfoundinthepark(bythepolice).Inthissentence,youprobablydon'tevenneedtosay“bythepolice”becausethatinformationisn'timportant.Themostimportantthingisthebody,soitbecomesthesubjectandthefirstwordofapassivesentence.Reason2:Wedon'tknowwhotheactoris.Example:“JohnF.Kennedywaskilledin1963.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“SomeonekilledJohnF.Kennedyin1963.”Intheaboveactivesentence,thesubject(“someone”)doesn'tgiveusanyusefulinformation.Wedon'tknowwhokilledJohnF.Kennedysothereisn'treallyareasontomake“someone”thesubject.Again,likeReason1,theobjectoftheverb(JohnF.Kennedy)isthemostimportantthing.Reason3:Theactorisobvioussoyoudon'tneedtosayit.Example:“Englishisspokeninmanycountries.”Thissentenceintheactivevoiceis:“PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.”Doestheactivesentencegiveusanyusefulinformation?No.Why?Well,whenweseetheverbspeak,weknowthatwearetalkingaboutpeople.PeoplearetheonlyanimalswhowouldbeabletospeakalanguagelikeEnglish.Therecanbenoothersubject.So,inthiscase,wecanmakeapassivesentencetofocusontheobject(English)．Reason4:Youdon'twanttosaywhotheactoris.Example:“Unfortunately,thereportwasn'tfinishedontime.”Thissentenceintheactivevoicecouldbe:“Unfortunately,Johndidn'tfinishthereportontime.”AreyouJohn'sfriend?Ifso,youmightwanttousethepassivesentence.Thepassivesentencedoesn'tfocusontheactor.Infact,itdoesn'tevenmentionJohn.Byusingthepassivevoice,wecantaketheattentionawayfromtheactorandjustfocusontheobjectthatreceivedtheaction(thereport).Thereportwasn'tfinishedontime.Bynotincludingtheactor,thelistenerdoesn'tknowwhotoblame.Agoodexampleofwhyweusethepassivevoicecanbeseeninthissimpleconversation：A：Whenwereyouborn?B：Iwasbornin2005.Didyouknowthatboththequestionandtheanswerareinthepassivevoice?Theword‘born’isthepastparticipleoftheverbbear(bear/bore/born).Wedon'task“Wheredidyourmotherbearyou？”nordoweanswer“Mymotherboremein2005”becausewewanttotalkaboutyou,notyourmother.Yourmotherisnotimportant(Rule1).Inaddition,wedon'tusetheactivevoicebecauseweknowthatyourmotherboreyou.Theonlypersonthatcangivebirthtoapersonishisorhermother.Theactorisobvioussowedon'tneedtosayit(Rule2)．Note:Youcanonlyusethepassivevoicewithtransitiveverbs.Transitiveverbs,suchaseat,throw,andread,arefollowedbyadirectobject.Youcaneatsomething,throwsomething,andreadsomething.Intransitiveverbs,suchashappen,come,anddie,arenotfollowedbyadirectobject.Youcannothappensomething,youcannotcomesomething,youcannotdiesomething.Becauseintransitiveverbsdonothaveadirectobject,theycannotbeusedinthepassivevoice.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[优秀范文]ThePassiveVoice&WhentoUseItWhenwemovetheobjectoftheverbinanactivesentencetothebeginningofthesentence,apassivesentenceisbuilt.TherearefouroccasionswhereweusethePassiveVoice:Theobjectoftheverbismoreimportant;Notknowingwhotheactoris;Theactorisclear,noneedtomentionit;Nowillingtosayouttheactor.Thetypicalexampleofwhyweusethepassivevoicecanbeseeninthissimpleconversation:A:Whenwereyouborn?B:Iwasbornin2005.Ⅲ.读后续写(30分)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Youareinabeautifulplaceenjoyingthelandscape,maybefishing,butsuddenlythepeaceandquietisinterruptedbythenoisysoundofacellphone!Cellphonesareeverywhere,butsomepeopledon'tknowwhatthelimitsofcellphoneuseare.AsfarasIamconcerned,it'sjustamatterofeducation,goodmannersandcommonsense.IfIgotoabeautifulplace,justliketheoneImentioned,itisbecauseIwanttoenjoynature.Icandoit,butwithoutdisturbingotherpeople.Nowadays,that'sthebiggestproblem.Peopledisturbothers,firstwiththeringingoftheircellphonesandthenwiththeirconversationsbecausetheyusuallyspeakveryloudly.Noteverybodyinapublicplaceshouldhavetolistentoprivateconversations.Evenmoreannoying,youhearjustonepartoftheconversation.Peopleneedtolearnhowtousecellphonescorrectly.Ifthereisanemergency,cellphonesareacceptable;butrememberthatjustafewyearsagofewpeoplehadcellphonesandthewholesocietysurvived!Nowadayspeoplecan'tseemtolivewithoutthiskindoftechnology.Theytalkinrestaurants,inrestrooms,incars,inhospitals,andatparties.It'sincredible!Butagain,noteverybodywantstolistentootherpeople'sprivateconversation.It'slikesmoking.Justaspeopledon'twanttobebotheredbysmokers,theydon'twanttobedisturbedbycellphonetalkers.Oursocietyhastolearntorespectotherpeople.Itwouldbegreatifloudtalkingwasseenasreallybadmanners.Theuseofcellphonesmustberestrictedinplacessuchascinemas,theatres,museums,classroomsandhospitals.Nowadays,peoplejustlaughwhenacellphoneringsintheseplaces,butit'sjustthebeginning,sointhefutureIthinkthingsaregoingtochange.Theyshouldgetticketswhentheyusethemininappropriateplaces,likepeoplegettingparkingticketswhentheyparkinwrongplaces.留意：1．续写词数应为150左右；2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Oneshouldmakeanapologyifhedisturbsothers.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________