第05讲 任务型阅读之补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合（练习）-2024年中考英语一轮复习讲练测（全国）（原卷版）

第05讲任务型阅读之补全句子、补全短文、信息摘录和多任务混合（练习）（模拟精练+真题演练）一、信息摘录（2023·四川绵阳·统考一模）阅读短文，然后完成文后的思维导图，每空不超过3个词。Wesometimessaythelionis“thekingofthejungle”becauseitisstrongerandmoredangerousthantheotheranimals.Mostotheranimalsinthejunglerunmoreslowlythanthelion,soitcanhuntbetter.Thelionisthetopanimalinthelandfoodchain.Inthesea,thesharkisatthetopofthefoodchain.Mostotherseaanimalsswimmuchmoreslowlythanit.Itcanalsouseitsbigteethtocatchotherseaanimalsandeatthem.Whatisatthetopoftheworld’sfoodchain?Humansare!Wearenotthebiggestorfastest,butwearethecleverest!Wecouldnotcatchupwithmostanimals,soweinventedcarsandnowwecanmovethefastest.Wecouldnotfightbetterthanalion,soweinventedguns.Nowwecanhuntthebest.People’sinventionshelpalot,buttheycanbedangerous,too.Forexample,manyyearsagoinInnerMongolia,peopleusedgunstokillalotofwildwolves.Thewildwolvesusuallyeatwildrabbits.Butinrecentyears,thenumberofwildrabbitsisbecomingbiggerandbiggerbecausethenumberofwildwolvesisgettingsmallerandsmaller.Thewildrabbitscompetedforthegrasswiththesheepandcows.Muchofthegrasslandbecamedesertbecausetherabbitsdestroyed(毁坏)itseriously.Rememberthatweareapartofthefoodchain,weareindanger,too!Ifweprotectanimals,weareprotectingourselves.Luckily,peoplehavepaidmuchattentiontosuchproblems.Wewilldomorethingstokeepthebalanceofecosysteminthefuture.Thefoodchainoflandanimals:Thelioncanrun1mostotheranimals.Theword’sfoodchain:People’sinventionsare2butdangerous.Thefoodchainofseaanimals:3standsatthetopoftheseafoodchain.FoodChainThebalanceofthefoodchain:Whilethenumberofwildwolvesisgettingsmaller,thenumberofwildrabbitsis4.Whattodo:Morethingswillbedoneto5oftheecosysteminthefuture.（2023·四川成都·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。Everyoneneedsaplacetorelax,right?Nowyoungstudentscaneasilyexperienceasmuchstressasadults(成年人)do.Theyfacecompetition,interpersonalrelationshipsandpersonalproblemsasadultsdo.Butadultshavemoresocialexperienceandcandealwithproblemswithmoreself-control.Forstudents,sometimestheyhavenochoicebuttorebel(叛逆).Facedwithsuchasituation,amiddleschoolinXi’an,northwestChina’sShaanxiProvince,recentlyopenedits“mooddrainroom(情绪发泄室)”,aplaceforstudentstolifttheirspirits.Theroomprovidesstudentswithclassestoguidetheirmental(心理的)healthdevelopment.It’salsoaplaceforpracticewherestudentscanexpressthemselvesbydoingdifferentkindsofactivitiessuchasboxing(拳击)orshouting.Therearealsomentalhealthteachersintheroomwhohelpstudentswithquestionsandalsowatchtheiractivitiesforsafetyreasons.Designershaveconsidereddifferentpersonalitiesofstudentswhendesigningtheseactivities.Nomatterit’saboyoragirlwhoshowsup,theycanputonapairofboxingglovestohitasandbagorshoutoutloudtorelax.Adrawingwallanda“writer’sandreader’scorner”areforshystudents.“Iwishmyschoolhadsucharoom.ButIwouldfeelalittlebitshygoingtheretoshoutoutloudbymyself.IliketheroomtohavedifferentthemeactivitieseveryweeksothatIfeelmorecomfortablegoingthere,”saidXingyuan,aChinesemiddleschoolstudent.“Whatmattersisthatitshouldbeusedinarightway,unliketheplacewheremysongoestocutclassesandboxagainsthisclassmates.Itneedstohaveprofessionalteachers,”saidLi,aparentofamiddleschoolstudent.6．7．8．9．10．（2023·四川成都·统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据其内容，完成表格中所缺的信息。

Chinahasbeenknownas“awell-dressedcountry”sinceancienttimes.TraditionalcostumehasexplainedChineseculture.Theshapes,patternsandcolorsoftraditionalclothesreflectthehistory,cultureandvaluesofthecounty.

Hanfu,alsoknownasHuafu,referstothetraditionalclothingoftheHannationalityinChina.FromthetimeoftheYellowEmperortotheendoftheMingdynasty,HanfuhasdeeplyinfluencedtheChinesefashionworldforthousandsofyears.AcompletesetofclothingofHanfuwasformedduringtheHandynastybasedontheFourBooksandFireClassics.Circle-cutlongsleevesrepresent“heaven”,showingasenseofbeauty.Andcrosscollarsrepresent“earth”,whichledpeopletofollowrules.Thebeltgoingstraighttowardsthegroundstandsforhonesty.PatternsarealsoimportanttoHanfu.Usually,objectslikethesun,themoon,elephants,tigersordragonsmeanthatthewearerbelongstotheupperclass.ThedesignofHanfucontains(蕴含)Chinesecultureinitsdetails.Withloose(宽松的)sleevesandbottom,Hanfuallowswearerstowalkbeautifullyandshowgoodmanners.ItalsoreflectsthecharacteristicsoftheHannationality,whicharepolitenessandquietness.Theirtasteissimpleandnatural.Inancienttimes,asasymbolofChineseculture,HanfuhadagreatinfluenceonclothingstyleofsomecountriesaroundChina,suchastheJapanesekimonoandtheKoreanhanbok.However,intheQingdynasty,thegovernmentmadestrictrulestomakeHanpeoplewearManchuclothing.AftertheQingdynasty,Chinesepeoplestartedtowearwestern-styleclothesandHanfudisappearedfrompeople’sdailylives.Atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,increasingly,theyounggenerationhaverealizedthebeautyofHanfu.AlargenumberofyoungpeopleenjoywearingHanfuinatriporinaparty.AndtheyareactiveinprotectingtheChineseculture.Now,Hanfufestivals,liketheHanfuCulturalFestivalinXitang,caninterestthousandsofChineseculturelovers.WhileshowingHanfuofdifferentdynasties,thesefestivalsalsoincludeactivitiesaboutChineseculturelikearchery(箭术)andclassicalChinesepoetry.Hanfuisnotjustapieceofclothingbutit’sacarrierofChineseculture.ForChineseyoungpeople,theyfeelstrangelyproudwhentheywearHanfu.ItleadstoarenewedChinesefashionstyle.1.TheHanpeoplehadwornHanfuforthousandsofyears.2.People2wearHanfuinQingdynasty.3.Hanfudisappearedfrompeople’sdailylivesafterQingdynasty.1.Hanfureflectsthehistory,cultureandvaluesofChina.2.HanfuhasinfluencedtheChinesefashionworld.3.HanfuhasagreatinfluenceonChina’s3clothing,suchastheJapanesekimonoandtheKoreanhanbok.※HanfuwasbasedontheFourBooksandFiveClassics.1.Circle-cutlongsleevesrepresent“heaven”,showingasenseofbeauty.2.Cross-collarsrepresent“earth”whichleadpeopletofollowtherules.3.Thebeltisasymbolofhonesty.4.Patternscanshowthewearers’4class.1.ThepopularityofwearingHanfuhasrisenamongyoungpeople.2.TherearesomefestivalsshowingthebeautyofHanfu.3.WearingHanfubringsyoungpeopleastrong5.11．12．13．14．15．（2023·山东菏泽·统考一模）阅读下面短文，用英语完成思维导图。TypesoftraditionalChineseclothesEachcountryintheworldhasitsowntraditionalclothes.Fromthesetraditionalclothes,peopleareabletotellonecountryfromanother.Let’shavealookatfourtypesofwell­-knowntraditionalChineseclothes.HanfuistheoldestChinesetraditionalclothes.Ithasmanykinds,forexample,Ruqun.WomenoftenwearRuqun.Ruisonekindofshortclothes,andQunisonekindofskirt.TangsuitoftenreferstoatypeofChinesejacket.Itsmostcommoncolorsareredandblue.ChinesepeoplemakeTangsuitwithsilk,cottonandothermaterials.Thename“Cheongsam”or“Qipao”means“longdress”.ItistraditionalclothingforChinesewomen.Itsneckishigh.Itssleevesmaybeeithershort,mediumorfulllength.Zhongshansuitistypicalclothesformen.ItgotthenamebecauseofSunZhongshan.Lateron,ChairmanMaooftenworeit,soithadanothername,“Maosuit”.16．17．18．19．20．二、补全句子（2023·黑龙江大庆·校联考模拟预测）Whenwererestaurantsinvented?Doyouknowaboutthat?Actually,thefirstrestaurantswereinventedthousandsofyearsago.However,theywereverydifferentfromrestaurantstoday.ThefirstrestaurantswereinancientGreeceandancientRome.Theserestaurantsservedfoodinlargestonebowls.Peopledidn’torderfoodfromamenu.Everyoneusedtosharethefoodfrombigbowls.PeoplebelievethattheseplaceswereverypopularbecausemosthomesinancientGreeceandRomedidnothavekitchens.Also,peopledidn’thavetostorefoodathomeiftheyateattheserestaurants.Later,restaurantsbegantoopeninChina.Intheearly1100s,morethanonemillionpeoplelivedinthecityofHangzhou,China.Itwasaverybusycity,andpeoplehadmoney.Allofthesepeoplehadtoeat.SmartcooksstartedcookingandsellingfoodalongtheImperialWay,averybigstreetinthecity.UnlikeinancientGreeceandRome,peopleinChinacouldchoosefoodfromamenu.Theydidn’thavetoeatthesamefoodaseveryoneelse.Forthenextseveralcenturies,therewererestaurantsallovertheworld.Peoplecouldbuyfoodonthestreetoratinns-smallhotels.Theninthemiddleofthe1700s,restaurantsstartedopeninginParis.Theserestaurantsweremoresimilartorestaurantsweknowtoday.Therewasabiggervarietyoffood,andeatingintheserestaurantswasamoreenjoyableexperience.Inthe19thcentury,trainsmadetravelmuchfasterandsimpler.Intheend,thiskindofrestaurantsbegantoappearalloverEuropeandinotherpartsoftheworld.Nowrestaurantsarehereandthere.Youcanbuyavarietyofdifferentkindsoffood.Youcanasksomeonetosendfoodtoyourdoor.Butrememberitwasn’talwayslikethat.Usewordswithpropermeaningsandgrammaticalrulestofillintheblanks.(Onlyonewordforoneblank)21．,thefirstrestaurantswereinventedthousandsofyearsago.Buttheyweredifferentfromrestaurantstoday.22．ThefirstrestaurantsinancientGreeceandancientRomewerebecausemosthomesdidnothavekitchens.23．Later,restaurantsbegantoopeninChina.RestaurantsinHangzhouprovidedapeople.24．Inthemiddleofthe1700s,restaurantsstartedopeninginParis.Therewasabiggervarietyoffood,andintheserestaurantswasamoreexperience.25．Now,restaurantsare.Youcanbuyavarietyofdifferentkindsoffood.Youcanhavefoodtoyourdoor.（2023·陕西西安·校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。SunJiarui,a10-year-oldgirlfromWuxi,JiangsuProvince,recentlybecomesfamousonlineforhercookingskills.Sunhaslearnttocookfromherfatherfortwoyearsandnowshecancookmorethan50dishes.Canyoucook?Ifso,whatdishesareyougoodat?Formiddleandprimaryschoolstudents,beingabletocookwillbecomeamust.Anewcurriculumstandard(课程标准)forlabor(劳动)educationrecentlycameout.Startingfrom2022fallterm,studentsarerequiredtotakecoursesonlaborskills.Thestandardincludesdifferentlabortasks.Thefirstisdailyhousework,includingcleaning,organizing,cooking,andrepairinghomeappliances.Thenextisproductivelabor(生产劳动),suchasmakingtraditionalhandicraft(手工艺品),andusingnewtechnologieslike3Dprinting.Onemoretypeiscommunitywork.Laboreducationaimstodevelopstudents’basiclifeskillsandgoodworkinghabits.Schooleducationdidn’tvalue(重视)itinthepast.Accordingtoareportin2019,ittakesChinesekidsonly12minutesadaytodohousework,comparedwith72minutesforAmericanstudentseachdayand30minutesforFrenchstudents.LiuFang,amotherof6-year-oldtwinsinBeijing,isastrongsupporteroflaboreducation.Inthepastyear,shehastrainedherdaughterstodohouseholdchoresandmakesimpledishesforthefamily.“Bydoinghousework,theirhand-eyecoordination(协调),timemanagementandorganizationskillscanbetrainedandit’salsogoodtohelpthemrelax,”saidLiu.Throughsucheducation,herdaughtershavefoundfunindoingchoresandaremoreindependent.26．Whatkindsoflabortasksareincludedinthestandard?Daily,productivelaborandcommunityworkareincluded.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinParagraph3?Itrefersto.28．Accordingtothereportin2019,inwhichcountrydochildrendohouseworklongestaday?Thechildrenindohouseworklongestaday.29．WhatdoesLiuFangthinkoflaboreducation?Shethinksitis.30．Whattitlecanyoumakeforthispassagewithinninewordsusing“laboreducation,important,meaningful,students”?Thetitlecanbe“”.（2023·陕西西安·陕西师大附中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。ASuperfastWritingRobotTheUScompanyOpenAIhasmadeapowerfulwritingrobotthatiscalledChatGPT.ThecompanydevelopedChatGPTtowritenovels,songs,poemsandevenjokes.Forexample,ifyoutype（打字）in“Acatwantstogotospace”andasktherobottowriteabedtimestory.Justonesecondlater,you’llgetthestoryofacat,Max,whostruggled(奋斗)itswaypastmanydifficultiestotravelamongthestars.Besides,itcanalsotranslatelanguagesandcommunicatewithpeople.YoucanaskChatGPTanything,likeexplainingphysics,andaskingforbirthdaypartyideas.Perhapsit’snotsmartenoughtotaketheplaceofhumansyet,butitcanbeverycreative.Sofar,peoplearoundtheworldhavetriedChatGPTandpostedtheirresultsonsocialmedia.Thepowerofitliesinitsspeedandunderstandingofdifficultproblems.Peoplemayspendhoursresearching,understandingandwritinganarticleinaspecialfield.ButChatGPTcanproduceawell-writtenonejustinseconds.Anothergoodthingaboutitisthatifyouaskdarkandharmfulquestions,itwillnotgiveyouanswerstothem.However,ChatGPTalsoleadstomanyproblems.Thecopyright（版权）isthemostseriousone.Also,sincetherobotistrainedtomainlyusewordsfromtheInternet,itsometimespicksupwordswhicharenotsuitable.Thesearetheproblemsthatpeopleneedtosolveinthefuture.31．ChatGPTisdevelopedtoandevenjokes.32．InParagraph2,thewritershowswhatChatGPTcandoby.33．ThepowerofChatGPTisofdifficultproblems.34．Theword“them”refersto.35．ChatGPTisand,butitalsohasmanyproblemstobesolved.三、补全短文（2023·山西大同·统考模拟预测）请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与文章意思最符合的单词，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。每空一词。Nowadays,whereverwego,wecan’tleaveourmobilephonesbehind.Whenweeatout,onceadishcomes,we’dtakeoutourphonesandclick,ratherthanliftourchopsticksfirst.Later,wepostthephotosontoWeiboorWeChat,waitingtobe“liked”.Thenwecheckourphonesfromtimetotimeduringthemeal.Arecentstudysuggeststhatwhatweareusedtodoingisnotthatgood.Spendingtimetakingphotosoffoodmakesthefoodlesspleasant.Totestthis,somepeoplewereaskedtotakephotosbeforetheycouldenjoyfood.Itturnedoutthatthemorephotostheytook,thelessdeliciousthefoodseemedtothem.Therearealsosomeotherbadinfluencesoftakingphotosoffoodbeforemeals.AfterpostingthephotosontotheInternet,oneisunabletocontrolhimselfandcheckhisphonemanytimes,whichmakesothersuncomfortable.Itseemsthatyourphonecallsyournamesecretlyallthetime,evenwhenyouarewithrealpeople.So,whenyougoouttohavedinnerwithyourfamilyorfriendsnexttime,howaboutnottakingphotosoffood?Letthefoodbedeliciousandshareyourlifewithpeoplearoundyou.Whenweeatout,weoftentakeoutourphonesandtakephotosratherthan36thechopstickswhenadishcomes.Later,wepostthephotosontoWeiboorWeChat,waitingtobe“liked”.However,thefoodbecomeslesspleasantbecausewespendtimetakingphotos37enjoyingthefood.Besides.therearealsosomeotherbad38aboutthisbehavior.AfterpostingthephotosontotheInternet,wearemadetocheckourphonesmanytimes,anditmakesothers39.Itseemsthatourphonescallus40allthetime,evenwhenwearewithrealpeople.Sowhenwegoouttohavedinnerwithourfamilyorfriends,weshouldsharedeliciousfoodandlifewiththem.（2023·山西太原·山西实验中学校考三模）请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在方框内的缩写文章中，填入与短文意思最符合的单词。每空一词。Haveyoueverusedastrangelink(链接)online?Isthepasswordofyourgameaccount(账号)safeenough?Youmaythinkthesearenobigdeal.Buttheycanmakebigtrouble!Criminalscanbreakintoyoursmartphonesorcomputers.Theyputavirus(病毒)onitthroughalink.Thentheystealyourgamingaccountandgetmoneyfromit.Theycanalsosellyourname,addressandIDcardnumbertoundergroundmarkets.Thenyoumightgetlotsofcallsfromcheats.So,don’tclickonstrangelinks.Makeyourpasswordstrongenough.Askforhelpwhenyouarenotsure.Withsuchadangerfromstrangelinks,somethingterribleoftenhappens.Thekeyistowalkafineline.Internetsafetyisquiteimportanttoacountry,too.NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversityisatopuniversityinXi’an,Shaanxi.It’sfamousforitsstudyofspace.InApril,theuniversitysaidsomeonebrokeintotheirinformationsystem.Teachersandstudentsgotemailswithavirus.ZhouHongyi,inventorofInternetsecuritycompanyQihoo360,saidthatnational-levelhacker(黑客)armieshavebecomethebiggestdangertoChina’sInternetsafety.“Internetenemiesmadebyacountryhavecleargoals.Theymaygetintokeyinformationsystemsandwaitfortherightchancestostealinformation,”Zhousaid.Inrecentyears,ChinahascalledontechcompaniestodevelopourownwaysandsoftwaretoprotecttheInternetinformation.Thiscanhelpwithourpersonalandcountry’sInternetsafety.Internetsafetyisofgreatimportanceintoday’sworld.Youneedtoknowusingastrangelink(链接)onlinecanmakebig41,becausecriminalscanbreakintooursmartphonesorcomputersandbringdifferentkindsofdamage.So,weshouldmakesurethatourpasswordis42enoughandneverclickonstrangelinks.Internetsafetyisalso43importanttoacountry.NorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity,whichisfamousforitsstudyofspace,wasoncebrokeninto.The44ofOihoo360believesnational-levelhackerarmieshavebecomethebiggestdangertoChina’sInternetsafety.Toprotectit,techcompanieshavebeencalledonto45ourownwaysandsoftware.四、多任务混合（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）XianXinghai（冼星海）wasaveryfamousmusicianinChina.Hewroteoneofthegreatestpiecesofmusicofthe20thcentury.Inhisshortlifehewroteabout300songsandanopera.Xianwasbornin1905.Becausehisfatherdiedbeforehewasborn,Xianmovedfromplacetoplacewithhismother.Hebeganlearningtoplaytheviolinwhenhewas20yearsold.Inthebeginning,hisviolinwassocheapthathecouldnotplayitwell.Hisfriendslaughedathim.Xiandidnotstoppracticingandsoonshowedhistalent.In1934,hewasoneofthefirstChinesestudentswhostudiedinaspecialschoolinParis.Beforeheleft,Xianbecameoneoftheschool’sbeststudentsandwonseveralprizesforhistalents.In1935,hereturnedtoChinaandhelpedfightagainsttheJapanesearmy.Later,hecametoYan’antoteachmusicatacollege.AlthoughtherewerenopianosinYan’anatthattime,Xianwrotesomeofhismostimportantmusicthere,includingTheYellowRiver,hismostfamouswork.InMay1940,XianwenttotheSovietUnion（前苏联）towritemusicformovies.IntheSovietUnion,lifewasveryhard.XiangotsickandlaterdiedofalungillnessonOctober30,1945,agedonly40.Xian’smusic,however,livesoninthepeople’shearts.1—2根据英文释义及首字母提示拼写单词。3同义句转换，每空一词。4—6根据短文内容回答问题。46．f:knownaboutbymanypeople47．d:tostopliving48．Hebeganlearningtoplaytheviolinwhenhewas20yearsold.Hebeganlearningtoplaytheviolintheof20.49．HowmanysongsandanoperadidXianXinghaiwriteinhisshortlife?50．WhatwasXianXinghai’smostfamouswork?51．WasXianXinghaithefirstChinesestudentwhostudiedinaspecialmusicschoolinParis?（2023·海南海口·海南中学校考模拟预测）ThePeople’sBankofChinahasissued(发行)thefifthedition(版本)oftherenminbi(RMB).Thesepapermoneyhasbrightercolorsandnewsafetyability.We’vebeenusingpapermoneyforaround1,000years.BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,Chinesepeoplemadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytotaketheplaceofthemetalcoins.Theywerecalledjiaozi.Papermoneywascheapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopularthanotherformsofmoney.Butnow,inthedigitals(数码的)age,papermoneyseemstobedisappearingforthesamereason.Now,fromsupermarketstostreetstores,peoplepaybyusingtheWechatWalletandAlipayappsontheirmobilephones.Swedenisevenclosertoafuturewithoutpapermoney.ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecash(现金)onhand.Butthereareworriesaboutcreatingcashlesssocieties.Somesayitisunfairtothepoorandpeoplewithoutmucheducation.It’snoteasyforthemtoopenbankaccounts(账户)ordealwithmobilephones.Andifallofyourmoneyis“digital”,itmaynotbesafeenough.Ispapermoneygoingaway?Althoughpapermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpaymentinsomecountries,itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.52．Howlonghasthepapermoneybeenused?53．Whywaspapermoneymorepopularthanotherformsofmoney?54．Howdopeoplepaywhentheybuythingsinthesupermarkets?55．文中划线单词it指的是56．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）根据所给材料，提取信息，完成思维导图DearRobert,Thankyouoryourlaste-mail!Youknowthatwehavelearnedalotofknowledgehereforfouryears.Weareleavingourschoolintwoweeks.Itistimeforustosaygoodbyetoourschool,ourteachersandschoolmates.Youdidn’tgotoschoollastweek.WehadthegraduationpartyintheschoolhalllastTuesday.Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tcometothegraduationparty.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.Allthestudentcouldn’twaittocometotheschoolhallat3:00p.m.Ourteachersandparentswereinvitedtotheparty,too.First,ourmonitor(班长)madeaspeech.Hethankedourteachersandparents.Next,allthestudentsexchangedpresents.Themostexcitingmomentwastheshowtime.Wesang,dancedandplayedgames.OurEnglishteachertoldastorywhichmadeusall.Howisitgoingwithyounow?Pleasewritesoon.Yours,Alice1．2．3．4．5．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）完成图表。根据短文内容，完成图表中所缺信息。Environmentalprotectionisoneofthehottesttopicsnowadays.ItwasalsosomethingthatancientChinesepaidgreatattentionto.Infact,theworld’searliestenvironmentalprotectionidea,ministry（部门）andlawwereallborninChina.HowdidtheancientChineseprotecttheenvironment?Theworld’searliestideaof“managingstateaffairs（政事）throughenvironmentalprotection”Xunzi,afamousthinkerintheWarringStatesPeriod,cameupwiththeideaof“managingstateaffairsthroughenvironmentalprotection”.Hewroteinhisbookthatvegetation（植被）shouldbeprotectedwellbyhumans.GuanZhong,agovernmentofficer400yearsaheadofXunzi,wasalsoanenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Hesaid“akingwhocannotprotecthisvegetationisnotdoingagoodjob”.Theworld’searliest“environmentalprotectionministry”NineministriessetupbyShun,anancientChineseemperor,included“Yu”（虞）,anenvironmentalprotectionministry.Thefirst“Yu”leaderwasBoyi,anenvironmentalprotectionexpert.Heinventedwellssopeoplecoulddrinkcleanwater.Heknewalotaboutanimalsandalsocalledforanimalprotection.Theworld’searliest“environmentalprotectionlaw”Over4,000yearsago,Dayu,anancientChinesewater-controlexpertandalsoanemperor,madearule,notallowingpeopletocutdowntreesinMarchorcatchfishinJune,becauseitwasthetimewhentheygrewquickly.Almost3,000yearsago,Tianlü,thefirstenvironmentalprotectionlaw,appearedinQin.Itrecordedmanyancientenvironmentalprotectionrules.Twoofthemwereinteresting:firstly,riversshouldnotbeblocked（堵塞）;secondly,grassandtreesshouldnotbeburnedtobefertilizer（肥料）exceptforsummer.Thesecondoneisinspiringevenfortoday.Itcanhelptokeepaircleanandfresh.6．7．8．9．10．（2022·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）根据短文内容完成短文后的思维导图。Whenyouvisitaforeigncountry,itisimportanttoknowhowtoaskforhelppolitely.Forexample,youmayask“Wherearetherestrooms?”or“Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?”Thesearesimilarrequestsfordirections.Botharecorrect,butthefirstonesoundslesspolite.Thatisbecauseitisaverydirectquestion.Itisnotenoughtojustaskaquestioncorrectly.Wealsoneedtolearnhowtobepolitewhenweaskforhelp.Goodspeakerschangethewaytheyspeakindifferentsituations.Theexpressionstheyusemightdependonwhomtheyarespeakingtoorhowwelltheyknoweachother.Itisallrighttoaskyourclassmatesdirectquestionsbecauseyouknowthemwell.However,ifyousaytoyourteacher,“Whenistheschooltrip?”thismightsoundimpolite.Butifyousay,“Excuseme,Mr.West.Doyouknowwhentheschooltripis?”,thiswillsoundmuchmorepolite.Usuallypolitequestionsarelonger.Theyincludeexpressionssuchas“Couldyouplease...?”or“MayIask...?”Itsoundsmorepolitetosay,“Peter,couldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?”than“Peter,tellmeyoure-mailaddress.”Sometimesweevenneedtospendtimeleadingintoarequest.Forexample,wemightfirstsaytoastranger,“Excuseme,Iwonderifyoucanhelpme”or“I’msorrytotroubleyou,but...”beforeaskingforhelp.Itmightseemmoredifficulttospeakpolitelythandirectly.However,itisimportanttolearnhowtousetherightlanguageindifferentsituations.Thiswillhelpyoucommunicatebetterwithotherpeople.11．12．13．14．15．（2023·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）Chineseshadowpuppetry(皮影戏)isaformoftraditionalChinesefolkdrama.Itisprobablyoneofthemostancientartsusinglightandshado