人教版高中英语选修八第6讲：unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions-语法篇(教师版)

第6讲Inventorsandinventions语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能；2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。一.概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。(一).分词的作用：作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：Thesleepingboyismyson.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.Alostopportunityneverreturns.Heisaretiredworker.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.Thisisthequestiongiven.Thereisnothinginteresting.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists作表语现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：Thefilmistouching.Theglassisbroken.Shelookedtiredwithcooking.Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：Ismellsomethingburning.Iheardhimsingingthesong.Iheardmynamecalled.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.Ifoundmycarmissing.I’llhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说到strictlyspeaking严格地说judgingfrom从···判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来。如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(二).分词的时态与主语动词同时。如：Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。先于主语动词分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.做完作业，他出去散步。(三).分词的语态通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebook他就是给你书的那个人Sheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等词。如：aretiredperson一个退休的人afallenball一个落下来的球aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴二.现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落在地上的树叶1.（2014安徽卷）Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget

,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.

A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.topromote

答案:B

解析:本题考察的非谓语动词的固定搭配“get+过去分词”，如“getburnt”被烫伤，getpaid获得报酬；本句中的getpromoted获得提拔。句义：在等待着背提拔的机会的时候，Herry全力以赴地尽好自己的责任。故B正确。2.（2014福建卷）Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________.

A.connected B.

connecting C.

toconnect D.

tobeconnected

答案:A

解析:系动词stay/get后面经常接过去分词转换的形容词，如getpaid获得报酬。Getburnt被烫伤；本句中的stayconnected保持联系。句义：对于那些家人在远方的人，电脑和电话在和家人保持联系方面是很重要的。故A正确。3.（2014四川卷）Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanynewproducts______aftergreateffort.

A.havingdeveloped B.todevelop C.developed D.develop

答案:C

解析:此题考查的是过去分词developed作感官动词see的宾语manynewproducts的补足语，因为develop与宾语products间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。句意：经理很满意地看见在付出巨大努力之后看到很多新产品被研发出来。A项表示的是主动关系，B项不定式表示为了将要发生的事情。故C正确。4.（2015陕西卷）Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________goodcareofathome.

A.taking B.taken C.take D.betaken

答案:B

解析:本句考察的是非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法。句中动词take与hismother构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动。排除AC项，因为AC项都表示主动，D项不符合非谓语的结构。句义：......李博士很开心看到他的妈妈在家被照顾得很好。故B正确。5.（2014浙江卷）AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse_______toguardher.

A.toappoint

B.appointing C.appointed D.havingappointed

答案:C

解析:本句中的动词appoint任命与前面的名词nurse之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语appointedtoguardher做定语来修饰前面的名词nurse。句意：残疾的AnnieSalmon整个上学期间都是由一名被指定帮助他的护士照顾的。ABD三项均表示的是主动关系。故C正确。基础演练1.MostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientistsThefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewritten B.tobewritten C.beingwrittenD.written2.What’sthelanguage______inGermany?A.speakingB.spoken C.bespoken D.tospeak3.Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughB.bought C.beenboughtD.buying.4.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.readB.reads C.toreadD.reading5.______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed B.Followedby C.Beingfollowed D.HavingbeenfollowedKey:1-5DBBDB巩固提高6.Therewasaterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.A.followed B.following C.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed7.______,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.Heating B.Tobeheated C.HeatedD.Heat8.When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completed B.completing C.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted9.______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.Havingsuffered B.Suffering C.TosufferD.Suffered10.—I’mvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm,itdoeshavea______smell.A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased C.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant11.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.Notreceiving B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived D.Havingnotreceived12.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout13.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,______alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparing C.preparedD.waspreparing14.________intheearly20thcentury，theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.Tofound B.Founding C.FoundedD.Havingfounded15.Theymightjusthaveaplace________onthewritingcourse—whydon'tyougiveitatry?A.leave B.left C.leavingD.toleaveKey:6-10BCAAD10-15CCBCB1.________withLeiFeng,westillhavealongwaytogo.A.ComparingB.Compared C.TocompareD.Beingcompared2.Ireallylikethissongasitisoftenheard________everywhereinChina.A.singing B.sung C.havingsung D.tosing3.________thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis,peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.A.ConvincingB.Convinced C.ToconvinceD.Havingconvinced4.Icameintotheclassroom,________myseatandsatdowntoread.A.finding B.tofind C.found D.tobefound5.________tohisworkresultedinhisgreatsuccess.A.Devoted B.Beingdevoted C.Devoting D.Todevote6.Thedoor________tomorrowwillgetdrythedayaftertomorrow.A.painted B.tobepainted C.beingpainted D.topaint7.Hecoulddonothingbut________whathehadsaid.A.totakebackB.tobetakenback C.takingbackD.takeback8.IflewtoParisthismorning,myassistant________metherethisFriday.A.Joining B.tojoin C.willjoin D.wantstojoin9.________Australia'srelativelysmallpopulation,itsoutstandingperformanceintheOlympicGameswasreally________.A.Supposing;amazing B.Comparing;amazedC.Considering;amazing D.Given;amazed10.I'mgoingthroughthecompositionhehasjustfinished________thepossiblemistakesinit.A.correct B.tocorrect C.havingcorrectedD.corrected11.ThisistheveryplanthatI'dliketosee________inthenexttwomonths.A.carryoutB.tobecarriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carriedout12.Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim________onabeach,withhiseyes________onakiteinthesky.A.seated;fixingB.sitting;fixing C.seated;fixedD.sitting;beingfixed13.Hesatcalmlyontheplatform,________toanswerthequestion.A.prepareB.Preparing C.preparedD.toprepare14.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lost C.tolose D.havinglost15.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorderas________.A.told B.beingtold C.Telling D.tobetoldKey:1-5BBBCB 6-10BDBCB 11-15DCCBA__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________单项选择1.Thesupermarketnextmonthwillbethebiggestoneinthecity.A.completed B.beingcompletedC.tobecompleted D.havingbeencompleted2.Victims,inthenews,whoareinfectedwithH7N9havecomeupto28.A.isreported B.reportedC.reporting D.whichreports3.Doyouknowthatthemeetingthisafternoonhasbeenputtillnextweek?A.tobeheld;off B.tobeheld;forwardC.held;off D.held;forward4.I’mafraidthatIcan’tattendTom’sweddingpartynextweekend.A.tobeheld B.beingheldC.held D.istobeheld5.Thetallbuildinginthecenterofthisareawillbeusedasa5-starhotel.A.tobuilt B.buildingC.beingbuilt D.havingbuilt6.AdirectairrouteChongqingandSanFranciscoisexpectedtoopennextmonth.A.linking B.beinglinkedC.link D.linked7.We,adiscussionwiththeteacher,cametounderstandtheproblembetter.A.holding B.heldC.beingheld D.havingheld8.Themanagerlistenedtothecustomers’complaintsattentivelywithgreatpatience,tomissanypoint.A.nottrying B.tryingnotC.totrynot D.nottotry9.Wehurriedallthewaytotheairport,onlythattheflighthadbeencancelledbecauseofthefoggyweather.A.beingtold B.tobetoldC.havingtold D.tohavebeentold10.thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis,peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.A.Convincing B.ConvincedC.Toconvince D.HavingconvincedKey:1-5CBAAC6-10ADBBB二.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Whatisinthedrugthatmakesyousickordead?Forexample,cocaineisharmful,butwhatmakesitharmful?Ican'ttellyouallaboutdrugs,butIcan1youthinkabouttheminthis2way.Yourbodyisaverycomplicated（复杂的）machine,3alotofchemicalmachinery,allofwhichisfinallyturned4itallworkstogether.Specialchemicals,whichwecalldrugs,canaffectitinmanydifferentways.Somedrugsare5whenyourbodyhasaproblem,aswithdisease-causingbacteria.Thensomeonemaygiveyouaspirintokeepyourtemperaturefromgoingtoo6orsomepenicillin（青霉素）7itstopsthegrowthofsomekindsofbacteria.8,alldrugsarereallypoison,9ifyoutaketoomuch,soyoumustalwaysusethem10.Whydosomepeopletakedrugslikecocaine?Foralittlewhiletheyseemtomakeyoufeelbetter,orhappier.But11theireffectshave12,yourbodyhastopayanextra13togetbacktonormal.Thatmakesyouwanttoget14ofthedrug.Drugslikecocainehavetheirspecialeffectsbecausetheyactas15foryournervoussystem.Theycutoffsomeofyournervepathwaysandtakeawaysomeofyoursensesandyour16.Theymakeyouwantalwaysmore.Andjustalittletoomuchcaneven17nervestoyourheartandstopitsbeating.Manyofusworryaboutthe18aroundusandwhatpollutiondoestous.Howaboutyourinternal（内在的）environment,andwhatgoeson19you?Youcontrolthatallbyyourselfinwhatyouputintoyour20.Mostdrugsarepollutants.Youwouldnotwantpollutantsintheairandwateraroundyou.Whywouldyouwantpollutantsinyourbody?1.A.make B.cause C.help D.let2.A.funny B.different C.simple D.true3.A.just B.really C.especially D.sometimes4.A.asif B.evenif C.where D.sothat5.A.powerful B.helpful C.painful D.helpless6.A.high B.tall C.much D.hot7.A.when B.until C.as D.before8.A.Besides B.Thus C.However D.Naturally9.A.atmost B.atleast C.attimes D.atfirst10.A.carefully B.easily C.carelessly D.alot11.A.where B.before C.after D.until12.A.worked B.worn C.appeared D.lost13.A.number B.quantity C.amount D.price14.A.somemore B.nothing C.alittle D.afew15.A.guards B.medicine C.chemicals D.poisons16.A.worries B.happiness C.freedom D.pride17.A.lead B.block C.offer D.stick18.A.places B.nature C.people D.environ19.A.inside B.around C.outside D.nextto20.A.heart B.head C.body D.MindKey:1-5CCBDB 6-10ACCBA 11-15CBDAD 16-20ABDAC三.阅读理解Aswithmanyaspectsofmodernlife,lightpollutionrepresentsbothatriumphoftechnologyandaminordisaster.Itdisruptsabasicrelationshipthathasevolvedbetweenhumansandthenaturalworld.HistorianssuchasA.RogerEkrichhavenotedhowdarknessinfluencedculturalandsocialpractices.Theterritoryofintimacyandimagination,nightcanalsocarveoutarefugefromthenever-endingresponsibilitiesoftheday.IrememberrecentlybeinginTimesSquare,andtherewassomuchlightthatitjustfeltlikewewereinadomedstadiumalmost,lookingupatsomethingtotallyartificialaboveus.WhenmostAmericansarelivingnowincitiesandsuburbswherethey’regettinganywherefromtwodozentofourdozenstarsinsteadof2,500,whichisthenumberyoucouldseeonanormalnightwithnolightpollution,it’salmostlikewhybother?Idon’tknowifmostpeopleevenlookupandnoticethestars.Andcertainlywayback,whenanightskywassomethingthatwouldtellyoustoriesaboutyourlife,we’rewaybeyondthat.IhaveverygoodfriendsinNewMexico.Isaidto