人教版初三(上)英语第11讲：UNIT-6-词汇篇(学生版)

Module6词汇篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本模块基础的单词，短语，句子。

ItissaidthataChineserulercalledShenNongfirstdiscoveredteaasadrink.

据说一个叫做神农的中国统治者首次发现了茶作为一种饮料。

·

基本用法

本句中包括两个非常重要的结构：

1.Itis+过去分词+that，常用到的动词有：say,report,believe,think等。

Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/hopedthat...据说/认为/报道

本句中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。

ItisbelievedthatteawasbroughttoKoreaandJapanduringthe6thand7thcenturies.

人们认为茶是在6、7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。

2.calledShenNong做aChineseruler的后置定语，翻译成：一个名叫做神农的中国统治者。

初中常考的还有named也可以做后置定语。如：

aboynamedTom

一个名叫汤姆的男孩

BasketballwasinventedbyaCanadiandoctornamedJamesNaismith,whowasbornin1861.

篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大博士发明的，他出生于1861年。

建议：搜索called/named做后置定语的题目时，选择知识点为：done做定语，同时在关键词中输入：

call或name。

InEngland,teadidn'tappearuntilaround1660,butlessthan100yearslater,

it

hadbecomethenationaldrink.

在英格兰，茶大约在1660年才出现，但是不到100年后，它就已经成为了国际性的

饮料。

·

基本用法

本句中包含了两个比较重要的结构：

1.not...until

直到...才

Shedidn'tgotobeduntilhermumcameback.

直到她妈妈回来，她才去睡觉。

2....ithadbecomethenationaldrink的时态为过去完成时，其结构为：had+过去分词，

过去完成时的含义：表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成的动作，即”过去的过去。”

Bythetimehewas14,Mozarthadcomposedmanypiecesfortheharpsichord,pianoandviolin,

aswellasfororchestras.

到14岁的时候，莫扎特已经为管弦乐和大键琴、钢琴、小提琴作了许多乐曲。

InChina,youcansometimesseepeopleplayingbasketballinparks,schoolsand

eveninfactories.

在中国，你能看见人们有时候在公园、学校，甚至是工厂里打篮球。

·

基本用法

本句中，包含seesbdoing的结构，表示“看见某人正在做某事”。

1.seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事。

WhenIpassthewindowIseehimdrawingapicture.

当我经过窗口时，看到他正在画画。

2.除此以外，还有seesb.dosth.的结构，表示“看见某人做过某事”

Ioftenseehimdrawapicture.

我经常看到他画画。

Whenhewasatcollege,histeacheraskedtheclasstothinkofagamethatcanbe

playedinthewinter.

当他在大学的时候，他的老师让同学们想出一个可以在冬天玩的游戏。

·

基本用法

1.这句话中包含“asksb.todosth.”的结构，表示“让某人做某事”。

类似的接双宾语的词还有：want/tell/allow/permit/force/forbid/encourage/persuadesb.todosth.

意思是：

想/告诉/允许/强迫/禁止/鼓励/劝阻某人做某事等。

Shewantedhimtosingforherfriends．

她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。

Thepolicemantoldtheboysnottoplayinthestreet．

警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。

MymotherallowstowatchTVonlyafterIhavefinishedmyhomework.

我妈妈允许我完成作业后看电视。

2.句中“thatcanbeplayedinthewinter”是定语从句修饰先行词agame.关系代词that在从句中作主语。

Do

you

know

the

gentleman

thatspoke

just

now？

你知道刚才发言的男士吗？

Playersonthesameteammustworktogethertohelpeachothergettheballinthe

otherteam'sbasket.

在同一个队的选手们必须一起努力来帮助彼此把球投到另一个队的篮筐里。

·

基本用法

本句中包含的主要知识点有：

1.介词短语onthesameteam做players的后置定语，翻译成在同一个队伍里的选手们

TheboyinblueisTom.

穿蓝色衣服的男孩是汤姆。

2.不定式“tohelpeachothergettheball”作目的状语，

Iwenttheretoseemyuncle.

我去那儿想看望我的叔叔。

3.“helpeachothergettheball..."采用了”helpsb.(to)dosth.“的结构，意为：帮助某人做某事。

Theytrytohelpme(to)passtheexamination.

他们尽力帮助我通过考试。

Basketballhasnotonlybecomeapopularsporttoplay,ithasalsobecomeamore

popularsporttowatch.

篮球不仅成为一种人们喜欢从事的体育活动，而且更成为受人们喜爱观看的一种体育

运动。

·

基本用法

本句中采用了”notonly...butalso"的结构，意为：“

不仅...而且...”，用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，

着重强调后者，其中also有时可以省略。

1.连接主语：

NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMaryarefondofwatchingtelevision.

不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。

2.连接谓语动词

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberof

socialcustoms.

英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。

3.连接宾语：

Dannyisgoodatnotonly

musicbutalso

art.

丹尼不仅擅长音乐，还擅长美术。

4.连接宾语补足语：

Lightandbrightcolorsmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmoreactive.

浅色和鲜艳的颜色不但使人看了高兴，也会使人更加活泼。

5．连接表语：

Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbut(also)anactor.

莎士比亚不仅是一位剧作家，而且是一位演员。

6．连接状语：

ShecanspeakEnglishnotonlycorrectlybutalsoclearly.

她说英语不仅正确无误，还很清晰。

7.连接定语：

Manhasbecomemasternotonlyoftheskybutalsoofthespace.

人类不但征服了天空，而且征服了太空。

It’sdifficulttobeafamousbasketballplayerbecause….

很难成为一个著名的篮球运动员，因为

·

基本用法

这句话的句型结构为：It+be+adj+(forsb)todosth.意为“做某事（对某人来说）……”。如：

Itispossibleforhimtowinthegame.

对于他来说赢得比赛是有可能的。

Itisinterestingforthestudentstoorganizetheartfestivalbythemselves.

学生们自己组织艺术节对他们来说是很有趣的。Sunglassesareused

protectingeyes.

A.from

B.for

C.to

D.with2.HetookmyEnglish-Chinesedictionary_____mistake.

A.to

B.by

C.about

D.on3.—HaveyouseenthefilmcominghomedirectedbyZhangYimou?—Notyet.I’m______seeingit.It’ssaidthefilmisgreat!lookingdownon B.lookingoutforC.lookingupto D.lookingforwardto4.Theymeteachother___________and___________twomonthslater.

A.byaccident,getmarried

B.byaccident,gotmarried

C.inaccident,wasmarried

D.inanaccident,married

with5.The18thJiangsuProvincialGameswillinSeptember.Manystudentswanttobevolunteers.A.takeplace B.takepartC.takesaction D.takecare基础演练根据句意及首字母提示完成单词.TheRussianswerethe________(先驱)ofspacetravel.2.Musiccanoffer________(愉快)tous,somanypeoplelikelisteningtoit.3.Wehavepencilboxesinallkindsof________(款式).4.WhenIcalledMike,hewas________(列出)thethingshewantedtobuy.5.Doyouknowwhentheywillstartthe________(项目)?

6.Idon’tliketoeatorangesbecausetheyaretoos.7.Therearen’tmanycintherestaurantbecauseofthebadweather.8.Therewasonlyoneapple,somumditintotwohalvesandgivethemtous.9.ManyOlympicchampionsareregardedashinourcountry.10.It’shardtobecomeapbasketballplayer.Youhavetoworkhard.巩固提高二、根据汉语完成句子。1.茶是偶然被发现的。Teawasdiscovered___________..2.根据这篇报道,我们可以了解很多学生没有充足的睡眠。Wecanknowmanystudentsdon’thaveenoughsleepthereport.3.昨天一个小孩掉进井里被困了两个小时。Achildthewellandtherefortwohours.4.据说那位老人是一名著名的科学家。theoldmanisafamousscientist.5.那辆小汽车突然撞上了一棵大树,幸运的是,司机受伤并不严重。Thecarhitabigtree.Luckily,thedriverwasn’thurtbadly.三.选择方框内合适的词填空。crispy,basket,popularity,salty,enjoyed1.Theofcomputerhasrisenaroundtheworldatthemoment.2.Mygrandmotherusedtotakeatogoshopping,butnowsheusesplasticbags.3.—Whydoyoulikecookies?—Becausetheyare.Ping-pongisbymostChinese,especiallychildrenandstudents.Thedishtastesterriblebecauseit’stoo.一．单项选择。(

)1.Stampsare__________letters.usedtosending

B.usedtoas

C.usedforsending

D.beenusedtosending(

)2.Itookthewrongtrain____________.Ididn’tevenknowituntilhalfanhourlater.bymistakes

B.bymistake

C.inmistake

D.withmistake(

)3.Edison______thelightbulbandColumbus___________America.discovered,discovered

B.invented,discovered

C.invented,invented

D.discovered,invented(

)4.______iswaitingforyouatthegate.Hewantstosaythankstoyou.Somebody

B.Anybody

C.Everybody

D.Nobody(

)5.TheOlympicgamesof2016will_________inBrazil.betakenplace

B.takeoff

C.takeplace

D.betakenoff(

)9.Sokindofyoutogivemearidetothestation!

__________________.Itdoesn’tmatter

B.Nevermind

C.Don’tmentionit

D.Mypleasure(

)10.Idon’tlikethiskindofpotatochipsbecausetheyarenot_________.crispy

B.sweet

C.soft

D.sour(

)11.Thewaterintheriverhas_________alotbecauseoftheheavyrain.A.risen

B.raised

C.put

D.gone(

)12.Atrafficaccidenthappenedatthestreetcorner.Acar____________amotorbike.A.cameupwith

B.fellinto

C.wentalongwith

D.knockedinto(

)13.__________,youcanworkouttheproblemeasily.

Iunderstand.Thankyou.Ontheway

B.Inthisway

C.Bytheway

D.Inaway二.完形填空。先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。Theinventionofthecameragoesfarintothepast.Inthe1500s,menwereexperimentingwithcamerasthatmadeimages(图像).Butitwasnot1theearly1800sthatmanfoundawaytomakethepicturespermanent（永久的).Eventhen,photographywasanewfield.Mostfamilieshadtheirpictures2byphotographers.Peopledidnotowncamerasbecausetakingpicturesanddevelopingthefilms(冲洗胶卷)weretoodifficult.In1884,GeorgeEastmanchangedphotography3inventingakindoffilmthatcouldfitintoasmallcamera.Becausethenewfilmwas4touse,manypeoplebegantobuycameras.Whentheyhad5theirfilms,peoplereturnedtheircamerastothefactory.There,thefilmsweredeveloped,andpictureswere6.Thenmorefilmswereputintothecameras,whichweresentbacktotheowners,alongwiththeirpictures.Today'scamerasare7easiertouse,andpeopledon'tneedfilmsanymore.Photographyhasbecomeagrowinghobby.Therearealsomanynewjobsinthefieldofphotography.Oneofthemostimportantkindsofworkisinnewsreporting.Newspapers,magazines,andtelevisionsallneed8totelltheirstories.Photographershelp9bytakingpicturesthroughmicroscopesandtelescopes.Deep-seadiverstakepicturesofoceanplantsandanimals,whileastronautstaketheircamerasinto10.Manfindsnewusesforthecameraeveryday.l.A.before B.until C.when D.while62.A.taken B.take C.taking D.took3.A.with B.in C.for D.by4.A.easy B.important C.impossible D.hard5.A.usedfor B.usedby C.usedto D.usedup6.A.printed B.taken C.drawn D.bought7.A.more B.very C.quite D.much8.A.robots B.talks C.pictures D.radios9.A.teachers B.scientistsC.workers D.students10.A.earth B.land C.space D.sea__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一.根据对话内容，从方框内选择合适的句子补全对话。（有两项多余）M:Doyouknowwhothecompass(指南针)wasinventedby?W:Ofcourse.(1)It’soneofthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.Theyhavechangedtheworldgreatly.M:(2)Andwhenwasitfirstinvented?W:(3)ButIknowtherewererecordsoftheSouth-pointingFish(指南鱼)intheSongDynasty.M:Exactly.Peopleinthe10thcenturybegantousetheSouth-pointingFish.W:(4)M:Itwassimple.Whenthefishwasputintothewater,itsheadwouldpointtothesouth.W:Itwasn’tthefirstrecordedcompass,wasit?M:(5)IntheWarringStatesPeriod(战国时期),Sinan(司南)waswidelyusedbypeople.W:Sothehistoryofthecompassgoesbacktoover2,000yearsago?M:That’strue.A.No,ofcoursenot.B.HowwasSinaninventedthen?C.Howdiditwork?D.TheSouth-pointingFishwasinventedbyaccident,right?E.Iamnotsure.F.ItwasinventedbytheChinese.G.You’vegotapoint.二．阅读理解。AThomasEdisonlituptheworldwithhisinventionoftheelectriclight.Withouthim,theworldmightstillbeinthedark.However,theelectriclightwasnothisonlyinvention.Healsoinventedthemotionpicturecameraand1200otherthings.Abouteverytwoweekshecreatedsomethingnew.

ThomasEdisonwasbornin1847.Heattendedschoolforonlythreemonths.Hismothertaughthimathome,butThomaswasmostlyself-educated.Hestartedexperimentingatayoungage.

Whenhewas12yearsold,hegothisfirstjob.Hebecameanewsboyonatrain.Hedidexperimentsonthetraininhissparetime.Unluckily,hisfirstworkexperiencedidnotendwell.Theyfiredhimwhenheaccidentallysetfiretothefloorofthetrain.ThenEdisonworkedforfiveyearsasatelegraphoperator,buthecontinuedtospendmuchofhistimeinexperimentinghisfirstpatent(专利权)in1868foravoterecorderrunbyelectricity.

ThomasEdisonwastotallydeafinoneearandhardofhearingintheother,buthethoughtofhisdeafnessasablessinginmanyways.Itkeptconversationsshort,sothathecouldhavemoretimeforwork.Healwaysworked16outofevery24hours.

Sometimeshiswifehadtoremindhimtosleepandeat.

ThomasEdisondiedattheageof84.Heleftagreatmanyinventionsthatgreatlyimprovedthequalityoflifeallovertheworld.(

)1.HowoftendidEdisonmakeanewinvention?A.Abouteveryfourteendays

B.Abouteverysevendays

C.Aboutonceaweek

D.Abouttwiceaweek(

)2.Theunderlinedword“fired”inthepassagemeans“__________”Gavesomebodyajob

B.Setfiretosomebody

C.Letsomebodydown

D.Forcedsomebodytoleavehisjob(

)3.Edisonconsideredhisdeafnessas______A.somethingbad

B.agiftfromgod

C.akindofability

D.adisadvantage(

)4.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Edisonhadonly8hoursresteachdayafterhisdeafnessB.Edisongothiseducationmostlybyself-teachingC.Edisonhadhisfirstjobin1869D.Edison’sinventionsgreatlyimprovedthequalityofpeople’slife(

)5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?Thefunctionoftheelectriclight

B.EdisonandhisexperimentsC.Theimportanceofinventions

D.ThewholelifeofEdison.BTheInternetjoinsmillionsofcomputersallovertheworld,andtodayitisusedbypeopleallovertheworld.Itwasinventedinthe1960sintheUSA.TheAmericangovernmentneededanetworkofcomputersforitsarmy.Theninthe1970sscientistsandbusinesspeoplealsowantedtousetheInternettosendandreceivemessages.Forsomeyears,theyweren'tallowedtousetheUSnetwork,andwhentheywereallowedto,themessageswereinverysimpletextwithoutphotos.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedbyaBritishscientistnamedTimBerners-Leein1989.Hewantedtosenddocumentstootherscientists,sohedevelopedtheWorldWideWeb.Thisallowedhimtosendandreceivescientificdocumentswithtext,drawingsandphotos(alsocalledmultimediadocuments).Inthe1990s,moreandmorepeoplebegantousetheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb.Sowhat'sthedifferencebetweentheInternetandtheWorldWideWeb?TheInternetisthehardware.Itallowsustocommunicatewithotherpeople.TheWorldWideWebisthesoftware.Itallowsustocreate,seeandreadmultimediadocuments.TheWebismadeupofmillionsofdocumentscalledWebpages.Thesepagesareheldincomputersallovertheworld.ManypeoplehaveafavoritewebsitewithanumberofWebpagesonthesamesubject.Theemailisawayofusingyourcomputertosendandreceivemessages.It'scheaperandquickertouseemailsthansendnormalmails.Newuserscallthenormalmail"snailmail"becauseit'stooslow.Ittook50yearsfor100millionpeopletolistentotheradio.Ittook15yearsforl00millionpeopletowatchtelevision.Bytheyear2000,ithadtakenonlyaboutthreeyearsfor100millionpeopletousetheInternet.WhatwillhappennextontheInternet?l.TheInternetwasfirstinventedfor_________.A.scientificwork B.AmericanarmyC.businesspeople D.Americangovernment2.TheWorldWideWebwasinventedto_________.A.communicatewithothersB.create,seeandreaddocumentsC.sendandreceivescientificdocumentsD.sendandreceivesimpletextwithoutphotos3.TheInternetandtheWorldWideWebbegantobewidelyused_________.A.inthe1970s B.inthe1990sC.inthelateof1980s D.bytheyear20004.Thewriterwrotethelastparagraphtoshowthat_________.A.theInternethasagreaterinfluencethanradioandTVB.radioandTVwillbereplacedbycomputersC.theuseoftheInternetspreadsveryquicklyD.peoplespendmuchmoretimeontheInternet5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe"_________".A.TheEffectoftheGreatestInventionB.TheDevelopmentoftheInternetC.TheMovementofNewTechnologyD.TheHistoryoftheWorldWideWeb(2014年人教版初三期中测试题）CThedesigneroftheAppleComputer,StevenJobs,wasnotquitesuccessfulinhisearlyyears.Hewasnotamongthebeststudentsatschool,