2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第三册Unit4AdversityandCourage提能训练

Unit4AdversityandCourageⅠ.阅读理解A(2024·石家庄市质检)InGrytvikenonSouthGeorgiaIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanliestheSouthGeorgiaMuseum,oneofthemostremotemuseumsintheworld.SouthGeorgiaMuseumislocatedintheisland'soldwhalingstation.Whaling,orthehuntingofwhalesfortheirusablenaturalproducts,suchasmeatandoil,ceasedtherein1964.Thebuildingthatnowhousesthemuseumonceservedasthewhalingmanager'shomeandofficeandwentunusedforover20yearsbeforeitopenedtothepublicasamuseumin1992.TherearenopassengerflightstoorfromGrytviken,sothemajorityofvisitorsarriveonaship.Theislanditselfonlyseesabout10,000visitorsayearandtherearenopermanentresidents,onlyagroupof20scientists,maintenancestaff,andmuseumworkerswhobravetheisland'scoldweatherconditions.Travelingtothemuseumrequiresadvanceplanning.SouthGeorgiaMuseumstaffalltraveltotheislandfromabroadforthesouthernhemisphere(半球)spring,ormid-October,andmostcomefromtheUnitedKingdom,around8,000milesnorth.Themuseum,whichoffersfreeadmission,“aimstomakethishistoryandheritageaccessiblebothtothevisitingpublicandtothoseunabletovisitthisremoteregionthrougheducation,exhibitionsandoutreach”，accordingtoitswebsite.Ithousesanaturalhistorycollection,artifacts,exhibitionsrelatedtotheearlyhistoryofsealingandwhalingaswellasAntarcticexplorer,SirErnestShackleton,andmore.Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsOctoberthroughDecember,butstill,daytimehighsdon'toftenreachabove40degreesFahrenheit.Forthosewhoworkthere,Internetaccessispatchyandfreshfoodoptionsarerare.It'snotaplaceforeveryone,butforthestaffthatcallsithomeforpartsoftheyear;it'sauniqueformofparadise.“Steppingawayfromtheworldhasbeenatreat，”saidPierce,oneofthestaff.语篇导读：文章主要介绍了位于南大西洋的古利德维肯岛上的南乔治亚博物馆。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheSouthGeorgiaMuseum?DA．Itisaccessibletovisitorsbyair.B．Ithas20maintenanceworkers.C．Itopenedtothepublicin1964.D．Itusedtobeawhalingstation.解析：微小环节理解题。依据其次段最终一句话可知，现在博物馆所在的建筑曾经是捕鲸经理的家和办公室，在1992年作为博物馆向公众开放之前，它已经闲置了20多年。由此可知，南乔治亚博物馆曾经是一个捕鲸站。故选D。2．Whoaretheroomsofthemuseumnamedafter？CA．Managersofthewhalingstation.B．AdventurersexploringtheAntarctic.C．Thosewhomadecontributionstotheisland.D．Individualswhoconservedwhalesfromextinction.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第四段最终一句话“Themuseumroomsarenamedafterindividualswhocontributedtothegrowthorconservationoftheislandinsomeway.”可知，该博物馆的房间是以对该岛的发展或疼惜作出贡献的个人的姓名命名的。故选C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“patchy”meaninthelastparagraph？AA．Poor. B．Easy.C．Free. D．Quick.解析：词义揣测题。依据画线词后面的“freshfoodoptionsarerare”可知，此处描述的是在那里工作的条件很艰苦，由此可推知，patchy应当表示“时好时坏的，不稳定的”，和A项意思相近。故选A。4．Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanweprobablyfindthistext？CA．Animals. B．People.C．Travel. D．News.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段及最终一段的“ThetemperatureisidealforvisitorsOctoberthroughDecember”可知，本篇文章主要介绍位于南大西洋的古利德维肯的南乔治亚博物馆，所以可能是选自于旅游一栏。故选C。B(2024·昆明市质检)AnArizonaaquariumiscelebratingthehatchingofthreeendangeredAfricanpenguinchicks,sayingthetinyadditionsaregenetically(从基因方面)valuableaszoosandaquariumsaroundtheworldworktoinsurethespecies'survivalthroughbreeding(培育)programsandconservationefforts.OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday,postingvideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia.Theyhatchedafewweeksagoandwillremainbehindthesceneswiththeirparentsuntilthey'rereadyforapublicappearance.AfricanpenguinshavesufferedamassivepopulationdeclineoverthedecadesandarelistedasendangeredanimalsbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.Soanysuccessfulhatchingiscauseforcelebration,saidJessPeranteau,directorofanimalcareandeducationattheaquarium.“AsthepopulationoftheAfricanpenguincontinuestorapidlydecline—down23%inthepasttwoyearsalone—OdySeaAquariumremainscommittedtothesurvivalofthespeciesinpartnershipwithotherAssociationofZoosandAquariums，”Peranteausaidinastatement.Thebreedingprogramestablishedbytheassociationaimstobuildupagenebankforthespecies.OfficialssaytwoofthethreenewchicksinScottsdalewereborntoparentsMojoandLemieux—apowercoupleofsortsthatwasselectedforpairingaspartofthebreedingprogram.Thethirdchickwasborntofirst-timeparentsBubblesandWeasley.Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct“chickchecks”，briefexamstomonitortheirgrowthanddevelopmentandinsuretheyarehittingallnecessarymilestones.Thethreechickshaveyettobenamed,andtheirsexhasn'tyetbeendetermined.Fornowthey'reknownbytheirnumbers,42,43and44.Inall,OdySeaAquariumnowhas40Africanpenguinsandhasrecorded13successfulhatchings.语篇导读：本文通过介绍欧迪西亚水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园及水族馆致力于该物种生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成果绽开介绍。5．HowdidOdySeaAquariumcelebratethebirthofthechicks？BA．Byadvertisingitsbreedingprogram.B．Byuploadingavideoofthemonline.C．Byholdingacontesttonamethem.D．Byofferingafreevisittothezoo.解析：微小环节理解题。依据其次段中的“OfficialsatOdySeaAquariummadetheannouncementonFriday,postingvideoofthecutebirdsonsocialmedia.”可知，欧迪西亚水族馆的官方人员将这些可爱的企鹅幼崽的视频发布在网上，以此庆祝三只企鹅幼崽的诞生。故选B。6．WhatisspecialaboutOdySeaAquarium？DA．Itworksonitsowntoprotectpenguins.B．Itaimstocreatenewhabitatsforpenguins.C．Ithashatched40Africanpenguinssofar.D．Itfocusesonthesurvivalofthepenguins.解析：微小环节理解题。依据第四段中的“OdySeaAquariumremainscommittedtothesurvivalofthespeciesinpartnershipwithotherAssociationofZoosandAquariums”可知，欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园和水族馆协会合作致力于企鹅的生存问题，即该水族馆关注企鹅的生存。故选D。7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreepenguinchicks？DA．Theywereborntothesameparents.B．Theywereraisedbyapowercouple.C．Theirgenderhasbeenidentified.D．Theirgrowthismonitoredclosely.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Aquariumworkerswillregularlyconduct‘chickchecks’，briefexamstomonitortheirgrowthanddevelopmentandinsuretheyarehittingallnecessarymilestones.”可知，水族馆工作人员将定期进行“幼崽检查”，以监测它们的成长和发育。由此可推断，这三只幼崽将在密切监测下成长。故选D。8．Whichisthetextmainlyabout？AA．EndangeredpenguinchickshatchatOdySeaAquarium.B．Penguinchicksmaketheirfirstappearanceinpublic.C．Africanpenguinssufferasharpdeclineinpopulations.D．Newly-bornpenguinsaretakengoodcareofinzoos.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍欧迪西亚水族馆庆祝成功孵化三只濒危的非洲企鹅引出话题，围绕欧迪西亚水族馆与其他动物园及水族馆致力于该物种生存所作出的一系列努力以及所取得的成果绽开介绍。由此可知，本文的主题是濒危非洲企鹅幼崽在欧迪西亚水族馆孵化。故选A。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·河北省沧州市普高质监)MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.Histravelsinthefrozencontinentbroughthimworldwide1.A.InDecemberofthatyear,Mawsonandtwoother2.BleftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay,3.Ca300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples.4.Dfollowed.Oneofthemen,ayoungBritishsoldiernamedBelgraveNinnis,5.Bdownanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers,6.Cwithscurvy(坏血病)andother7.D,struggledtoreturntocamp,keepinglivingfirstonthe8.Adogs,thenonstarvationfood.9.A,XavierMertz,aSwissmountaineerandskiingchampion,diedfromexhaustion,starvationandpossiblepoisonousnessfromeatingdogs'livers.10.Ctoreturnwiththeresearchdata,Mawson11.Btheelementsfor30days.Finallyhereturnedtothe12.CinFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted—onlyto13.Bhehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14.Dbyhours.Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.Inadditiontohisother15.A,Mawsoneditedandcontributedtothe22-volumeReportsofAustralasianAntarcticExpeditions.语篇导读：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了Mawson带领队伍进行南极大陆中部探险时遇难，Mawson挣扎着生存下来，并将探讨数据成功带回的故事。1．A.praise B．trustC．worry D．criticism解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在这片冰冻的大陆上的旅行为他赢得了全世界的赞誉。A.praise赞扬；B.trust信任；C.worry担忧；D.criticism指责。依据下文“Mawsonwasregardedasasurvivorhero.Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”推知，Mawson的探究受到了全世界的赞誉。故选A。2．A.celebrities B．explorersC．athletes D．astronomers解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当年12月，Mawson和另外两名探险者离开了联邦湾的主要基地，起先了对南极大陆中部300英里的探究，以收集科学数据和样本。A.celebrities名人；B.explorers探险者；C.athletes运动员；D.astronomers天文学家。依据上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，他们是去探究南极大陆，因此是和另外两名探险者一起。故选B。3．A.puttingoff B．showingoffC．kickingoff D．lettingoff解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当年12月，Mawson和另外两名探险者离开了联邦湾的主要基地，起先了对南极大陆中部300英里的探究，以收集科学数据和样本。A.puttingoff推迟；B.showingoff炫耀；C.kickingoff起先；D.lettingoff释放。依据“a300-mileexplorationintothecentralpartofthecontinenttogatherscientificdataandsamples”可知，此处是指起先了对南极大陆中部的探究。故选C。4．A.Wonders B．BonusesC．Fortunes D．Disasters解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：灾难随之而来。A.Wonders奇迹；B.Bonuses奖金，红利；C.Fortunes财宝；D.Disasters灾难。依据下文“5downanopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead.Forseveralweeks,thetwoothers,6withscurvy(坏血病)”可知，起先探究之行后不久灾难就随之而来。故选D。5．A.took B．fellC．looked D．wandered解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一名名叫贝尔格雷夫·尼尼斯的年轻英国男士兵从雪橇上的一条裂缝中摔了下来，连同他们最好的几只狗和团队的许多补给，死了。A.took带；B.fell落下；C.looked看，看起来；D.wandered游荡，闲逛。依据“anopencrackonasledge,alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead”推知，这个年轻士兵从雪橇的缝隙中摔下去了。故选B。6．A.adjusted B．circulatedC．infected D．confused解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.adjusted校对，适应；B.circulated循环；C.infected感染；D.confused使……困惑。依据“scurvy”可知，此处是指感染坏血病。故选C。7．A.cures B．disabilitiesC．errors D．illnesses解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.cures治愈的方法；B.disabilities残疾；C.errors错误；D.illnesses疾病。此处和上文“scurvy”并列，指感染坏血病和其他疾病。故选D。8．A.remaining B．wildC．fierce D．hunting解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回到营地，先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠扛饥饿的食物生活。A.remaining剩下的；B.wild野生的；C.fierce猛烈的；D.hunting打猎。依据上文“alongwithseveraloftheirbestdogsandmanyoftheteam'ssupplies,dead”可知，此处是指在食物匮乏的状况下，靠吃剩下的雪橇犬生活。故选A。9．A.Ultimately B．NeverthelessC．Temporarily D．Meanwhile解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，瑞士登山运动员和滑雪冠军泽维尔·默茨死于乏累、饥饿和可能因吃狗肝脏而中毒。A.Ultimately最终；B.Nevertheless然而；C.Temporarily短暂；D.Meanwhile同时。依据上文的“first”“then”可知，此处是指最终来自瑞士的泽维尔·默茨死于乏累、饥饿和中毒。故选A。10．A.Discouraged B．RelievedC．Determined D．Frightened解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mawson决心带着探讨数据回来，与大自然抗争了30天。A.Discouraged沮丧的；B.Relieved放松的；C.Determined坚决的，确定；D.Frightened害怕 的。依据下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin,frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson决心带着探讨数据回去。故选C。11．Abined B．battledC．contained D．introduced解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mawson决心带着探讨数据回来，与大自然抗争了30天。Abined结合；B.battled斗争，搏斗；C.contained包含；D.introduced介绍。依据下文“Finallyhereturnedtothe12inFebruaryof1913,extremelythin.frost-bittenandexhausted”推知，Mawson与大自然抗争了30天，变得瘦弱乏累不堪。故选B。12．A.center B．normalC．base D．campus解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体特殊瘦弱，被冻伤，乏累不堪，却发觉他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.center中心；B.normal正常，常态；C.base基地；D.campus校内。依据上文“Mawsonandtwoother2leftthemainbaseatCommonwealthBay”可知，此处指Mawson带着探讨数据回到了基地。故选C。13．A.predict B．discoverC．complain D．explain解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体特殊瘦弱，被冻伤，乏累不堪，却发觉他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.predict预料；B.discover发觉；Cplain埋怨；D.explain说明。依据“hehadmissedtheshiprescuingtherestofthe14byhours”可知，Mawson回到基地后发觉他错过了营救船，不然也不会遭遇那么多苦难。故选B。14．A.passengers B．witnessesC．rescuers D．crew解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，他在1913年2月回到基地，身体特殊瘦弱，被冻伤，乏累不堪，却发觉他错过了营救其他成员的船好几个小时。A.passengers乘客；B.witnesses目击者；C.rescuers营救人员；D.crew全体船员，全体成员。依据上文“MawsonwasanAustralianexplorerandscientistwhoexploredtheAntarcticwithateamoffellowadventurersin1912.”可知，此处是指探险队的其他成员。故选D。15．A.achievements B．referencesC．services D．subjects解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了其他成就外，Mawson还编辑并贡献了22卷本的《澳大拉西亚南极考察报告》。A.achievements成就；B.references参考书；C.services服务；D.subjects科目，对象。依据上文“Forhisachievementsasanexplorerandscientist,hewasknighted(封爵)in1914.”可知，此处指除了提到的这些成就外，Mawson还编辑了书籍。故选A。Ⅲ.七选五(2024·潍坊市摸底)ToputintowordsmytimeinAntarcticaandSouthGeorgiaisnearlyimpossible.Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonce-in-a-lifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.1.DAbout50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(远征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.ThatallyoursenseswillbestimulatedisthebestwayIcandescribethetimeonthewhitecontinent.Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart-touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.2.AAntarcticamakesyoufeelsosmallandinsignificant,inthebestway.3.GYougetfrontrowseatstowitnessthemostincredibleshow:nature.Itisasmuchbeautifulascruel.Forexample,whenyouseeabrownskua(贼鸥)attackingapenguinchick,yourheartaches.ThenyourexpeditionguideregretfullytellsyouthatachickthatissmallinMarchwouldhaveveryslimchancesofsurvivingtheupcomingwinter.Thecyclecontinues,andyou'releftwonderingwhotorootfor.ThingsmovefastinAntarctica,andeverymonthofferssomethingreallyuniqueandspecialtosee.InMarch,theweatherisabitmoreunpredictable,andtheseaiceisbeginningtoformagain.4.CIntwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather-changingprocess.5.FTheexpeditionteammadesurewekeptourdistanceanddidnotscarethemintohidingunderfreezingwater.Theseanimals,arguablythecutestyouwilleversee,survivesuchunfavorableenvironments.It'sabsolutelyincredibletowitnessthechallenges,theskill,theefforts,allofit.Iamforevergratefultohavebeenavisitor.A．Thelistgoeson.B．Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.C．Ourvoyagewasthelastoftheseason.D．Iwasnottheonlyonewhofeltthisway.E．I,yearslater,didreturntothisfascinatingplace.F．Theyarereallyweakduringthistime,andcannotdive.G．Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.语篇导读：本文记叙了作者南极洲旅行的阅历和感受。解析：1．依据上文中的“IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn”可知，作者认为自己须要再次来到这个地方，空后讲到了“About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(远征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore”，空处承上启下，应当会讲到不是只有作者有这样的感觉，其他人也有类似的感受，D项符合语境。故选D。2．依据本段的“allyoursenseswillbestimulated”可知，本段主要在讲作者的感官感受。空前举了几个例子，A项“这样的例子还有许多”符合语境。故选A。3．依据本段中的“Itisasmuchbeautiful...Thecyclecontinues,andyou'releftwonderingwhotorootfor”可推知，生命周期绵延不息，G项“一切皆有意义，生命周期自不待言”符合语境。故选G。4．依据空前和空后内容可知，此处内容应与去南极洲旅行的时间有关，C项“我们的航行是该季节的最终一次”符合语境。故选C。5．空前讲企鹅正处于换毛季，空后说探险队保证我们不把它们吓到藏在极冷的水下，F项“它们在这段时间真的虚弱且不能下潜”符合语境。且F项中的They指的就是企鹅，thistime指的正是“theiryearlyfeather-changingprocess”。故选F。Ⅳ.读后续写(2024·湖南省五市联考)阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。JoeandIhadbeenlookingforwardtoourretirement.However,whenhesufferedaheartattacklastspring,hewasforcedtoleavehisjobasatruckdriverearlierthanwehadplanned.Asthemedicalbillsincreased,werealizedIwouldhavetocontinueworkingfull-timewhileJoestayedhomeandtookoverthehousework.Thisnewarrangementwasadisaster.Onenight,whenIdraggedmyselftobed,IwashorrifiedtodiscoverJoehadturnedourwhitesheetsblue.Hetoldmehehadfoundouthowtosaveonwater,soapandelectricity.Hepattedhisbluetrousersandannouncedproudlywashingeverythingtogetherwasthesecret.WhenIawoketothedeafeningrainthenextmorning,allIwantedwasahothome-cookedmeal.However,whatgreetedmeatthetablewasamicrowavepackage.Iknewmyhusbandhadhisfaults,butIthoughtheatleastknewhowtocook!IknewifIdidn'tleavethehousesoonIwouldlosemytemperwithhim.Astheheavyrainthundereddownoutside,Joeofferedtodrivemetowork.IignoredhimasIstruggledintomyjacketandseizedmybagwithmyteachingplansinside.Heinsistedthathewouldtakemeandreachedforhisboots.Ilookedatthepilesofnewspapersandthedirtydishesstillonthetable.“Don'tyouhaveenoughtodo？Icantakecareofmyself，”Istormedou