新教材2024版高中英语Unit3Careersandskills语法精讲3名词性从句学生用书牛津译林版选择性必修第四册

语法精讲③名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句应用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连词可以分为三类。(1)连接代词：who,whoever,whose,whom,what,whatever,which,whichever等。有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。(2)连接副词：when,where,why,how等。有词义，在从句中担当成分，作状语。(3)连接词(组)：that,whether,if,asif/though。that无词义，在从句中不担当成分，引导第一个宾语从句时that可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略；whether/if(是否)表明从句内容的不确定性；whether可引导主、宾、表、同位语从句，而if只能引导及物动词后面的宾语从句。asif/though(似乎，似乎)在从句中不担当成分，但不行省略。1．主语从句(1)主语从句在复合句中作主语。❶Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他想要跟我们说什么还不清晰。❷Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场竞赛还有待分晓。❸Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们都惊异不已。❹Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.我们明天是否会去郊游照旧未知。❺“Whomwemuststudyfor”isaquestionofgreatimportance.“我们必需为谁而学习”是个很重要的问题。❻Whateveryoudoisright.你做的任何事都是正确的。❼Whatweneedistime.我们须要的是时间。(2)有时为避开句子头重脚轻，用it作形式主语，把主语从句放在句末。常用句型如下：①Itbe＋名词(短语)(apity/ashame/asurprise等)＋that从句。❽It'sagreatpitythattheydidn'tgetmarried.他们没能结婚，真是令人惋惜。②Itbe＋形容词(wonderful/splendid/right/likely/possible/certain等)＋that从句。❾It'ssplendidthatyoupassedyourexam.你通过了考试，真棒。③Itbe＋过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)＋that从句。⑩It'ssaidthathehasbeentheremanytimes.据说他去过那儿许多次了。④It＋不及物动词(seem/appear/happen等)＋that从句。⑪Itappearsthattheyhavemadethesamemistakes.他们似乎犯了同样的错误。(3)主语从句的虚拟语气。在以下主语从句中，常运用虚拟语气，即从句谓语为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可省略。①Itis＋requested/required/proposed/suggested/ordered/desired＋that...②Itis＋necessary/important/natural/desirable/advisable/strange＋that...⑫Itissuggestedthatthelabbuilding(should)bebuiltnextyear.有人建议明年修建试验楼。⑬Itisnecessarythatcollegestudents(should)masteratleastoneforeignlanguage.高校生应当至少驾驭一门外语，这是有必要的。2．宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或复合谓语之后的从句叫宾语从句。(1)由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但假如从句是并列句，其次个分句(以及以后的分句)前的that不行省略。❶Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodateverythingwhileothersaregoodatnothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都擅长，别人什么都不擅长。(2)可用it作形式宾语。①动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，须要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。❷Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天喝大量热水是有必要的。②有些动词或动词短语，如like,hate,appreciate,dependon,relyon,take...forgranted,seeto等，一般不干脆跟从句，须要借助it。❸Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我厌烦他们满嘴食物时说话。❹Youmaydependonitthatshewillgowithyou.你可以信任她会与你一起去。(3)宾语从句中的虚拟语气：在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command,recommend等表示要求、嘱咐、建议、确定等意义的动词后，宾语从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。❺Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我坚持要她独自工作。❻Thedoctorrecommendedthatyoushouldn'tswimaftereatingalargemeal.医生建议你不要在吃完大餐后游泳。3．表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。系动词可为be,look,seem,sound,appear等。❶Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事实是我们已经输了这场竞赛。❷Britainisnotwhatitusedtobe.英国已不是过去的英国了。❸Thisiswhereourproblemlies.这就是我们的问题所在。❹Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.问题是谁能够去那里。(1)当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。❺Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.他迟到的缘由是今日早上他差一分钟没赶上火车。(why引导定语从句，修饰reason)(2)句式Thatiswhy...意为“那就是……的缘由”，why引导表语从句，后加结果或后果。Thatisbecause...意为“那是因为……”，because后加缘由或理由。❻Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前看过那部电影，因此他昨晚没有去看。(why引导表语从句，表结果)❼Hedidn'tseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨晚他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做家庭作业。(because引导表语从句，表缘由)(3)在表示“嘱咐”“建议”“要求”等名词(order,demand,suggestion,proposal,advice,request等)的表语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。❽Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)doourworkmorecarefully.他的建议是我们应当更细致地做我们的工作。4．同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,advice,demand,doubt,hope,information,message,order,problem,question,request,truth,wish等)之后，对该名词的详细内容进行说明、说明。同位语从句通常由that引导。❶Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令他办公室里全部的人担忧。(1)同位语从句的推断方法可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，假如句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。试比较下面三个例句：❷Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.我们赢得这场竞赛的消息令人激烈。(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)❸Thenewsisthatwewonthegame.消息传来，我们赢得了竞赛。(that引导表语从句，不能省略)❹Thenewsthathereadjustnowwasexciting.他刚才看到的消息令人兴奋。(that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可以省略)(2)同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示“嘱咐”“建议”“要求”等的名词(order,demand,suggestion,proposal,advice,request等)的同位语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。为了保持句子平衡，从句与先行词往往被介词短语、副词或谓语等分开。❺Therequestcamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingshouldbepostponed.会议将会推迟的要求大约在下午两点传来。Ⅰ.用适当的词填空1．Itissaid________heisfocusingonabookonspaceexploration.But________itwillcomeoutisupintheair.2．Thequestion________Englishwillkeeponchanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.3．________struckmemostwasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.4．________hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.5．—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromFudanUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea________hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.6．Ihavenoidea________hewenthomeyesterday,perhapsbybike.7．________entersthecomputerroomshouldtakeoffhisshoesinordertokeepitcleanenough.8．________I'mconcernedaboutmostis________wecancollectahugeamountofmoneyinsuchashorttime.9．Luckily,hewastheonlyonethatfinallygotthejob,becausethemanagerdecidedtogivethejobto________hebelievedwashelpful.10．However,Ifinditdisappointing________ourpersonalmomentswithmusicareincreasinglybeingturnedintoinformationandofferedtoadvertisers.11．Susanmade________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.12．Doyouhaveanyidea________isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?13．Itisnecessarythathe________(improve)hisEnglishpronunciation.14．Luckis________happenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.15．—Achild'sbehaviourismosteasilyinfluencedbyhisparents.—True.That's________weshouldsetagoodexampletoourkids.16．—DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?—No,that's________theyaremistaken.17．Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas________hescoredthewinninggoal.18．Inthepast10yearsithaspuzzleddoctors________thenewdrughasgreatsignificanceforthetreatmentofthedisease.19．—Ihaveaheadache.—Itis________youhaveslepttoolessthesedays.20．Thequestionis________willtravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Ⅱ.用名词性从句完成句子1．看来我已经成为了我父母希望我成为的人。ItseemedthatIhadbecome________________________________________．2．没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe_________________