【英语】山东省日照市2023-2024学年中考二模试题(解析版)

山东省日照市2023-2024学年中考二模英语试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题共45分）一、完形填空（共15小题、每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Itwastimetostartmyafternoonrunontheschoolbus.Idroveuptotheschool,parkedandopenedthedoors.UsuallyIenjoyed___1___thekidsastheyclimbedaboard.TodayIkeptmy___2___fixedstraightahead.I’djustcomefroma(n)___3___familycounselingsession(家庭咨询会)withmyoldestson,Shayn.Hestarteddrinkingalcohol(酒精)at17.Ifelt___4___.Howdidweevergethere?Ithought.Shaynwasintelligentandhadbeena___5___toraise.Thetwoofuswereclose.Thekidswalkedpastmeontothebus.Oneortwosaidhi.Alittlegirl___6___asmallpieceofpaperonmyleggently.“Thisisforyou!”shesaid.Iabsent-mindedly___7___thefoldedpaperandlookedupjustintimetoseewisps(缕，束)oflongblondehair___8___downtheaisle(过道).I’dhopedfamilycounselingwouldhelpShayngiveupdrinking.___9___,attoday’ssession,Shaynwasangry.Hesaidkidshisageddrank____10____andthathisdrinkingwasundercontrol.Whathopedidwehave____11____Shayncouldn’tseethatheneededhelp?Imovedtothrowthenoteintherubbishcannearthedriver’sseat,then____12____.Whatifthelittlegirlseesyouthrowherpresentaway?Ithought.SoI____13____it.Insidewasafour-leafclover(四叶草),alongwithamessagewritteninachild’shand:“Thisisfilledwith____14____.”AsIreadthenote,mywholebody____15____.Mythinkingchanged.Icouldn’tcontrolShayn’sdrinking.Therewasstillhope,evenwhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.Isearchedmyrearviewmirror(后视镜)forthechildwho’dgivenmethenote,butnotasingleonehadlongblondehair.1.A.pulling B.teaching C.greeting D.separating2.A.eyes B.thought C.bus D.plan3.A.cheap B.expensive C.easy D.difficult4.A.meaningless B.hopeless C.Useless D.homeless5.A.trouble B.pleasure C.failure D.success6.A.laid B.covered C.passed D.returned7.A.threwaway B.cutup C.pickedup D.gaveout8.A.grow B.hang C.disappear D.go9.A.For B.And C.Or D.However10.A.seriously B.socially C.undoubtedly D.politely11.A.unless B.though C.so D.if12.A.stopped B.refused C.left D.explained13.A.unlocked B.unpacked C.unfolded D.untied14.A.confidence B.hope C.patience D.courage15.A.shook B.ached C.moved D.relaxed【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了作者因为大儿子喝酒而心烦的时候，一个女孩给作者的一张小纸条使得作者变得积极起来。【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D10.B11.D12.A13.C14.B15.D【1题详解】句意：通常我喜欢在孩子们爬上船时和他们打招呼。pulling拉；teaching教；greeting打招呼；separating分开。根据“thekidsastheyclimbedaboard.”以及后文的“Oneortwosaidhi.”并结合语境，指的是孩子们爬上船的时候打招呼。故选C。【2题详解】句意：今天我眼睛一直盯着前方。eyes眼睛；thought想法；bus公交车；plan计划。根据“Howdidweevergethere?Ithought”以及“Howdidweevergethere?”可知，作者在思考，应说眼睛一直盯着前方。故选A。【3题详解】句意：我刚和我的大儿子肖恩进行了一次艰难的家庭咨询。cheap便宜的；expensive贵的；easy容易的；difficult艰难的。根据“Hestarteddrinkingalcohol(酒精)at17.”可知，是艰难的家庭咨询。故选D。【4题详解】句意：我感到绝望。meaningless无意义的；hopeless绝望的；Useless无用的；homeless无家可归的。根据“Hestarteddrinkingalcohol(酒精)at17.”以及“Howdidweevergethere?Ithought.”可知，作者感到绝望。故选B。【5题详解】句意：肖恩很聪明，抚养他很愉快。trouble麻烦；pleasure愉快；failure失败；success成功。根据“Shaynwasintelligentandhadbeena”可知，应说抚养他的过程曾经是愉快的，故选B。【6题详解】句意：一个小女孩轻轻地把一张小纸条放在我的腿上。laid放；covered覆盖；passed传递；returned归还。根据“asmallpieceofpaperonmyleggently”可知，是放在作者的腿上。故选A。【7题详解】句意：我心不在焉地拿起叠好的纸，抬头一看，正好看到一缕缕金色的长发从过道上走过。threwaway扔掉；cutup切碎；pickedup拿起；gaveout释放。根据前文的“Alittlegirllaidasmallpieceofpaperonmyleggently.”可知，作者拿起了这张叠好的纸。故选C。【8题详解】句意：我心不在焉地拿起叠好的纸，抬头一看，正好看到一缕缕金色的长发从过道上走过。grow种植；hang挂；disappear消失；go走。根据“downtheaisle(过道).”可知，应说女孩给了作者一张纸后消失在过道上。故选C。【9题详解】句意：在今天的会议上，肖恩很生气。For为了；And和；Or或者；However然而。根据“I’dhopedfamilycounselingwouldhelpShayngiveupdrinking.”以及“attoday’ssession,Shaynwasangry.”可知，后文语境发生了变化，应说“然而”肖恩很生气。故选D。【10题详解】句意：他说他这个年纪的孩子在社交场合喝酒，他的酗酒是在控制之下的。seriously认真地；socially交际上；undoubtedly不用怀疑地；politely礼貌地。根据“andthathisdrinkingwasundercontrol.”可知，这里提到了他认为他只是社交场合喝酒。故选B。【11题详解】句意：如果肖恩看不到他需要帮助，我们还有什么希望？unless除非；though虽然；so因此；if如果。根据“Shayncouldn’tseethatheneededhelp”可知，这里是假设，应说“如果”肖恩看不到他需要帮助，故选D。【12题详解】句意：我想把纸条扔进驾驶座附近的垃圾桶里，然后停了下来。stopped停止；refused拒绝；left离开；explained解释。根据“Whatifthelittlegirlseesyouthrowherpresentaway?”可知，作者想扔掉的时候停下来在想。故选A。【13题详解】句意：于是我打开了它。unlocked揭开；unpacked取出；unfolded打开；untied解开。根据前文的“thefoldedpaper”可知，此处是打开了这张叠好的纸。故选C。【14题详解】句意：这里充满了希望。confidence信心；hope希望；patience耐心；courage勇气。根据“Therewasstillhope,evenwhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.”可知，纸条上写的是充满了“希望”。故选B。【15题详解】句意：当我读到纸条时，我的整个身体都放松了。shook颤动；ached疼；moved移动；relaxed放松。根据纸条上的“Thisisfilledwithhope.”以及“Therewasstillhope,evenwhenIdidn’tknowwhattodo.”可知，作者的身体放松了。故选D。二、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASpreadacrosspartsofMaine’s(缅因州)northerncoast,AcadiaistheoldestnationalparkintheeasternUnitedStates.Theparkwelcomesaround2,000,000visitorsayear.Itwasfirstbuiltin1919.Butforthousandsofyearsbeforethepark’screation,thelandwashometoNativeAmericans.Themorethan47,000-acre(亩)parkislocatedmostlyonMountDesertIsland,a108-square-milecoastalislandshapedlikealobster’sclaw(龙虾钳).OtherbitsofAcadialieonsmallerislandsnearby.Wanttogetaroundthepark’sislandsbutforgottheboat?Noproblem!Duringlowtide(潮汐),amile-longrockroadappearsbetweenMountDesertIslandandBarIsland.TouristscanwalktherockyroutetovisittheBarIslandofAcadiabeforethetiderisesagain.Acadiaisoneofthecountry’ssmallestnationalparks,butitpacksinalotofsites!Theparkhasrockybeaches,wetlands,greenforests,andhighmountains.OneofAcadia’smajorhighlightsisthe1,530-foot-highCadillacMountain,thehighestpointontheeasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.AnotherisThunder(雷声)Hole,acaveoffthecoastofMountDesertIsland.Thecrashingwavessoundlikethunder.Theparkisalsohometodifferentkindsofanimals.Withallitscoolfeatures,you’lldefinitelysay“Hooray”forAcadia!16.WhereisAcadiaPark?A.InthenorthernUnitedStates.B.OnandaroundMountDesertIsland.C.BetweenMountDesertIslandandBarIsland.D.OnthehighestpointoftheCadillacMountain.17.WhichoneistrueaboutAcadiaParkaccordingtothepassage?A.Noonelivedtherebefore1919.B.Itis108squaremilesandshapedlikealobster’sclaw.C.Youcannotgettothepark’sislandwithoutboats.D.ThunderHoleisacavewherethewavesmakealoudsound.18.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofAcadiaPark?A.Small. B.Wild. C.Popular. D.Crowded.【语篇解读】本文介绍了美国的阿卡迪亚国家公园的一些信息。【答案】16.B17.D18.C【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“Themorethan47,000-acre(亩)parkislocatedmostlyonMountDesertIsland,a108-square-milecoastalislandshapedlikealobster’sclaw(龙虾钳).”可知，公园环绕沙漠山岛，故选B。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“AnotherisThunder(雷声)Hole,acaveoffthecoastofMountDesertIsland.Thecrashingwavessoundlikethunder.”可知，雷洞是一个洞穴，在那里海浪发出响亮的声音。故选D。【18题详解】推理判断题。根据“Theparkwelcomesaround2,000,000visitorsayear.”；“Acadiaisoneofthecountry’ssmallestnationalparks,butitpacksinalotofsites!”以及“Theparkisalsohometodifferentkindsofanimals”可知，作者认为这个公园是受欢迎的。故选C。BAlargebison(野牛)standsonthetallgreengrasses.Asheeats,asmallbrownbirdlandsuponhisbackandbeginsdiggingthroughthethickfur(皮毛).Thebirdissearchingforsmallinsectsonthebison’scoat.Thisisacowbird,andforthousandsofyearsthecowbirdandthebisonhavebeenpartners.Thebisonprovidesafreemealforthecowbird.Thecowbirdoffersapestkillingserviceinreturn.Therearemanypartnershipsbetweenseaanimals.Thebrightlycoloredclownfish,forexample,hasaninterestingrelationshipwiththepoisonous(有毒的)seaanemone(海葵).Ithasmanylongtentacles(触手).Whenafishbrushesthetentacles,thepoisonkillsthefish.However,theclownfishisabletoswimamongthedeadlytentacleswithoutharm.Whenthreatened(威胁)byabiggerfish,theclownfishrunsintothearmsoftheanemone.Thebiggerfishgetsstung(叮咬)bytheanemone.Aftertheanemoneeatsitsfill,theclownfisheatstheleftovers.Inthisway,theclownfishhelpstokeeptheanemoneclean.Amazingpartnershipcanalsobefoundintheinsectworld.Forexample,antsandaphids(蚜虫)helpeachothertosurvive.Aphidsgatherontheleavesandtakeinsap(汁液)fromtheplants.Atthesametime,theyproduceakindofsugarywateraswastefromtheplant.Antsliketoeatthissweetwaste,calledhoneydew.Inexchangeforthehoneydew,antsprotecttheaphidsagainstitsenemies.Someantsactuallybuildshelters(住所)fortheaphidstohideatnight.Otherstakecareofaphideggstilltheyarereadytocomeout.Thiskindofpartnershipiscalledsymbiosis.Symbiosistakesplaceamongallkindsofanimals.Scientistsdon’tfullyunderstandhowtheseanimalsdiscoveredthebenefitsofworkingtogether.Theycontinuetostudyanimalpartnersinanefforttounlockthesecretofsymbiosis.19.Howdoesthewriterdevelophisideainthispassage?A.Bycomparingfacts. B.Byraisingquestions.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bylistingnumbers.20.Whatcantheclownfishdo?A.Itcankillthebiggerfish.B.Itcanhelpkeeptheanemoneclean.C.Itcankeeptheanemonefrompoison.D.Itcanscareitsenemieswithitsbrightcolor.21.Whatisthemeaningof“symbiosis”?A.寄生 B.捕食 C.竞争 D.共生22.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Thesmallbirdhurtsthebisonbydiggingthroughitsfur.B.Theclownfishrunsintothearmsoftheanemonetokeepsafe.C.Thehoneydewisakindofsweetwastemadebytheants.D.Itisn’tasecretthathowanimalsbenefitfromworkingtogether.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物之间的共生关系。【答案】19.C20.B21.D22.B【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“Therearemanypartnershipsbetweenseaanimals.Thebrightlycoloredclownfish,forexample…”和“Amazingpartnershipcanalsobefoundintheinsectworld.Forexample,antsandaphids(蚜虫)helpeachothertosurvive.”可知，文章是通过举例展开的。故选C。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据“Inthisway,theclownfishhelpstokeeptheanemoneclean.”可知，小丑鱼可以帮助海葵保持清洁。故选B。【21题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Thiskindofpartnershipiscalledsymbiosis.”可知，前文提到了伙伴关系，因此这个词语是“共生”。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据“Whenthreatened(威胁)byabiggerfish,theclownfishrunsintothearmsoftheanemone.”可知，小丑鱼跑进海葵的怀抱以保安全。故选B。CIn2019,ThierryHenry,abusdriver,foundtherewasariseinbiketheftsinhiscity,Reykjavik.Ratherthanacceptthatthebikewasgoneforever,hedecidedtotakemattersintohisownhandsandstartedtotrackdown(追踪)thebikesandretumthemtotheirowners.The44-year-oldhashelpedreturnhundredsofstolenbikesinthepast4years.Hissocialmediaaccount(账号)hasover14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.Hispageextends(拓展)topeoplewhohavelosttools,carsandotherthingsofhighvalue.Ontopofhisactsofkindness,Henryhashelpedthebikethievestoreform(改正)intheprocess.Atfirst,Henrywouldtreatthethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthethievesweredrivenoutofpoverty(贫穷)andotherproblems.Hewentfromfeelingnegatively(否定)towardsthethieves,todevelopingempathy(同理心)fortheirsituations.Itwasverydifficultatfirst.ButHenrydecidedtotrytolevelwiththemandjusttalktothem.Fromthismomentonward,hereachedouttothethieves,offeringhelpandguidance.Afterchanginghismethod,Henryfoundthatthebikethievesbegantooftenhandbackthebikestohim.Amazingly,someformerthievesthatHenryhelpednowhelphiminlookingforthestolenbikes.“It’slikeasnowballthathasgotbiggerandbigger,”saysHenry.“It’snotonlyme.Manytimes,someonefoundabikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.Thensomeoneelsecomments(评论),‘hey,that’smybike’.”ThankstoHenry,everyone’slookingout.23.HowdidHenryreturnthelostbikestotheirowners?A.Byusinghissocialmediaaccount. B.Bygivingthemtothepoliceman.C.Byexpandinghissocialmediapages. D.Bytalkingandofferinghelptotheowners.24.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepoorlivesofthethieves. B.Thereformofthesethieves.C.Henry’swayofdealingwiththethieves. D.ThechangesinHenry’sattitudetothieves.25.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutThierryHenry?A.Henryisa44-year-oldpoliceman. B.Hehasinfluencedalotofpeople.C.Helooksdownonthesethieves. D.Heonlyhelpstofindlostbikes.26.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThierryHenry B.Everyone’slookingoutC.BikesinReykjavik D.Bikesreturned,thievesreformed【语篇解读】本文讲述了ThierryHenry帮助别人追查被盗的自行车并且帮助偷自行车的人在这个过程中进行了改造。【答案】23.A24.D25.B26.D【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“Hissocialmediaaccount(账号)hasover14,500membersandhelpspeopletrackdownmorethanjustlostbikes.”可知，用他的社交媒体账号。故选A。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Atfirst,Henrywouldtreatthethieveswithanger.However,overtime,herealizedthatmostofthethievesweredrivenoutofpoverty(贫穷)andotherproblems.”可知第三段主要讲述了亨利对小偷态度的改变。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据“It’snotonlyme.Manytimes,someonefoundabikehiddeninabushandtakesapicture.”及“ThankstoHenry,everyone’slookingout.”可知，他已经影响了很多人。故选B。【26题详解】最佳标题题。结合全文可知，本文讲述了ThierryHenry帮助别人追查被盗的自行车并且帮助偷自行车的人在这个过程中进行了改造。因此最佳标题是“自行车回来了，小偷改过自新了”。故选D。DSchoolbullyingisincreasinglybecomingaproblem,butthemovebyAofengSchoolinFuzhou,capitalofFujianprovince,toinstall(安装)analarmsysteminsidetoiletstocatchbullyingisgettingalotofattention.Thealarmsystemhasbeeninstalledinsensitive(敏感的)placessuchastoiletsanditusesvoicerecognition(识别)andsensitivewordactivation(激活),sothatifsomeoneisbeingbulliedthesystemcanalert(警示)theschoolstaffbysendingoutspecificsignals.ThesystemusesAIforvoicerecognition,butitseffectiveness(有效性)doesn’tonlydependonthesetechnologies.Moreimportantthanthetechnologyistheschoolstaffwhoneedtorespondquicklytothespecificsignals.Inmostcasesofschoolbullying,educatorshaveoverlookedearlywarningsigns,allowingthesituationtobeoutofcontrol.Andthatcansometimesleadtoaterribleoutcome.ReturningtothesysteminFuzhou,theschoolhassuggestedthatthemoveisstillinitsexperimentalphase(实验阶段)andwillbecarriedoutonceitisfurtherimproved.Ifthesystemproveseffective,thegovernmentmayconsiderintroducingsimilarsystemsinotherschoolstostopbullying.However,itisimportantforthemtorememberthatitishumanaction,notjusttechnologythatcanhelpsolvethisseriousproblem.Technologycancertainlyserveasanecessarytool,butitisthehumanelement(因素)—focusedattention,care,andtimelyprevention—thatfinallyholdsthekeytocreatingasaferenvironmentforallstudents.27.What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingParagraph1?A.Toraiseaquestion. B.Toexplainaproblem.C.Toleadinthetopic. D.Tointroducecanalarmsystem.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overlook”mean?A.miss B.notice C.care D.watch29.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAofengSchool’smove?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Uncertain. D.Fearful.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.ThemovebyAofenginFuzhouisagreatsuccess.B.Moreschoolswillusethealarmsysteminthefuture.C.Students’safetywilldependmainlyontechnology.D.Peopleplayamoreimportantroleinstoppingbullying.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了福州鳌峰学校在厕所内安装警报系统以捕捉欺凌行为的举动引起了广泛关注。【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.D【27题详解】推理判断题。根据“…butthemovebyAofengSchoolinFuzhou,capitalofFujianprovince,toinstall(安装)analarmsysteminsidetoiletstocatchbullyingisgettingalotofattention.”可知，第一段谈及福州鳌峰学校在厕所内安装警报系统以捕捉欺凌行为的举动引起了广泛关注，用于引出话题。故选C。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据“Inmostcasesofschoolbullying,educatorshave

overlooked

earlywarningsigns,allowingthesituationtobeoutofcontrol.”可知，在大多数校园欺凌案例中，教育者忽视早期的预警信号，导致事态失控，overlooked意为“忽视”，与miss同义。故选A。【29题详解】观点态度题。根据“However,itisimportantforthemtorememberthatitishumanaction,notjusttechnologythatcanhelpsolvethisseriousproblem.Technologycancertainlyserveasanecessarytool,butitisthehumanelement(因素)—focusedattention,care,andtimelyprevention—thatfinallyholdsthekeytocreatingasaferenvironmentforallstudents.”可知，作者在文章结尾谈到，能够帮助解决校园欺凌这一严重问题的是人类行为，而不仅仅是技术。技术可以作为一种必要的工具，但为所有学生创造一个更安全的环境的关键是人性化——提高关注、关心和及时预防。由此可知，作者对于这一举措仍抱怀疑态度。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“However,itisimportantforthemtorememberthatitishumanaction,notjusttechnologythatcanhelpsolvethisseriousproblem.Technologycancertainlyserveasanecessarytool,butitisthehumanelement(因素)—focusedattention,care,andtimelyprevention—thatfinallyholdsthekeytocreatingasaferenvironmentforallstudents.”可知，作者在最后一段谈到，能够帮助解决校园欺凌这一严重问题的是人类行为，而不仅仅是技术。也就是说，人类行为在预防校园欺凌这一事件中起到更重要的作用。故选D。第II卷（非选择题共45分）三、词汇运用（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）根据首字母或汉语提示，在答题卡上写出下列句子中单词的完全形式。31.Takethism_________twiceaday,andyou’llfeelbetter.【答案】(m)edicine【解析】句意：这种药一天吃两次，你会感觉好些。根据“Takethis…twiceaday,andyou’llfeelbetter.”和首字母提示可知，此处应该表达这种药一天吃两次，medicine“药”，名词，作宾语。故填(m)edicine。32.Sanyaisabeautifulcitywhichr________millionsoftouristseveryyear.【答案】(r)eceives【解析】句意：三亚是一个美丽的城市，每年接待数以百万计的游客。根据“which…millionsoftourists”及首字母提示，可知是receive“接待”，主语是city，为单数，结合“everyyear.”可知，句子是一般现在时，动词填三单形式，故填(r)eceives。33.Theadvicewassou________.Itookitandeasilysolvedtheproblem.【答案】(u)seful【解析】句意：这个建议非常有用。我用了，轻松解决了问题。根据“Theadvicewasso….Itookitandeasilysolvedtheproblem.”以及开头首字母可知，此处指的“这个建议是有用的”，useful意为“有用的”，形容词作表语。故填(u)seful。34.Onecanonlysucceedt________hardwork.【答案】(t)hrough【解析】句意：一个人只有通过努力才能成功。根据“hardwork”和首字母t可知，通过努力才能成功，介词through“通过”符合句意。故填(t)hrough。35.Peterc_________agreeswithme.Wethinkthesameway.【答案】(c)ompletely【解析】句意：Peter完全同意我说的。我们的想法一样。分析句子可知，横线上缺的是副词修饰动词agrees，根据“Wethinkthesameway.”可知，是完全同意，completely“完全”。故填(c)ompletely。36.Tomfounditdifficulttomakehimself________(理解).【答案】understood【解析】句意：汤姆发现他的意思很难被别人理解。understand“理解”，makesbdone“让某人被……”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填understood。37.To________(避免)argumentsbetweenyou,pleasewaituntilyoubothcalmdown.【答案】avoid【解析】句意：为了避免争吵，请等到你们双方都冷静下来。根据中文提示，可知是avoid“避免”，设空处作目的状语，不定式符号to接动词原形。故填avoid。38.Thenoveliswrittenfrom________(个人的)experience.【答案】personal【解析】句意：这部小说是根据个人经历写成的。根据中文提示，可知是personal“个人的”，作定语。故填personal。39.IthoughtIdidbadlyinthetest.However,theresultwasnotasterribleasI________(期待).【答案】expected【解析】句意：我认为我考得不好。然而，结果并不像我想象的那么糟糕。根据中文提示，可知是expect“期待”，结合“theresultwasnotasterribleasI”可知，该句是一般过去时。故填expected。40.Ihaveno_________(选择)buttokeepmoving.【答案】choice【解析】句意：我别无选择只有不断前行。根据汉语“选择”提示，及no后加名词，所以是名词choice“选择”，这里用单数形式。故填choice。四、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于三个单词）。Theorigin(起源)offacialmakeupusedinPekingOperacandatebacktomorethan1,400yearsago,____41____leadingactorsusedtowearmasks.Astheoperaticartsdeveloped,performers____42____(gradual)tookofftheirmasksandpaintedcolorfulpatternson____43____facesinstead,sopeoplecould____44____(well)seetheirfacialexpressions.ChineseOperafacialmakeupisaspecialmakeupmethod____45____Chineseculturalcharacteristics.____46____paintingtechniqueforChinesefacialmakeupindramasiscloselyrelatedtothecharacter’spersonality.Overtheyearsofdevelopment,it____47____(become)animportantpartofChineseculture.Therearefour____48____(role)infacialmakeup,sheng,dan,jing,andchou.Chinesefacial-makeupisextremelystylizedinthecolorsandpatternsused,butnotwopaintedfacesarealike.Forexample,therearemorethan100face-paintingstyles____49____(design)forXiangYu,theheroinFarewellMyConcubine,andeachoneisdifferent.DifferenttypesofChinesefacialmakeupenabletheaudience____50____(know)acharactereasilyandgetmoreinvolvedintheappreciation(欣赏)oftheperformance.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了中国的京剧脸谱。【答案】41.when42.gradually43.their44.better45.with46.The47.hasbecome48.roles49.designed50.toknow【41题详解】句意：京剧脸谱的起源可以追溯到1400多年前，当时主要演员都戴面具。分析句子可知，句子是非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词，此处用when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。【42题详解】句意：随着戏曲艺术的发展，表演者逐渐摘下面具，在脸上画出彩色图案，这样人们可以更好地看到他们的面部表情。此处用副词修饰动词“tookoff”，gradually意为“逐渐地”。故填gradually。【43题详解】句意：随着戏曲艺术的发展，表演者逐渐摘下面具，在脸上画出彩色图案，这样人们可以更好地看到他们的面部表情。根据“theirmasksandpaintedcolorfulpatternson…faces”可知，此处指的是他们的脸上，用形容词性物主代词their，放在名词之前。故填their。【44题详解】句意：随着戏曲艺术的发展，表演者逐渐摘下面具，在脸上画出彩色图案，这样人们可以更好地看到他们的面部表情。根据“sopeoplecould…seetheirfacialexpressions.”以及上文可知，此处指的是“更好地看到他们的面部表情”，用副词的比较级形式，better意为“更好地”。故填better。【45题详解】句意：戏曲脸谱是一种具有中国文化特色的特殊化妆方法。with表示“具有”，后跟名词，此处指的是“具有中国文化特色的特殊化妆方法”。故填with。【46题详解】句意：中国戏剧脸谱的绘画技巧与人物的性格密切相关。后面有介词短语作定语，此处用定冠词特指，开头首字母大写。故填The。【47题详解】句意：经过多年的发展，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。根据时间状语“Overtheyearsofdevelopment”可知，用现在完成时，主语是it，此处用hasdone。故填hasbecome。【48题详解】句意：脸谱有四种角色：生、旦、净和丑。根据“four”可知，此处指的是“四种角色”，用名词复数“roles”。故填roles。【49题详解】句意：比如，为《霸王别姬》中的英雄项羽设计的脸谱就有100多种，每一种都不一样。根据“Forexample,therearemorethan100face-paintingstyles…forXiangYu”可知，此处动词作非谓语动词，此处表示被动，因此用动词过去分词形式。故填designed。【50题详解】句意：不同类型的中国脸谱使观众能够很容易地了解一个角色，并更多地参与到表演的欣赏中。enablesb.todosth.意为“使某人能做某事”，固定词组。故填toknow。五、阅读表达（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，回答短文后面的各个小题。RobertKurtzfindshimselfworkingrightinthemiddleofacomposting(肥料)revolution(革命).KurtzisamanageratRustBeltRiders.ThecompostingcompanyisbasedinCleveland,Ohio.Itsgoalistofightagainstclimate(气候)changebyrecyclingasmuchfoodwasteaspossible.“Ifwewanttomeettheclimategoals,wehavetodealwithfoodwaste,”KurtztoldYourHotJob.“It’sahugepartoftheproblem.”Wastedfoodendsupinlandfills.Asitbreaksdown,itcreatesagascalledmethane(沼气).Methanetrapsheatintheair.Andthatincreasesclimatechange.TheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaystheaveragefamilyintheU.S.spends$1,500peryearonfoodthatdoesn’tgeteaten.Businesseswastefoodtoo.Everyday,Kurtzcontactsgrocerystores,restaurants,andotherfood-servicebusinesses.Heeducatesthemabouttheharmoffoodwaste.Thenheasksifthey’rewillingtochangethewaytheygetridoftheirextrafood.Sofar,RustBeltRidershaspersuaded(劝说)300companiesand2,800householdstodosomethingdifferentlywiththeirfoodwaste.Thecompany’sseventrucksand30employeespickuptheextrafood.Thentheycompostit,turningitintosoil.Compostsoilismuchmorethanjustdirt.It’smadeupoffiveingredientstohelpplantsgrowbetter.That’swhyKurtzandhisworkmatesatRustBeltRidersofferasecondservice:Theysellthecomposted,richsoiltopeopleandbusinessesthatneedit.51.WhatisthegoalofRustBeltRiders?__________________________________________________________52.Whyisfoodwasteharmful?__________________________________________________________53.HowdopeopleinRustBeltRidersdealwiththecollectedfoodwaste?_________________________________________________