Unit+4+Everyday+Economics+Using+language+定语从句 高中英语外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit

4

Everyday

economicsSection

Ⅲ

Using

language复习定语从句Ⅰ.观察感悟1.The

place

where

this

happens

is

a

valley,

a

world

away

from

any

television

studio.2.Zhang

never

thought

that

this

was

something

she

would

end

up

doing.3.Zhang

therefore

decided

to

return

to

her

home

town

and

grow

roses,

which

surprised

many

people.4.As

someone

who

grew

up

in

the

country,

Zhang

already

knew

about

growing

plants.5.However,

like

any

entrepreneur

who

was

just

starting

out,

she

still

had

a

lot

to

learn.

观察上面的句子可知，这些句子中都含有定语从句。第1句中使用了_______引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The

place，关系词在从句中作________语；第2句中含有省略了关系词_____的定语从句；第3句中which引导______________从句；第4、5句中都使用了_____引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语。where地点状that非限制性定语whoⅡ.要点精析1.概述（1）定义:用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分）而起定语作用的从句叫作定语从句。它所修饰的对象称为先行词。（2）关系词的用法关系词指代对象关系词在从句中所作的成分关系代词that人或物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表who人主、宾、表whom人宾whose人或物定as人或物主、宾、表关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语（3）分类:定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。2.关系代词与关系副词的选用

定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可以用以下方法判断：依据用法根据从句的谓语动词是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；是不及物动词，则用关系副词。根据关系词在从句中所作的成分若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词，作状语则用关系副词。This

is

the

factory

where

he

used

to

work.这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。Is

this

the

museum

that/which

was

built

last

year?这就是去年建的那家博物馆吗?3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别（1）在位置上，as引导的从句可放在主句前、后或中间，而which只能放在主句后。As

the

famous

militarist

once

said,

attack

is

the

best

method

of

defence.正如这位著名的军事家曾经所说,进攻是最好的防守。I

often

called

them

gentlemen,which

made

them

giggle.我经常称他们为绅士，

这让他们咯咯地笑。（2）在含义上,as有“正如”之意，而which意为“这一点，这件事”。He

changed

his

mind

again,which

made

us

all

angry.他又改变了主意，这使我们都生气了。4.关系词that和which的选择（1）宜用that不用which的情况①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This

is

the

most

delicious

food

that

I

have

ever

had.这是我曾吃过的最美味的食物。②当先行词是all、little、few、much、everything、nothing、none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.一切能做的都已经做了。③当先行词被the

only、the

very、the

last、the

same等修饰时。This

is

the

very

book

that

I

want

to

buy.这就是我想买的那本书。④当先行词既包含人又包含物时。They

are

talking

of

the

heroines

and

their

deeds

that

interest

them.他们正在谈论他们感兴趣的女英雄及她们的事迹。（2）宜用which不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句时。Football,

which

is

an

interesting

game,

is

very

popular

all

over

the

world.足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时。（见后面内容）This

is

the

house

in

which

Mo

Yan

once

lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。（3）当先行词本身就是that时。That

which

you

told

him

is

what

we

want

to

know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。（4）在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句,其中一个的关系代词是that,那么另一个的关系代词应用which。Let

me

show

you

the

novel

that

I

borrowed

from

the

library

which

was

newly

open.让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom,不可用that或who。先行词指物时用which,指人时用whom。（1）介词选择的三原则:一先二动三意义。一先:根据先行词的习惯搭配来确定。Remember

the

day

on

which/when

you

joined

our

club?你还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?二动:根据从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来确定。This

is

the

house

in

which/where

I

lived

two

years

ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。三意义:根据从句所表达的意义来确定。My

computer,

without

which

I

can't

surf

the

Internet,

crashed

yesterday.昨天我的电脑死机了，没有它我上不了网。（2）“名词/代词/数词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句，该结构在定语从句中一般作主语。The

building

had

been

repaired,

the

roof

of

which

was

destroyed

again

in

the

big

fire.那座大楼已经被修复了，但在这次大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。6.定语从句中的主谓一致（1）关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。I'm

fond

of

the

piece

of

music

which

is

popular

with

the

teenagers.我喜欢受青少年欢迎的那首曲子。（2）one

of+复数名词+定语从句（复数谓语）;the

only

one

of+复数名词+定语从句（单数谓语）She

was

one

of

the

students

who

were

late

this

morning.她是今早迟到的学生中的一个。He

is

the

only

one

of

the

students

that

has

a

good

command

of

French.他是这些学生中唯一精通法语的。7.where引导的定语从句与状语从句句法作用关系副词:引导定语从句从属连词:引导状语从句修饰谁前面的地点名词主句或主句的谓语动词能否替换成“介词+which”能不能位置主句之后或主句中间主句之前或主句之后Is

there

a

shop

around

where

I

can

blow

my

bike

tyres

up?（定语从句）附近有店可以让我给我的自行车车胎打气吗?She

found

her

passport

where

she

lost

it.（地点状语从句）她在丢失护照的地方找到了护照。Ⅲ.实战演练单句填空1.

The

man

with

_______

he

had

a

talk

yesterday

is

a

doctor.whom2.

Her

parents

wouldn't

let

her

marry

anyone

_______

family

was

poor.whose3.

This

is

the

new

bicycle

on

_______

I

spent

five

hundred

dollars.which4.

Tell

me

the

reason

_____

the

American

lady

left

in

a

hurry.why5.

____

is

often

the

case,

girls

like

dolls

while

boys

like

guns.As6.

Do

you

know

the

boy

_____

was

praised

at

the

meeting?who7.

The

manager

walked

toward

the

gate

_______

the

workers

were

waiting.where8.

She

came

around

to

explain

the

reason

_____

she

was

absent

from

the

meeting.why9.

The

only

thing

_____

she

could

do

was

go

to

the

police

for

help.that10.

Such

reasons

___

we

give

can

persuade

him

to

give

up

his

foolish

plan.as语篇填空

There

was

a

time

1.______

I

was

tired

of

learning

English

and

disliked

speaking

English.

And

this

was

the

reason

2._____

my

father

forced

me

to

take

part

in

a

30-day

training

course

in

an

English

club

before

I

went

to

senior

high

school.

When

I

first

came

to

the

club,

3._______

I

met

many

strangers,I

missed

my

parents

very

much.

So

I

packed

up

my

things

and

wanted

to

go

home.

Fortunately,my

guide,

4._______

teacher

was

Mr.

Yu,communicated

with

me

face

to

face,

whenwhywherewhosefrom

5._______

I

gained

some

useful

instructions.

He

also

showed

me

a

good

partner,and

we

got

along

well

with

each

other.

Gradually

I

adapted

to

the

life

there.

Every

day

I

would

like

to

talk

to

other

teenagers

and

set

down

a

series

of

activities

6.__________

we

did.

I

should

be

grateful

to

my

father

and

the

guide,

7._____

encouraged

me

to

fall

in

love

with

English.

Now

I

feel

it

interesting

to

learn

English,into

8._______

I

put

my

entire

energies.

Every

day

I

read

words

and

passages

aloud.

Before

going

to

sleep,

I

recall

the

passages

I

have

learnt,through

9._______

I

can

memorize

a

large

number

of

new

words.

10.____

our

English

teacher

says,“As

long

as

you

form

the

habit

of

learning

English

every

day

and

have

perseverance,you

will

conquer

English

sooner

or

later.”whichthat/whichwhowhichwhichAs词句精讲·夯实基础1

deserve

v.应受，应得，值得情境佳句①Emotional

and

mental

problems

arising

from

physical

causes

deserve

our

attention.由生理原因引起的情绪和精神问题值得我们注意。②Those

who

are

willing

to

give

rather

than

receive

deserve

to

be

respected.那些乐于给予而非索取的人值得被尊重。归纳拓展（1）deserve+n.

值得……；应得……deserve

to

do

sth.值得/应该做某事deserve

doing=deserve

to

be

done值得被做deserve

attention/consideration/sympathy值得注意/考虑/同情deserve

blame/punishment应受责备/惩罚（2）deserve后接v.-ing的主动形式表示被动含义，有此类用法的词语还有need、want（需要）、require、worth等。学以致用［单句填空/一句多译］①

We

had

trained

much

and

prepared

well

in

every

detail,

so

we

deserved

_______（win）.to

win②

Poetry

of

the

Tang

Dynasty

deserves

_________________（read）again

and

again

all

the

time.reading/to

be

read③

我认为这个建议值得认真考虑。→I

think

the

suggestion

___________________________.（deserve+n.）→I

think

the

suggestion

________________________________.（deserve+to

be

done）→I

think

the

suggestion

___________________________.（deserve+doing）deserves

careful

considerationdeserves

to

be

considered

carefullydeserves

considering

carefully2

superior

adj.质量上乘的，优质的

n.级别（或地位、职位）更高的人情境佳句①Helen

was

chosen

for

the

job

because

she

was

far

superior

to

any

other

candidate.海伦获选担任此职位，因为她比其他任何候选人都要优秀得多。②My

brother

is

senior

to

me

by

two

years.我哥哥比我年长两岁。③What

did

you

do

prior

to

coming

here?你来这里之前做什么事？归纳拓展be

superior

to比……更好；更胜一筹be

superior

in在……方面优越名师点津superior本身已含有比较意味，所以没有比较级；另外，在两者作比较时，不能与than连用，而是与介词to连用，类似用法还有：be

senior

to

sb.

（by+时间）

比……年长（几岁）be

junior

to比……年幼be

prior

to在……之前学以致用［单句填空/完成句子］①

To

avoid

an

delay

on

your

trip,

please

be

sure

to

keep

a

close

eye

on

the

local

requirements

prior

___

your

flight

departure.to②

我们比动物高