高中英语语法个人总结：直接引语和间接引语

直接引语与间接引语

DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech

直接引语：直接引用别人的原话称为直接引语，被引用的原话需要加

引号，如：Hesaid,"Iamastudent.”

间接引语：用自己的话来转述别人说话的内容称为间接引语，间接引

语不用引号，如：Hesaidthathewasastudent.

一、不同句子类型的直接引语如何转变成间接引语

1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引

导（that在口语中常省略）如：

Hesaid,“Ilikeartverymuch.”

Hesaid（that）helikedartverymuch.

2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词

whether或if引导。把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主

语在谓语前面），句末用句号。主句中的谓语动词是said

时，需改为asked。没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾语

（me>him或us等）如：

Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”

Heasked（me）whether/ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.

如果是表示请求的一般疑问句，可以不用复合句结构，而改

用asksb.todosth.的复合结构，这时常把said改为asked,

原句中的动词变为to+V-原。如：

Hesaid“Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?”

Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.

3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的

疑问词引导，把疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序（主语在谓

语前面），句末用句号，如：

Hesaid"WhatcanIdoforyou?”

Heasked（me）whathecoulddoforme.

4、直接引语如果是祈使句:

4.1表示请求的祈使句、一般疑问句转换成间接引语时，可不用

复合句结构，而改用asksb.todosth.的复合结构。这时,

常把said改为asked,原句中的动词改为to+V-原，如：

“Jack,pleasehelpmewithmyhomework."Marysaid.

MaryaskedJacktohelpherwithherhomework.

“Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?”Shesaid.

Sheaskedmetoopenthewindow.

4.2表示命令的祈使句转变成间接引语时通常改用told/ordered

sb.(not)todosth.的复合结构。这时，原句中的谓语动

词said^asked常改为told或ordered,如：

“Don'tsmokeintheroom."hesaidtome.

Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.

二、人称的变化遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则，如：

Hesaid,“Ihaveleftyourbookinhisroom.”

Hetoldmethathehadleftmybookinhisroom.

三、如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语改为间接引语时,

从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化：

1、一般现在时要改为一般过去时

Hesaid,“IamafraidIcan'tfinishthework.”

Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthework.

2、现在进行时要改为过去进行时

Hesaid,“Iamusingtheknife.”

Hesaidhewasusingtheknife.

3、一般将来时要改为过去将来时

Shesaid,“Iwilldoitafterclass.”

Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.

4、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时要改为过去完成时

Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”

Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.

Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”

Shesaidthatshehadn'theardfromhimsinceMay.

Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.5

Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbefore

supper.

四、从句时态不用改变的几种情况：

1、直接引语是客观真理、名人名言或谚语时，如：

Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”

Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.

“Afriendinneedi_safriendindeed."Mothersaidtome.

Mothertoldmethatafriendinneedj_safriendindeed.

2、直接引语的谓语动词是一般现在时，如：

Hesays,amastudent.”

Hesaysheisastudent.

3、直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，如：

Hesaid,“Ijoinedthearmyin1934.”

Hesaidthathejoinedthearmyin1934.

4、直接引语有以since或when引导的表示过去时间的状语从

句，在变为间接引语时，状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但

主句的谓语动词则要改为过去完成时，如：

Hesaid,“Ihavelearnt2000EnglishwordssinceIwas

13yearsold.”

Hesaidhehadlearnt2000Englishwordssincehewas

13yearsold.

五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化

1、this变为that:

Shesaid,'T11finishtheworkthismorning.”

Shesaidshewouldfinishtheworkthatmorning.

2、these变为those:

Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”

Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.

3、now变为then:

Hesaid,"It'snineo'clocknow.”

Hesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.

4、today变为thatdaytonight变为thatnight:

Hesaid,“IhavenJtseenhertoday.”

Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.

5^yesterday变为thedaybefore:

Hesaid,aIwentthereyesterday.”

Hesaidthathehadgonetherethedaybefore.

6^lastnight变为thenightbefore

lastweek变为theweekbefore

lastmonth变为themonthbefore

lastyear变为theyearbefore:

Hesaid,“Isawhimlastnight.”

Hesaidthathehadseenhimthenightbefore.

7、tomorrow变为thenext/followingday

nextweek/month/year变为thenext/follolwing

week/month/year:

Hesaid,'T11gotheretomorrow.”

Hesaidthathewouldgotherethenext/followingday.

8、ago变为before:

Shesaid,“Heleft30minutesago.”

Shetoldmethathehadleft30minutesbefore.

9、here变为there:

Hesaid,“Mysisterwashereoneweekago.”

Hesaidthathissisterhadbeenthereo