备考2025届高考英语一轮复习考点通关第二部分学透语法突破句法篇专题五三大从句考点一定语从句

考点一定语从句一、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分that人或物主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语（只引导限制性定语从句）which物主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语who人主语、宾语whom宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语、表语、主语补足语、宾语补足语留意that，which，who，whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略。[2024浙江1月，56]KimCobb，aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta，isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswho/thatarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.点拨该句中academics意为"学者"，是可数名词复数形式，所以关系词要用who/that。[2024新高考Ⅱ，59]IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanythat/whichusedalotofplastic，I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Theoldmanwho/whom/thatmygrandpaisplayingchesswithisanoldfriendofhis.点拨该句中出现了两个be动词"is"，需留意其次个"is"才是主句谓语动词，第一个"is"为定语从句中的谓语动词。[2024天津，6]Dr.Rowan，whosesecretaryresignedtwoweeksago，hashadtodoallhisowntyping.1.that和which引导的定语从句只用that的状况当先行词为everything，anything，nothing，something，much，all，none，few，little（少）等不定代词时当先行词为形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被theonly，thevery，all，any，little（少），few，no等词修饰时当先行词既有人又有物时只用which的状况在非限制性定语从句中关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而介词又位于关系代词之前时MybrotherwassokindthathegavemetheverycomputerthatIwaseagertobuy.Today，withthehelpofBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem（BDS），whichisentirelybuiltbyChineseengineers，weChinesecaneasilyfindourway.Allthathappensduringearlyyearscaninfluencechildrenfortherestoftheirlives.Thelandisknownforahistoricalsitewithbeautifullycoloredwalls，onwhicharepaintedtheeventsofthepast.2.as引导的限制性定语从句as引导的限制性定语从句主要用于thesame...as...，such...as...和so...as...结构中。Itissuchabigdecisionasmoststudentshavetomakebeforegraduation.3.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区分位置含义which引导非限制性定语从句时，位于先行词之后，其先行词是整个主句或主句中的一部分。对先行词加以补充、说明as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词是整个主句，位置灵敏，位于句首、句中或句末均可。对主句的内容进行评述，表示"依据，正如"Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.Thiscomputerstoresalargeamountofinformation，whichisofgreatusetoyourresearch.二、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when（＝at/on/in/duringwhich）表时间时间状语where（＝at/in/onwhich）表地点地点状语why（＝forwhich）只引导限制性定语从句表缘由缘由状语提示where引导定语从句时，先行词除了可以是表示详细地点的名词（如place，home，school，village等）外，还可以是表示抽象地点的名词（如job，condition，situation，point，case，stage，activity等）。[2024天津3月，15]AttheChineseartfestival，therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.5Gcommercialservice’sbeingofficiallylaunchedhasopenedanewdigitalage，whenpeople’sworkcapacityandlifestylewillbeupgraded.Thereasonwhytheinjectionneedsrepeatingeveryyearisthattheviruschanges.[天津高考，11]Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.三、"介词＋关系代词"引导的定语从句1.若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即"介词＋whose＋名词"结构。2."介词＋关系代词"的常见结构：（短语）介词OurEnglishteacher，withwhosehelpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish，hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.HuaMulan，thestoryofwhomhasbeentoldbygenerationsinChina，isafighterintheNorthernWeiDynasty.Therearemanydifferentteasetsandalmostallkindsofteainhishome，mostofwhichIcan’tname.1.DoctorssaymisunderstandingsandfalseinformationaboutthediseasearespreadingontheInternet，whichtheythinkshouldbestopped.2.RunningfromSept.4to9，thefairwasthefirstglobaltradeeventthathadbeenheldbothonlineandofflinebyChinasincetheoutbreakofthedisease.3.Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.4.AsfarasIamconcerned，youthisaperiodwhenweshouldstudyhardandmakeourselveswellpreparedforthefuture.5.PekingOperahasahistoryofabout200years，whoseorigincandatebacktootheroldlocaloperas，especiallyAnhuiOpera.6.Asisknowntousall，traditionalChinesemedicineispracticalandeffectivewhenusedtotreatsomediseases.7.Duringthosedarkmoments，thespacestationmaintainsitspowersupplybyusingjuice（电）that/whichissavedinitsbatteries.8.Inlifepeoplemakemanydecisions，someofwhicharesoimportantthattheyaffectusgreatly.9.Don’ttrustsuchpeopleaspraiseyoutoyourfacebutspeakillofyoubehindyourback.10.TheexhibitscovertheworksbyQiBaishi，whoseworkshaveinfluencedthedevelopmentofChinesepaintings.11.Theyhavereachedapointwheretheyhavetoborrowmoney.12.Whenapplyingforavisa（签证），youneedtostatesimplyandclearlythereasonswhyyougotothecountry.13.MozartwasafamouscomposercontemporarywithBeethoven，bothofwhommadegreatachievements